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Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui apakah trombosit dan kovariat lainnya yaitu jenis kelamin, usia, lama saklt, perdarahan, status gizi, hepatomegali, hematokrit, dan leukosit merupakan prediktor terjadinya renjatan pada pasien demam berdarah dengue (DBD) anak. Desain : kohort retrospektif dcngan analisis survival di dua rumah sakit di Jakarta. Penentuan tilik potong untuk trombosit, leukosit, dan hematokrit berdasarkan lama sakit menggunakan metode receiver operating characleristic (ROC). Nilai diskriminasi model prediksi menggunakun parameter area under curve (AUC). Subyek : Pasien suspek DBD, derajat I-Il, tanpa penyakit penyerta, lama sakit 3-5 hari. Keluaran utama: I-lubungan antara trombosit dengan renjatan dan model prcdiksi renjatan DBD pada awal perawatan dan 24jam perawatan. Hasil : Telah direkrut sebanyak 525 subyek dari catatan medis rumah sakit. Insidens renjatan sebesar 6,l%. Titik potong trombosit awal perawatan dengan lama sakit 3, 4 dan 5 hari musing-masing adalah 81.500/ul, 59.500/ul dan 53.500/ul. Titik potong trombosit 24 jam perawatan dengan lama sakit 4, 5 dan 6 hari masing-masing adalah 59.500/ul, 53.500/ul, dan 45.000/ul. Baik trombosit awal perawatan maupun 24 jam perawatan berhubungan dengan teijadinya renjatan dengan hazard ratio masing-masing sebesar 3,5 (lK95% 1,5-8,4) dan 3,3 (lK95% 1,4-7,5). Nilai diskriminasi trombosit awal perawatan dan 24 jam perawatan musing-masing sebesar 72,3% (IK 95% 63,1-8l,6) dan 67,'7% (IK 95% 58,2-‘77,3). Trombosit bersama-sama dengan karakteristik klinis rumah sakit, perdarahan, status gizi, interaksi lama sakit dengan hematokrit, dan interaksi lama sakit dengan hepatomegali baik pada awal perawatan maupun 24 jam perawatan merupakan prediktor lerjadinya renjatan. Model prediksi pada awal pcrawatan dan 24 jam perawatan mempunyai nilai kalibrasi yang baik dan nilai diskriminasi yang baik dengan AUC sebesar 84,l%; lK95% 77,9-90,3 untuk awal perawatan dan 80,4% (IK 95% 72,4-88,4) untuk 24 jam perawatan. Nilai diskriminasi model prcdiksi ini lebih baik daripada nilai diskriminasi trombosit awal perawatan maupun 24jam perawatan. Kesimpulan dan saran: Trombosit merupakan prediktor terjadinya renjatan pada DBD anak akan letapi penggunaan trombosit sebagai prediktor renjatan akan lebih balk jika digunakan bcrsama-sama dengan parameter Iainnya yaitu perdarahan, status gizi, hepatomegali, dan hematokrit. Saran: Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui reproducibilizjv dan rransporrability model prediksi renjatan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini.
