Kelelahan kerja merupakan permasalahan multidimensional yang menjadi ancaman serius bagi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) karena dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berinteraksi. Dampaknya tidak hanya menurunkan kondisi fisik dan mental pekerja, tetapi juga berkontribusi terhadap sekitar 15–20% kecelakaan kerja di tingkat nasional dan 13–19% kecelakaan kerja di tingkat internasional, termasuk kecelakaan fatal. Pada sektor pertambangan, risiko tersebut semakin meningkat akibat karakteristik operasional yang menuntut, sehingga pekerja tambang memiliki kemungkinan mengalami kelelahan sekitar dua hingga tiga kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan pekerja di sektor industri lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran kelelahan subjektif pada operator kendaraan tambang batu bara PT X tahun 2026 sekaligus menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan.  Faktor yang dikaji mencakup faktor terkait pekerjaan, yaitu  beban kerja, shift kerja, lingkungan kerja, stres kerja, dan masa kerja, serta faktor tidak terkait pekerjaan, yaitu usia, kualitas tidur, kuantitas tidur, status pernikahan, gizi, konsumsi kafein, kebiasaan merokok, dan aktivitas fisik. Pengukuran kelelahan dilakukan menggunakan instrumen yang tervalidasi, yaitu Occupational fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale (OFER), variabel beban kerja diukur menggunakan NIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ), variabel stres kerja diukur menggunakan Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), variabel  kualitas dan kuantitas tidur diukur menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), dan variabel aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Dengan desain penelitian potong lintang (cross-sectional), analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa baik faktor risiko kelelahan terkait pekerjaan maupun tidak terkait pekerjaan berhubungan signifikan dengan kelelahan. Variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan yaitu lingkungan kerja, stres kerja, masa kerja, kualitas tidur, kuantitas tidur, status pernikahan, dan aktivitas fisik. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya peningkatan program manajemen kelelahan terutama terkait faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan untuk menurunkan risiko kelelahan serta mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan kerja di sektor pertambangan.

Workplace fatigue is a multidimensional problem that poses a serious threat to occupational safety and health (OHS) because it is influenced by various interacting factors. Its impact not only reduces the physical and mental condition of workers, but also contributes to approximately 15–20% of workplace accidents nationally and 13–19% of workplace accidents internationally, including fatal accidents. In the mining sector, this risk is further increased due to demanding operational characteristics, so that mine workers are approximately two to three times more likely to experience fatigue than workers in other industrial sectors. This study aims to determine the picture of subjective fatigue in coal mining vehicle operators at PT X in 2026 while analyzing factors related to fatigue. The factors studied include work-related factors, namely workload, work shifts, work environment, job stress, and length of service, as well as non-work-related factors, namely age, sleep quality, sleep quantity, marital status, nutrition, caffeine consumption, smoking habits, and physical activity. fatigue measurements were conducted using a validated instrument, namely the Occupational fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale (OFER), workload variables were measured using the NIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ), work stress variables were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), sleep quality and quantity variables were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and physical activity variables were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). With a cross-sectional study design, data analysis was conducted descriptively and inferentially using the chi-square test. The results of this study indicate that both work-related and non-work-related fatigue risk factors are significantly related to fatigue. The variables that are significantly related are the work environment, work stress, tenure, sleep quality, sleep quantity, marital status, and physical activity. The findings of this study indicate the importance of improving fatigue management programs, especially related to risk factors related to fatigue, to reduce the risk of fatigue and prevent occupational accidents in the mining sector.

