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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira bacteria. DKI Jakarta is one of 11 endemic areas. This study analyzed the relationship between social (population density), climatic (humidity, rainfall, temperature), and environmental (flood-prone, waste generation) factors on leptospirosis cases in five administrative cities of DKI Jakarta in 2017-2023. The results showed a significant relationship between humidity, rainfall, and flood-prone areas (p<0.05), with a correlation of humidity (r = -0.375) and rainfall (r = 0.477). The distribution of cases was more in flood-prone areas, medium-high waste generation, and medium population density. Thus, it is necessary to optimize cross-sector collaboration in intervention.
Hubungan antara kualitas udara dengan masalah kesehatan pernapasan dan kardiovaskular su- dah banyak diteliti, tetapi studi mengenai kualitas udara dengan demam berdarah dengue masih terbatas. Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, baik di wilayah tropis maupun subtropis. Studi ekologi dila- kukan di DKI Jakarta, salah satu wilayah yang memiliki jumlah kasus DBD tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, untuk meneliti hubungan antara Incidence Rate (IR) DBD dengan polusi udara, kece- patan angin, luas ruang terbuka hijau, serta kepadatan penduduk selama 2019–2023. Dilakukan pendekatan uji korelasi, uji Kruskal wallis, uji regresi linear berganda, dan analisis spasial. Ha- silnya menunjukkan bahwa semakin buruk kualitas udara, maka IR DBD cenderung menurun, dan sebaliknya pada uji korelasi, uji Kruskall-Wallis, dan regresi. Kecepatan angin, kepadat- an penduduk, dan luas ruang terbuka hijau memiliki hubungan negatif signifikan terhadap IR DBD di hampir seluruh wilayah di DKI Jakarta. Pada analisis spasial, IR DBD cenderung lebih tinggi di wilayah dengan polusi udara tinggi, luas ruang terbuka hijau rendah, dan kepadatan penduduk tinggi, sedangkan kecepatan angin menunjukkan variabilitas dan tidak tampak pola yang konsisten. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan bagi Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) untuk meningkatkan akurasi prediksi dini IR DBD di DKI Jakarta.
The associations between respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes with air quality have been well examined. Less conclusive are the studies assessing the relationship between air quality and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a mosquito-borne illness which remains a public health problem worldwide. We examined this relationship in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, where the burden of DHF is among the highest across South-East Asian region. We analyzed the correlation between dengue incidence rate and variations in air pollution, wind speed, vegetation greenness, and population density in DKI Jakarta from 2019 to 2023 using the ecological study method. The results indicated that poorer air quality was generally associated with lower dengue incidence rate, as shown in the correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, and regression tests. Wind speed, population density, and green open space area showed significant negative relationships with dengue incidence rate across most areas in DKI Jakarta. In the spatial analysis, dengue incidence rate tended to be higher in areas with high air pollution, low green vegetation, and high population density, while wind speed showed variability and did not indicate a consistent pattern. Variations in the concentrations of these air pollutants may inform short-term DHF forecasts by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG)
Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan dan karakteristik individu terhadap kejadian leptospirosis di Jakarta tahun 2003-2005.
Disain : Studi ini menggunakan rancangan Kasus Kontrol. Data pada penelitian ini berasal dari data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Bagian Program-Diklat RSUD Tarakan ? Jakarta dan melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah dikembangkan. Wawancara dilakukan oleh enumerator yang sudah dilatih mewawancarai terhadap responden kasus maupun responden kontrol. Subyek berjumlah 190 orang, dimana responden yang positif leptospira sebagai kelompok kasus dan reponden yang negatif leptospira sebagai kontrol, dengan perbandingan 1:1. Varibel independen adalah Faktor lingkungan (Keadaan dan penataan rumah, loteng/plafon rumah, binatang penular (vektor), sarana air bersih, sarana penyimpanan makanan, SPAL) serta karakteristik individu ( Umur, pekerjaan, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan, perilaku, dan pendidikan). Ananlisis dilakukan deng chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil : Ada hubungan bermakna antara keadaan dan penataan rumah (OR= 3,956; 95%CI: 1,511-10,358), SPAL ( OR= 1,982; 95% CI: 1,111-3,536), Tingkat Sosial Ekonomi (OR= 1,928; 95% CI: 1,073-3,462), pengetahuan (OR= 17,625; 95% CI: 6,573-47,257) dan Pendidikan (OR= 2,407; 95% CI: 1,333-4,348).
Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa faktor lingkungan dan karakteristik individu berhubungan dengan kejadian leptospirosis di Jakarta pada tahun 2003-2005. Terdapat 4 (empat) faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian leptospirosis adalah pendidikan,pengetahuan, sarana air bersih dan komponen dan penataan rumah.
Kata Kunci: Faktor Lingkungan, Karakteristik Individu, Kejadian Leptospirosis, Kasus-Kontrol.
Background: Jakarta is one of the largest cities in Indonesia where almost every year got flood. Of course, flood brings very bad impact for all human life aspect, which one is the incidence of various post-flood diseases. Environment changes caused by flood resulting leptospirosis spread (rat urine disease), this thing resulted because animal urine infected by leptospira germ will carried by water pond and contaminate house environment. Case occurred in DKI Jakarta are 65 people (2003), 78 people (2004), and 51 people (2005). Leptospirosis problem occurred in DKI Jakarta always occurred in the same area caused by bad environment factor, bad behavior, or individual characteristic influence.
Objective: To find relation between environment factor and individual characteristic toward leptospirosis in Jakarta year 2003-2005.
Design: This study use Case Control design. Data in this research based on secondary data obtained from Part of Diklat RSUD Tarakan Program ? Jakarta and through structured interview using developed questioner. Interview done by enumerator, which has trained to interview case respondent and control respondent. Subject are 190 people, whereas positive leptospirosa respondent as case group and negative leptospirosa respondent as control group, with 1:1 comparison. Independent variable is environment factor (house condition and settlement, house plafond, infector animal (vector), sanitation, food supply, SPAL) and also individual characteristic (age, job, sex, knowledge, behavior, and education). Analysis done by chi-square and double logistic regression.
Result: There is relation between both house condition and settlement (OR=3,956; 95%CI: 1,511-10,358), waste (OR=1,982; 95%CI: 1,111-3,536), social economy (OR=1,928; 95% CI: 1,073-3,462), knowledge (OR=17,625; 95% CI: 6,573-47,257) and education (OR= 2,407; 95% CI: 1,333-4,348).
Conclusion: From research result found that environment factor and individual characteristic related with leptospirosis in Jakarta year 2003-2005. There are four dominant factors that affect leptospirosis, such as education, knowledge, sanitation, and house component and settlement.
Key Word: Environment Factor, Individual Characteristic, Leptospirosis, Case-Control.
Acute Respiratory Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. DKI Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia which has five major cities, namely Central Jakarta, North Jakarta, South Jakarta, East Jakarta, West Jakarta and the Thousand Islands. Ambient air pollution from year to year tends to increase. As a developing city, DKI Jakarta Province contributes to air emissions that cause a decrease in air quality through population activities, industrial activities and transportation. The impact of high ambient air SO2 concentrations is one of the reasons for the increase in acute respiratory disease or also known as ARI. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between SO2 concentration and the incidence of ARI in children under five in DKI Jakarta according to the 2018-2021 season. The research design uses an ecological time series analysis study with the duration of the study starting from 2018-2021. Secondary data were obtained from related government institutions, namely BMKG, the Environment Agency and the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office. The analysis was carried out using the Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) in five major cities in DKI Jakarta to determine air quality for the last 4 years based on the rainy and dry seasons. There is a significant relationship between air temperature and the incidence of ARI in children under five in DKI Jakarta Province according to the 2018-2021 season, while for SO2 concentration, air humidity and rainfall there is no significant relationship (p>0.05). For low strength in the variable SO2 concentration with a negative direction, air temperature has a moderate strength with a negative relationship direction. While air humidity and rainfall have a very low strength with a positive relationship direction. DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office in order to carry out health actions related to ARI in toddlers. More effective interventions in the areas of promotion and protection of health and prevention of the risks of the climate environment to the health of the population, in particular to children
