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Dental and oral health disorders have a fairly high rate in Indonesia, becoming a risk factor for non-communicable diseases that can increase morbidity and mortality rates in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the countries with an abundant productive age population, so dental and oral health disorders that can affect productivity need to be addressed. This study aims to determine the proportion and determinants that influence the incidence of dental and oral health disorders in productive age people in Indonesia based on the results of the 2023 SKI. This study was a cross-sectional study design using data from the 2018 Indonesian Health Survey. A total of 486,994 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the multivariate analysis of the prediction model with cox regression showed that age, male gender, low education, frequent consumption of sweet foods, frequent consumption of sweet drinks, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and frequency of toothbrushing
ABSTRAK Nama : Binti Khofifah Program studi : Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul Tesis : Hubungan Waist – Hip Ratio/ WHR (Rasio Lingkar Pinggang – Lingkar Pinggul) Terhadap Kejadian Disabilitas Pada Usia ≥ 45 Tahun di Indonesia (Analisis Data Indonesia Family Life Survey V Tahun 2014) Disabilitas ADLs dari tahun ke tahun meningkat, sehingga rasio ketergantungan lanjut usia juga meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul pada lanjut usia merupakan indikator yang tepat untuk mengukur tingkat kelebihan massa lemak. Hal itu berkaitan erat dengan berbagai penyakit kronis dan memungkinkan berkembang ke arah disabilitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul dengan kejadian disabilitas pada usia ≥ 45 tahun. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan analisis data ROC (untuk mengetahui titik pototng disabilitas ADLs), Chi – Square dan Regresi Cox. Populasinya adalah seluruh seluruh populasi usia ≥ 45 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria pada IFLS V tahun 2015. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa PR disabilitas ADLs dan rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pingul adalah sebesar 2,7 setelah dikontrol variabel interaksi WHR dengan jenis kelamin, WHR dengan pekerjaan dan WHR dengan status merokok. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka disarankan selalu melakukan uji konfirmasi pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul khususnya pada usia ≥ 45 tahun teritama pada mereka yang tidak melakukan pekerjaan dan juga pada mereka yang merokok, sebab keduanya mempunyai interaksi sinergis dengan WHR yang akan meningkatkan disabilitas ADLs. Kata Kunci : disabilitas ADLs, IFLS V, rasio lingkar pinggang – lingkar pinggul, lanjut usia
ABSTRACK Name : Binti Khofifah Study Program : Community of Epidemiology Tittle : Relationship of Waist – Hip Ratio/ WHR with Disability at ≥ 45 years age in Indonesia (Data Analysis of Indonesia Family Life Survey V, 2014) ADLs disability have been increasing every year, so dependently ratio of oldests people increased too every years. Measurements of waist – hip ratio in oldest people are as the true indicator to identify at increased risk of accumulation of abdomial fat. It’s related with some chronical diseases and maybe can be developing into disability. Research objective is to analyze the relationship between waist hip ratio with ADLs disability in people with ≥ 45 age years. Research design is cross sectional, with data analysis with ROC (it’s to determine cut off point of ADLs disability), Chi – Square and Cox Regression Analysis. Population are all peoples with ≥ 45 age according criteria in IFLS V at 2014. The result showed that Prevalence Ratio ADLs disability with waist – hip ratio are 2,7 after controlled by interaction variable of gender by WHR, job by WHR, and smoking status by WHR. According the result to advices someone always have been measured waist – hip ratio especially for someone with ≥ 45 ages, and there are without activity but there are smoking, becouse the both have sinergic interaction with waist hip – ratio and increased ADLs disability. Keyword : ADLs disability, IFLS V, WHR, oldest – peoples
Background: Pneumonia is one of the biggest causes of under-five deaths in Indonesia with 2,200 under-five deaths per day. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) immunization is the most effective preventive measure against childhood pneumonia. Since its introduction in 2017 in Lombok and 2019 in Bangka Belitung, PCV immunization has been gradually expanded to several provinces and was officially included in the national routine immunization program in September 2022. However, by the end of 2023, complete PCV immunization coverage among children in Indonesia will only reach 62.7%, far below the national target (100%). This study aimed to analyze the association between predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors with PCV immunization completeness among children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with total sampling obtained 9,675 children aged 12-23 months who were respondents of SKI 2023. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and simple logistic regression. Results: The national complete PCV immunization coverage in children aged 12-23 months was 32.1%. Factors significantly associated with PCV immunization completeness are having easy access to health facilities (OR = 7.71; 95% CI = 5.54-10.73), having complete basic immunization status (OR = 5.87; 95% CI = 5.29-6.51), living in Lesser Sunda Island (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 2.03-3.56), was born assisted by a health worker (OR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.23-5.58), had an immunization record (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.92-2.47), and was born in a health facility (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.76-2.60). Conclusion: The large odds ratio for children with easy access to health facilities implies that each local government needs to reduce disparities in access to health services such as adding health infrastructure in areas with difficult access and providing transportation subsidies or mobile immunization services for people from hard-to-reach areas.