Kelelahan kerja (fatigue) merupakan permasalahan serius di industri pertambangan yang dapat menurunkan produktivitas dan meningkatkan risiko kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kelelahan dan faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan pada pekerja operator dan mekanik di Site A PT X tahun 2026. Sebanyak 338 responden berpartisipasi, terdiri dari 242 operator dan 96 mekanik. Tingkat kelelahan diukur menggunakan Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale (OFER-15). Faktor risiko terkait pekerjaan meliputi beban kerja (NASA-TLX), stres kerja (PSS-10), serta karakteristik individu seperti durasi kerja, masa kerja, dan shift kerja. Faktor risiko tidak terkait pekerjaan meliputi usia, status gizi, kualitas tidur (PSQI), kuantitas tidur, waktu perjalanan, konsumsi kafein, aktivitas fisik (IPAQ), dan perilaku merokok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas operator berada pada kategori tidak lelah baik pada kelelahan kronis (76,03%) maupun kelelahan akut (61,98%), dengan pemulihan antar shift yang cukup (81,81%). Pada mekanik, sebagian besar juga berada pada kategori tidak lelah untuk kelelahan kronis (62,5%) dan kelelahan akut (56,25%), namun mayoritas mekanik (60,6%) mengalami pemulihan antar shift yang kurang. Dari faktor risiko terkait pekerjaan, hanya stres kerja yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kelelahan akut pada operator (p = 0,043; OR = 0,57). Dari faktor tidak terkait pekerjaan, kualitas tidur berhubungan signifikan dengan kelelahan kronis pada operator (p = 0,014; OR = 2,24) dan mekanik (p < 0,05; OR = 8,11), serta dengan pemulihan kelelahan pada operator (p < 0,05; OR = 2,74). Kuantitas tidur berhubungan signifikan dengan pemulihan kelelahan pada operator (p < 0,05; OR = 2,80). Usia berhubungan signifikan dengan kelelahan akut pada operator (p = 0,006; OR = 0,46), sedangkan konsumsi kafein berhubungan signifikan dengan pemulihan kelelahan pada mekanik (p = 0,042; OR = 0,33). Dengan ini, perusahaan disarankan untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas dan kuantitas tidur pekerja melalui pelatihan sleep hygiene, memvalidasi sistem pemantauan kelelahan yang ada (Parrot/DMS) dengan uji kewaspadaan kognitif, menyesuaikan menu katering pada jam kritis shift malam, memberikan variasi minuman saat sidak fatigue, menambah kapasitas hunian di dalam area IUP, serta menyediakan fasilitas olahraga mandiri di area mess untuk mendorong perilaku hidup aktif.

The Occupational fatigue is a serious issue in the mining industry that can reduce productivity and increase the risk of workplace accidents. This study aimed to analyze fatigue levels and associated risk factors among operators and mechanics at Site A PT X in 2026. A total of 338 respondents participated in this study, consisting of 242 operators and 96 mechanics. Fatigue levels were measured using the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale (OFER-15). Work-related risk factors included workload (NASA-TLX), work stress (PSS-10), and individual characteristics such as work duration, years of service, and shift work. Non-work-related risk factors included age, nutritional status, sleep quality (PSQI), sleep duration, commuting time, caffeine consumption, physical activity (IPAQ), and smoking behavior. The results showed that the majority of operators were classified as non-fatigued in both chronic fatigue (76.03%) and acute fatigue (61.98%), with adequate inter-shift recovery (81.81%). Among mechanics, most were also classified as non-fatigued for chronic fatigue (62.5%) and acute fatigue (56.25%); however, the majority of mechanics (60.6%) experienced insufficient inter-shift recovery. Among work-related risk factors, only work stress showed a significant association with acute fatigue in operators (p = 0.043; OR = 0.57). Among non-work-related factors, sleep quality was significantly associated with chronic fatigue in both operators (p = 0.014; OR = 2.24) and mechanics (p < 0.05; OR = 8.11), as well as with fatigue recovery in operators (p < 0.05; OR = 2.74). Sleep duration was significantly associated with fatigue recovery in operators (p < 0.05; OR = 2.80). Age was significantly associated with acute fatigue in operators (p = 0.006; OR = 0.46), while caffeine consumption was significantly associated with fatigue recovery in mechanics (p = 0.042; OR = 0.33). Based on these findings, the company is recommended to optimize workers' sleep quality and quantity through sleep hygiene training, validate the existing fatigue monitoring system (Parrot/DMS) with pre-shift cognitive alertness testing, adjust catering menus during critical nightshift hours, diversify beverages provided during fatigue inspections, expand on-site accommodation within the mining concession area, and provide recreational sports facilities in the worker dormitory area to encourage an active lifestyle.