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Salah satu transisi gaya hidup yang teljadi adalah perubahan perilaku makan. Hal ini terutama paHng berdampak pada kaum perempuan karena bagi perempuan penting sekali untuk tedihat cantik dan menarik dengan tubuh yang kurus dan tinggi (Logue, 1998). Salah satu caranya adalah dengen berdiet berlebihan yang dapat menjurus ke arah Perilaku Makan Menyimpang (PMM) (Weiss, 2005). Walaupun peda awalnya laporan mengenai terjadinya PMM hanya terjadi di Negara Barat, sejak 5 tahun terakhir ini PMM mulai merambah ke Negara-negara di Timur (Efron, 2005). Penyebab PMM rnenurut Logue (1998), Krummel (1996), dan McComb (2001) antara lain latar beiakang etnis informan, kebiasaan makan keluarga, usia dan jenis kelamin infom1an, pengaruh citra tubuh dan konsep diri, stress, pengaruh media massa. adanya masalah keiuarga, adanya pengalaman pelecehan seksual di masa lalu, adanya anggota keluarga lain yang bermasalah dengan berat badan, adanya faktor sosial ekonomi, sosial budaya, genetik, ternan sebaya, peketjaan, ketakutan menjadi dewasa, acuan makanan, trcn makanan dan pola asuh keluarga. Prevalensi penderita anoreksia nervosa di Amerika adalah sebesar 0,5u/o pada perempuan (Holmes, 2006). Prevalensi di Jepang adalah sebesar 0,025%-0,030%. Sementara itu di Cina menurut suatu studi, prevalcnsi penderita anoreksia nervosa adalah sebesar 0,01% (Lee, 2005). Sedangkan prevalensi penderita bulimia nervosa di Amerika adalah sebesar l-3% (Holmes. 2006), Dl Asia setengah dari seluruh pasien yang melaporkan kejadian PMM adalah penderita bulimia nervosa (Lee, 2005). Prevalensi penderita PMM di Indonesia sendiri belum tercatat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penyebab, mekanisme, dan proses teljadinya PMM dari persepsi penderita. Desain penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Subjek peneltian kualitatif, akan disebut dengan lnfonnan, diperoleh sebanyak 3 informan dari mereka yang pemah/sedang mengalami PMM. Subjek penelitian kuantitatif, akan disebut dengan responden, diperoleh sebesar 397 orang diperoleh dari mereka yang belum terdeteksi mengalami PMM. Waktu pengambilan data adalah bulan Mei-Juni 2007, Data akan diambil dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam untuk penelitian kualitatif dan pengisian kuesioner untuk penelitian kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa semua informan penelitian kualitatif memiliki masa1ah dengan anggota keiuarganya, memiliki pengaruh pola asuh keluarga yang cukup besar memiliki citra tubuh dan konsep diri yang terdistorsi, dan berada di lingkungan yang tidak mendukung adanya orang yang gemuk. HasH penelitian kuantitatif menemukan prevalensi kecenderungan PMM yang terjadi di Jakarta dengan menggunakan kuesioner dari Sarafino 0994) diperoleh sebesar 37,3%. Prevalensi kecenderungan PMM di Jakarta dengan menggunakan kuesioner darl Stice (2000) diperoleh preva!ensi kecenderungan rnengalarnJ anoreksia nervosa sebesar 11,6 % dan prevalensi kecenderungan bulimia nervosa sebesar 27 %. Dari hasil tersebut diharapkan akan muncul peneHtian-penelitian lain untuk mendalami mengenai PMYI. Perlu juga dilakukan pendidikan gizi pada anak~anak sekolah dan orang tua agar dapat menurunkan dan mencegah terjadinya PMM dan dapat menerapkan perilaku makan dengan gizi yang seimbang untuk menjaga kesehatan. Orang tua juga diharap dapat menanamkan konsep diri dan citra tubuh yang benar pada anak-anaknya.
