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Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Semakin tinggi prevalensi anemia pada wanita atau ibu hamil, semakin tinggi pula prevalensi anemia pada ibu menyusui, sehingga secara tidak langsung prevalensi anemia pada bayi dan anak-anak juga ikut. Oleh karena prevalensi anemia balita (52,2%) di Jawa Barat dan prevalensi anemia ibu menyusui (52%) di Kabupaten Bogor masih cukup tinggi, maka perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang berhuhungan dengan kejadian anemia gizi besi pada ibu menyusui bayi terutama usia 2-4 bulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia gizi besi pada ibu menyusui bayi usia 2-4 bulan. Desain penelitian ini adalah krosseksional. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu yang sedang menyusui bayi usia 2-4 buian di Kabupaten Bogor. Jumlah keseluruhan sampel penelitian sebanyak 172 ibu menyusui. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, persentase ibu menyusui yang mengalami anemia (kadar Hb < 12 g/dl) adalah sebesar 34,3%. Rata-rata lama pendidikan yang dimiliki ibu dan suami adalah 46 tahun atau setingkat SD. Sebagian besar (58,7%) ibu menyusui termasuk dalam kategori keluarga miskin dan hampir seluruh (93,6%) ibu menyusui berstatus sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan suami merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan anemia gizi besi ibu (P< 0,05). Ibu menyusui yang memiliki suami dengan lama pendidikan 9 tahun, setelah dikontrol variabel IMT dan asupan zat besi. Penelitian ini menyarankan untuk mengadakan program pemberian suplementasi tablet besi kepada ibu menyusui seperti anjuran WHO tahun 2001. Selain itu, meningkatkan anjuran mengkonsumsi bahan makanan sumber zat besi alami, meningkatkan kegiatan penyuluhan gizi yang ditujukan kepada suami dan ibu menyusui, soda kexjasama lintas sektor instansi terkait, terutama dalam pembuatan cetakan dan penyebaran media (leaflet, poster) anemia gizi untuk ibu menyusui.
Anemia is still public health problem in the world including Indonesia. The high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy, the high prevalence of anemia in lactating mother. Un-directly, anemia prevalence in infant and children become higher too. Because of anemia prevalence of children under five years (52,2%) in West Java and anemia prevalence of lactating mother (52%) in Bogor were still high, factors related to this problems especially for lactating mother of 2- to 4 mo-old infants were needed to know. The objective of this research was estimating the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in lactating mother of 2- to 4-mo-old infants in Bogor, years 2004, and leaming the factors related to this. Thesis design was cross-sectional. Thesis sample was lactating mother of 2- to 4-mo-old infants in Bogor. All of the samples were 172 mothers. The logistic regression was used in analysis of data. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (Hb < I2 g/dl) in lactating mothers of 2-to 4-mo-old infants was 34,3%. Mean of mother?s and father`s term of formal education was 4-6 years or as same as basic school. 58,7% of mother`s families were in low~income social economic. 93,6% mothers were totally wife household. Father`s education was a factor that most relate to iron deficiency anemia in lactating mother, after controlled by IMT and iron intake (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that lactating mother who husband has short-term of formal education (< 9 years) had an odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 2.5 [l,165-5,3921] to have iron deficiency anemia (Hb < 12 g/dl) compared with lactating mother who husband has long-term of formal education (>9 years). The suggestion of this thesis are giving supplementation program for lactating mothers, giving more nutrition education for lactating mother and her husband, and making inter relation teamwork for printing and publishing leaflet and poster of anemia for lactating mother.
