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Gizi adalah bagian penting dari kesehatan dan perkembangan manusia. Indonesia, belum mencapai target MDG’s kekurangan gizi <15,5% yaitu 17,9% pada tahun 2010. Sedangkan BBLR merupakan salah satu variabel pokok penyebab kekurangan gizi pada balita yang prevalensinya 11,5%. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap anak usia 24-59 bulan dengan menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010 dan desain penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 10.122 responden. Analisis data menggunakan metode cox regression (complex sample). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa jenis kelamin, pendidikan ibu, tingkat sosial ekonomi, dan tipe daerah, bukan faktor counfounding maupun interaksi sehingga nilai PR balita dengan riwayat BBLR memiliki prevalensi mengalami kekurangan gizi 1,77 kali dibandingkan anak yang lahir normal pada balita dengan asupan energi cukup (PRadj = 1,77, 95% CI: 1,32-2,37) dan pada balita dengan asupan energi kurang, protein cukup, dan protein kurang masing-masing sebesar 1,55 (95% CI: 1,27-1,89), 1,51 (95% CI: 1,22-1,86), dan 1,85 (95% CI: 1,40-2,43). Kata Kunci: BBLR, Status gizi, Balita, Anak 24-59 bulan.
Nutrition is an essential part of health and human development. Indonesia, not to achieve the MDG's targets malnutrition <15.5% ie 17.9% in 2010. While LBW is one of the main variables in infants causes of malnutrition prevalence of 11.5%. Research conducted on children aged 24-59 months with the use of secondary data and the Health Research Association 2010 cross-sectional study design. The number of samples in this study were 10122 respondents. Data analysis using Cox regression method (complex sample). The results showed that after controlling sex, maternal education, socioeconomic level, and type of area, with a history of LBW children had a prevalence of 1.77 times the malnourished than children of normal birth in infants with adequate energy intake (PRadj = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.37) and in children with less energy intake, adequate protein, and less protein each 1.55 (95% CI: 1,27 to 1,89), 1.51 (95% CI: 1.22 to 1.86), and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.40-2.43). Keywords: Low birth weight, nutritional status, toddlers, children 24-59 months
Indonesia has targeted a reduction in stunting prevalence to 14,2% in 2029. However, this effort still faces major challenges such as the complexity of the double burden of malnutrition and suboptimal feeding practices during the first 1000 days of life. At individual level, a child can experience more than one malnutrition problem at once, which called the double burden of malnutrition. Limited studies have examined the double burden of malnutrition at individual level in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the association of complementary feeding practices and the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2022 Indonesia Nutritional Status Survey. The double burden of malnutrition was assessed in forms of coexisting stunting-wasting and stunting-overweight, while complementary feeding practices was measured based on WHO and UNICEF IYCF indicators. A total of 69.884 children were analyzed for stunting-wasting and 72.158 children for stunting-overweight after meeting data completeness and no extreme values. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimated asjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR). This study found the prevalence of stunting-wasting and stunting-overweight was 2.7% and 0.7%, respectively. Among the children, 50.9% met the minimum dietary diversity (MDD), 83.5% met the minimum meal frequency (MMF), 45.3% met the minimum acceptable diet (MAD), 72.5% consumed eggs and flesh foods (EFF), 24.9% consumed sweet beverages (SwB), and 21.6% had zero consumption of fruits and vegetables (ZVF). SwB and ZVF indicators were significantly associated with both forms of the double burden of malnutrition. Children who did not consume sweet beverages had a 10% lower risk of stunting-wasting (aPOR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81–0.996) and a 31% lower risk of stunting-overweight (aPOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.84) compared to children who consume sweet beverages. Meanwhile, children who consumed fruits and vegetables had a 20% lower risk of stunting-wasting (aPOR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71–0.90) and a 29% lower risk of stunting-overweight (aPOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57–0.89) than those with zero intake of fruits and vegetables. These findings highlight the importance of improving the diversity and quality of foods provided in government programs, along with strengthening nutrition education and sweet beverages nutrition labeling policies to prevent the double burden of malnutrition among children.
Masalah stunting pada anak masih menjadi tantangan serius di Indonesia, termasuk di Kabupaten Pohuwato, Gorontalo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh edukasi Panduan Gizi Seimbang Berbasis Pangan Lokal terhadap perubahan praktik pemberian makan, asupan gizi, status besi, dan status gizi anak baduta. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed methods exploratory sequential design, diawali dengan riset formatif kualitatif untuk pengembangan media edukasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Intervensi edukasi dilakukan selama 12 bulan dengan pendekatan komunikasi perubahan perilaku sosial (SBCC) menggunakan modul PGS-PL yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi lokal melalui edukasi intensif, peer educator dan juga demo masak.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi PGS-PL berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan skor keragaman makanan (DDS) (OR = 1,89; p = 0,048) dan Konsumsi sumber pangan hewani (OR=1,55, p = 0,037), serta peningkatan asupan energi, protein, karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin A, asam folat, zat besi, dan seng (p < 0,05). Namun, tidak ditemukan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar serum ferritin dan serum transferrin receptor. Status gizi anak mengalami peningkatan signifikan pada indeks tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U) sebesar 0,60 z-score (p = 0,007), tetapi tidak signifikan pada indeks berat badan menurut umur (BB/U), dan terdapat penurunan signifikan pada indeks berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB) (p = 0,034).
Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa edukasi gizi berbasis pgs-pl dengan pendekatan kombinasi edukasi intensif, peer educator dan demo masak dapat menjadi strategi efektif dalam meningkatkan praktik pemberian makan dan status gizi anak balita di wilayah dengan potensi pangan lokal.
Stunting in children remains a serious public health challenge in Indonesia, including in Pohuwato District, Gorontalo. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nutrition education based on the Local Food-Based Balanced Nutrition Guidelines (PGS-PL) on changes in feeding practices, nutrient intake, besi status, and nutritional status of children aged 6–14 months. The research employed a mixed methods exploratory sequential design, starting with formative qualitative research for the development of educational media, followed by a quasi-experimental study using a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The education intervention was conducted over 12 months using a social and behavior change communication (SBCC) approach, incorporating the PGS-PL module adapted to local conditions through intensive education, peer educators, and cooking demonstrations.
The results showed that PGS-PL education had a significant effect on increasing Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) (OR = 1.89; p = 0.048) and Egg and/or flesh food (EFF) (OR=1,55, p=0,037), as well as improving the intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin A, folic acid, besi, and seng (p < 0.05). However, no significant effect was found on serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor levels. Children's nutritional status showed a significant improvement in the height-for-age index (HAZ) by 0.60 z-score (p = 0.007), but no significant change was observed in the weight-for-age index (WAZ), and there was a significant decrease in the weight-for-height index (WHZ) (p = 0.034).
This study confirms that nutrition education based on PGS-PL using a combination of intensive education, peer educators, and cooking demonstrations can be an effective strategy for improving feeding practices and the nutritional status of toddlers in areas with local food potential.