One of the life style changes that occur lately is the eating behavior. This changes gives it affect mostly to women because it is important for women to look beautiful with a thin and tall body (Logue, 1998). One way to achieve this figure is to diet which can lead to eating disorders (Weiss, 2005). Even though early reports of eating disorders state that eating disorders only happens in the Western Country, in the last 5 years eating disorders has been rising in the East (Efron, 2005). The cause of eating disorders according to Logue ( 1998), Krummel (1996), annd McComb (200 I) are the patient ethnic background~ family eating pattern, age, sex, self-concept, body image, stress, mass media, family problems, sexual abuse1 members of family have a weight problem, social economic, social culture, genetics, peer influence, occupation. fear or growling up, food reference, food trends, and parenting practice. The prevalence for anorexia nervosa in the US are 05% females (Holmes, 2006). Anorexia nervosa prevalence in Japan are 0.025% - 0.030o/o, while in China, according to some studies, anorexia nervosa prevalence are 0.01% (Lee, 2005). Prevalence of bulimia nervosa in the US are 1-3% (Holmes, 2006). In Asia, half of the eating disorders reported are bulimic (Lee, 2005). In Indonesia, there hasn't been any report of eating disorders prevalence. The objective of this research is to understand about what are the cause, mechanism; and process of eating disorders. The methods in this research are qualitative and quantitative. The subjects of the qualitative research are three persons who are willing to be the subject and hove a past history of eating disorders. The quantitative subjects are 397 respondent that have not been diagnose with eating disorders. The research is being held at May~June 2007, The information are being gathered by inF depth interview for the qualitative research and by filling a self reported questioner for the quantitative research. The result from qualitative research shows that aU of the subjects have problems with their family, the parenting practice have a big influence in their life, they also have a distorted body image and poor self:.concept, and they are living in an environment that have a negative behavior towards overweight problems. TI1e quantitative research shows that using Sarrlino (!994) questioner, there are 37.3% adolescents who have a tendency toward eating disorders. By using the Stice (2000) questioner, there are 1 L6% adolescents that have a tendency towards anorexia nervosa, and 27% adolescents that have a tendency towards bulimia nervosa. From the results, we hope that there will be more research about eating disorders. There should also be a nutritional education for students and parents so they can adopt a balance diet to a healthy body. Parents should also be encourages to tell their children about the right body image and self concept.
Background: The tendency of eating disorders can be defined as physical and psychosocial health disorders characterized by dysfunctional eating behavior and distorted body image. WHO (2019) states that globally there are 3 million children and adolescents experiencing eating disorders. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the tendency of eating disorders among adolescent girls at Senior High School 28 Jakarta in 2024. Method: This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and uses primary data collected from 161 respondents. Results: The prevalence of the tendency of eating disorders in adolescent girls at Senior High School 28 Jakarta in 2024 was 67,7%. There is a significant relationship between body image, diet history, family influence, and social media influence with the tendency of eating disorders. There are differences in the average stress level scores and standard deviations of BMI for age between adolescent girls with the tendency of eating disorders and adolescent girls without the tendency of eating disorders. Meanwhile, it is known that self-confidence, peer influence, and social media dependence do not have a significant relationship with the tendency of eating disorders. Conclusion: Schools can increase awareness of the tendency of eating disorders in adolescent girls by conducting education targeting students, teachers, and parents to facilitate early detection.
The purpose of this study was to determine dominant factor to tendency of eatingdisorder in female high school students at SMA Labschool Kebayoran Jakarta2014. This study used cross-sectional design. The result showed that 51% offemale high school students had the tendency of eating disorder and 1,3% had aserious tendency. Variabels that showed significance were diet behavior(P=0,000), self-esteem (P=0,043), family influence (P=0,001), teasing historyrelated shape and weight (P=0,023), and BMI (P=0,037). Multivariate analysis isalso used in this study, result show that diet behavior as dominant factor totendency of eating disorder (OR=3,589) aftel controlling with self-esteem, familyinfluence and teasing history. This study suggest schools and health services canwork together to held a nutritional program about the dangers of eating disorder,the calculation of ideal body weight, the calculation BMI for age, and how to set agood diet so that students can maintain their health.Keywords : diet behaviour; family influence; teasing history related shape andweight; tendency of eating disorder.