Bayi mengalami pertumbuhan sangat cepat. Setelah usia 6 bulan merupakan masa paling kritis karena pada saat itu pemberian ASI saja tidak mencukupi untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi. Gangguan pertumbuhan pada periode ini berkaitan dengan praktik pemberian makan bayi karena itu jika pemberian MPASI tidak diberikan secara tepat akan menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan optimal. Penelitian tentang program peningkatan MPASI menemukan bahwa masih banyak ibu belum mengerti cara pemberian dan waktu tepat memberikan MPASI. Menurut SDKI 2002-2003 sekitar 47,9% bayi mendapat makanan pralakteal dan 50 % bayi sudah mendapat MPASI pada usia kurang dari 1 bulan, bahkan pada usia 2-3 bulan sudah mendapat makanan padat. Di Kabupaten Bangka belum pernah dilakukan penelitian tentang MPASI sebelumya. Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan praktik pemberian MPASI pada bayi usia 0-12 bulan di Kecamatan Sungailiat Kabupaten Bangka 2008. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel adalah ibu mempunyai bayi usia 0-12 bulan yang tinggal di Kecamatan Sungailiat Kabupaten Bangka pada saat penelitian dengan kriteria inklusi masih menyusui, belum pernah diberikan bantuan MPASI oleh pemerintah atau MPASI program gakin dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan survei cepat dengan rancangan klaster. Sebagai klaster adalah kelompok ibu yang mempunyai karakteristik homogen di wilayah posyandu di Kecamatan Sungailiat. Jumlah sampel 270 orang dan 30 klaster, pemilihan secara acak sehingga setiap klaster dibutuhkan 9 responden. Variabel dependen penelitian adalah praktik pemberian MPASI, sedangkan variabel independen adalah umur ibu, paritas, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan ibu tentang MPASI, pendapatan keluarga dan peran petugas kesehatan. Analisis dengan menggunakan univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan praktik pemberian MPASI pada bayi usia 0-12 bulan di Kecamatan Sungailiat tahun 2008 sudah dilaksanakan sebesar 87,0%. Dari responden melaksanakan praktik tersebut sebanyak 54,7% dengan praktik pemberian MPASI baik dan kurang baik sebesar 42,6%. Hasil uji bivariat dengan chi square ada hubungan bermakna antara pendidikan ibu (p=0,086), pengetahuan MPASI ibu (p=0,002, OR=2,394 ; CI (1,410-4,065) dan peran petugas kesehatan (p=0,000, OR=10,605 ; CI (5593-20,108) dengan praktik pemberian MPASI pada bayi usia 0-12 bulan di Kecamatan Sungailiat Kabupaten Bangka 2008. Analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik menghasilkan faktor paling dominan adalah peran petugas kesehatan. Ibu dengan peran atau dukungan kurang baik oleh petugas kesehatan memberikan peluang 10,538 kali untuk melakukan praktik pemberian MPASI kurang baik dibandingkan ibu dengan peran atau dukungan petugas kesehatan baik setelah dikontrol oleh umur ibu, pendidikan , pekerjaan dan pengetahuan ibu tentang MPASI. Faktor determinan adalah peran petugas kesehatan yaitu dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petugas kesehatan di bidang gizi khususnya dalam memberikan makanan tepat pada bayi sesuai dengan waktu dan cara pemberian. Pentingnya pemberian ASI eksklusif serta manajemen laktasi pada ibu mempunyai bayi di seluruh Kecamatan Sungailiat secara benar dan terus menerus. Meningkatkan promosi praktik pemberian MPASI sehat dan higienis di posyandu, puskesmas dan pertemuan warga, penyediaan sarana penyuluhan dan klinik gizi seperti poster, leaflet, booklet, food model atau contoh MPASI dan makanan bergizi seimbang. Meningkatkan promosi ASI eksklusif dengan sasaran remaja atau wanita usia subur belum menikah dan meningkatkan motivasi petugas kesehatan yang berprestasi di tingkat puskesmas.