Ada tiga kategori PMM yaitu anoreksia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) termasuk binge eating. Pagsberg dan Wang (1994) dalam Keel (2005) sebanyak 0,7% remaja di Denmark mengalami bulimia nervosa. Turnbull et al (1996) dalam Keel (2005) di Inggris pada tahun 1988-1993, sebanyak 12,2% remaja mengalami bulimia nervosa. Tantiani (2007) 34,8% remaja di Jakarta mengalami PMM , 11,6% anoreksia nervosa dan 27% bulimia nervosa. Faktor genetik, kepercayaan diri, pola makan dan citra tubuh merupakan sebagian dari faktor penyebab PMM (Gibney,et al. 2005). Profesi sebagai pramugari dituntut untuk menjaga penampilan fisik agar mempunyai bentuk tubuh yang proporsional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kejadian PMM pada pramugari di beberapa maskapai penerbangan Indonesia tahun 2011. Desain penelitian adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian kualitatif, informan, sebanyak 3 orang penelitian dan sampel kuantitatif, 300 orang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2011 di Balai Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Bandara Soekarno Hatta. Hasil penelitian sebanyak 15% responden mengalami PMM, anoreksia 2,7%, bulimia 4.3%, binge eating 8%, kecenderungan anoreksia 31 % dan EDNOS sebanyak 13.3%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku diet, citra tubuh, percaya diri, kekerasan fisik, tuntutan pekerjaan, kompetisi dan pengetahuan gizi. Dari hasil tersebut diharapkan akan muncul penelitian untuk mendalami PMM. Kata kunci : Perilaku Makan Menyimpang (PMM), Pramugari
There are three categories of PMM namely anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS), including binge eating. Pagsberg and Wang (1994) in Keel (2005) as much as 0.7% of adolescents have bulimia nervosa in Denmark. Turnbull et al (1996), Keel (2005) in England in 1988-1993, 12.2% of adolescents have bulimia nervosa. Tantiani (2007) 34.8% of adolescents in Jakarta have PMM, 11.6% anorexia nervosa and 27% bulimia nervosa. Genetic factors, confidence, diet and body image are some of the factors causing the PMM (Gibney, et al. 2005). Profession as a flight attendant is required to maintain the physical appearance in order to have a proportionate body shape. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence of PMM on the flight attendants on some airlines Indonesia in 2011. The study design was quantitative and qualitative. Qualitative research subjects, informants, as many as 3 people research and quantitative sample, 300 people. The experiment was conducted in March-May 2011 at the Aviation Health Institute and the Soekarno-Hatta Airport. The results as much as 15% of respondents experienced PMM, anorexia 2.7%, 4.3% bulimia, binge eating 8%, 31% and the trend of anorexia EDNOS as much as 13.3%. There is a significant relationship between dietary behaviors, body image, self confidence, physical violence, job demands, competition and knowledge of nutrition. From the results of the research are expected to arise to explore the PMM. Key words: Behavior Eating Notwithstanding (PMM), Flight Attendant
Kata Kunci: Siklus menstruasi, penari balet, perilaku makan menyimpang
The aim of this study is to identify the dominant factor associated with the menstrual cycle on ballet dancer in Namarina Ballet-Jazz-Fitness Jakarta 2015. This study which conducted on 84 ballet dancers used cross sectional design and was performed by accidental sampling. The collected data were menstrual history, duration of exercise, BMI, body fat percentage, menarche age, eating disorder, and stress. These data were collected by using self administered questionnaire, measurement for weight and height, and body fat measurement using BIA. The result of this study showed that 65,5% respondents experience menstrual cycle disorder. Mann-Whitney test showed no significant differences in the average duration of exercise, BMI and body fat percentage between ballet dancers who experience menstrual cycle irregularity with ballet dancers who experience menstrual cycle regularity. Chi square test showed significant relation between the age of menarche, eating disorder, and stress to the menstrual cycle. Regression binary logistic analysis showed that eating disorder (OR= 4,8) as the dominant factor associated with the menstrual cycle on ballet dancer in Namarina BalletJazz-Fitness Jakarta 2015.
Keywords: Menstrual cycle, ballet dancer, eating disorder