Infant grows very fast. The critical period is started after the age of six months. This is because, in that period giving breastfeeding exclusively to the infant does not sufficiently fulfill the nutrition need. Growth interference in this period is closely related with the infant's feedings. Therefore, if complementary feeding is not given correctly, it will cause the interference of optimal growth. The research result of complementary feeding increasing program finds that there is a big number of mothers who still do not understand about the way and the right time of complementary feeding. Based on SDKI's data, in 2002-2003, 47,9% of the infant were given pralacteal food and 50% of the infant had been given complementary feeding in the age of less than one month, and in the age of 2-3 months the infant were given solid food. There has not ever been a research about complementary feeding being done in Bangka District. The aim of this research is to obtain the information about related factors dealing with complementary feeding practices to the infant ages 0-12 months in Sungailiat, Bangka District on 2008. The research uses quantitative approach and cross sectional design. The samples are mothers who have 0-12 months infant and live in Sungailiat, Bangka District. The mothers are characterized as follows; breasting, never been given MPASI donation from the government or complementary feeding program for poor family, and able to participate in the research. The samples are taken by using a rapid survey with cluster design. The cluster is a group of mothers who have homogenic characteristic in the area of Integrated Health Service at Sungailiat. The sample number is 270 people and 30 clusters, which are chosen randomly. Therefore, each cluster needs 9 respondents. The dependent variable of the research is complementary feeding practices, and the independent variables are mothers' ages, mothers' education, mothers' works, the number of family member, mothers' knowledge about complementary feeding, family income, and the role of medical officers. The research result shows that complementary feeding practices to the infant ages 0-12 months in Sungailiat has been done and reached 87,0%. 54,7 % of the respondents have complementary feeding practices well and 42,6% of the respondents have not complementary feeding practices very well. The brivariat test by using chisquare shows that there is a relationship between mothers' education (p=0,086), mothers' knowledge about complementary feeding (p=0,002, OR=2,394; CI (1,410-4,0645) and medical officers' role (p=0,000, OR=10,605; CI (5593-20,108) with complementary feeding practices to the infant age 0-12 months in Sungailiat on 2008. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression shows that the most dominant factor is the role of medical officers, after controlled by variables of mothers' ages, education, works and mothers' knowledge about complementary feeding practices. Since the determinant factor is the role of medical officers, therefore increasing their knowledges and abilities in nutrition field especially in giving the right food in the right time for infant is the best solution. The importance of giving breastfeeding exclusively and lactation management for mothers who have infant in Sungailiat should run well and continually. Increasing the promotions of giving a health and hygienic complementary feeding Integrated Health Service, Public Health Service and people's meetings, providing the meetings facilities, and nutrition clinic, such as poster, leaflet, booklet, food model. Increasing the promotions of giving brestfeeding exclusively to the teenagers or unmarried woman who are in the fertilities ages, and increasing the motivation for the medical officers especially those who have good achievement in the area of public health service.
This study aims to determine the description and factors associated with the incidence of underweight in children aged 24-30 months based on risk factors, such as: nutritional intake, history of infectious diseases, history of low birth weight, feeding practices, and family characteristics in Jatinegara and Pulogebang Villages, Cakung Subdistrict, East Jakarta in 2019. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional design and used secondary data taken in May 2019 with a total of 221 respondents. Data analysis was performed using the chi square test for categorical data and the Mann Whitney test for non-normally distributed numerical data. The results showed that as many as 16.7% of children aged 24-30 months were underweight. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the incidence of underweight and energy intake, protein intake, and vitamin A intake in children aged 24-30 months in Cakung District, East Jakarta in 2019.
The prevalence of anemia in children in Indonesia, based on data from Indonesia Based Health Research in 2013, was 28.1%. This figure increased from the previous year in 2007 which was only 27.7%. Then it increased again in 2018 at riskesdas showing the figure of 38.5%. Research results Zuffo et al., 2016); Prieto-Patron et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019; Woldie, Kebede and Tariku, 2015; Konstantyner, Roma Oliveira and De Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei, 2012 showed that the group at higher risk for anemia was aged 0-23 months. Research in Bali in 2019 also showed the same results that as many as 71% of children under two years of age suffer from anemia, while only 9% of children aged over two years suffer from anemia. For this reason, this research needs to be carried out in order to know the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in under-two in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in under-two in Indonesia and the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in under-two in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from Indonesia Based Health Research 2018. The research design used is cross-sectional with a total of 832 children as respondents. This study also conducted a multivariate test, namely logistic regression, to determine the dominant factor in the incidence of anemia in children under two in Indonesia. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the prevalence of anemia in under-two reaches 54.9%. In this study, children aged 0-11 months [OR 1.770 (1.33-2.34)], nutritional status wasting [OR 1.626 (1.03-2.55)], nutritional status underweight [OR 1.556 (1.05 -2.33)], low maternal education [OR 2.512 (1.39-4.54)], secondary maternal education [OR 1.893(1.07-3.32)], and rural area of residence [OR 1.386 (1.05-1.82)] was found to be significantly associated with the incidence of anemia in under-two. The most dominant variable found was the children age. Therefore, it is recommended for health offices in Indonesia to overcome anemia, it is hoped that posyandu and puskesmas can detect anemia in children as early as possible, namely in the age range of 3-5 months, or at least according to the recommendation for the first screening for anemia, namely, at a maximum age of 9-12 month. Also, it is expected to provide adequate and adequate supplementation for both children and pregnant women.