Purpose: to investigate whether thrombocyte and other covariate such as sex, age, time before admission, bleeding, nutritional status, hepatomegali, haematocrit, and leukocyte, can be used to predict shock at children with dengue hemorrhagic fever (Di-IF). Design: Retrospective cohort with survival analysis. Cit off point for thrombocyte, leukocyte. and haematocrit according to day of sick were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Magnitude of discrimination was assessed by area under curve (AUC). Subject: Children suspected with DH F, grade l and II at admission. Main outcome: to know association between thrombocyte with shock and to know prediction model to predict shock at admission and 24 hours after admission. Result: There were 525 subjects. Incident of shock was 6.l%. Cut off point for thrombocyte according to long of sick at 3, 4 and 5 day were 81.500/ul, 59.500/ul and 53,500/ul respectively. Cut olT point for thrombocyle at 24 hours aller admission ut 4, S, and 6 day were 59.500/ul, 53,500/ul, and 45,000/ul respectively. Both thrombocyte at admission and 24 hours after admission had association with shock with hazard ratio 3.5 (95%Cl l.5-8.4) and 3.3 (95Cl% i.4-7.5) respectively with magnitude of discrimination were 72.3% (95Cl% 63.1-8l.6) and 67.7% (95%Cl 58.2-77.3) respectively. Thrombocyte together with clinical characteristic of hospital, bleeding, nutritional status,interaction between time before admission and hepatomegali, interaction between time before admission and haematocrit were significant variables to include in to the prediction model for shock both for admission and 24 hours after. These models had good calibration and discrimination with magnitude of discrimination were 84.l%; lK95% 77.9-90.3 and 80.4% (95%Cl 72.4-88.4) respectively. Discrimination of tlicse models was higher than discrimination of thrombocyte alone. Conclusion: Thrombocyte is a predictor of shock but using prediction models consist of thrombocyte and other variables such as bleeding, nutritional status, hepatomegali, haematocrit is better to predict shock than thrombocyte alone. Suggestion: To conduct further research to investigate reproducibility and transportability of these prediction models.
Treatment default is a serious problem in tuberculosis control because itimplies resistance, increased relaps, failure, persistence of infectious source andfurther increased burden and transmission tuberculosis. Scoring system of defaultrisk factors to predict survival patients have been not studied yet, particularly inIndonesia. The aim of this study to determine the predictors scouring system ofsurvival defaulting treatment for tuberculosis patients.This retrospective cohort study was conducted from April to Mei 2013 atpoli DOTS RSUP Persahabatan. were identified from TB 01 forms and medicalrecords. Patients defaulting from treatment were considered as event and thosecure and completing treatment as censors. 370 tuberculosis patients wereincluded, 70 events and 300 censors. Overall patients survival rate was 81%.Survival defaulting associated significanly to sex, smear diagnosis and taking drugaccording to guideline with p value are 0,043, 0,008, 0,0001 respectively, found tobe risk factors for survival defaulting HR 1,7 (95%CI:1,02-2,99), HR 1,9;(95%CI:1,18-3.05), dan HR 32,7 (95%CI:14,78-72,18) respectively. IncreasingHR of taking drug according to guideline followed with increased alteration oftime observation. Scoring results are obtained predicting survival patientsdefaulting by 92%, and a cut-off point for the scoring model is ≥21.Communication, information and education must be increased das well asincreased internal and external hospital linkage to decrease default outcome.Keywords: tuberculosis, default, survival, scouring
Proporsi ketidakpatuhan penderita Tb paru berobat di beberapa daerah di Indonesia, angkanya bervariasi dan umumnya masih tinggi mulai dari 30 % sampai dengan 65 %. Kepatuhan berobat sangat penting karena berhubungan dengan resistensi. Di Kota Padang Propinsi Sumatera Barat penderita Tb paru dengan pengobatan kategori 1, tidak patuh berobat sebesar 38,88 %, sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya resistensi masih cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi penderita terhadap peran pengawas menelan obat dengan kepatuhan penderita Tb paru berobat di kota Padang tahun 2001. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam waktu satu setengah bulan dengan menggunakan data primer.Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Sampelnya adalah sebagian atau seluruh penderita tuberkulosis paru berumur 15 tahun atau lebih yang berobat ke Puskesmas di Kota Padang dari 1 Januari 2001 s/d 31 Desember 2001 yang memdapat obat anti tuberkulosis (OAT) kategori I. Jumlah sampel sebesar 260 responden, yang terdiri dari 130 responden sebagai kasus dan 130 responden sebagai kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas penderita Tb paru BTA positif yang tidak patuh berobat terpapar oleh aktivitas PMO kurang baik 18,95 kali lebih besar, dibandingkan dengan probabilitas penderita Tb paru BTA positif yang terpapar dengan aktivitas PMO baik, setelah dikontrol oleh penghasilan keluarga dan pengetahuan penderita.Pengukuran dampak potensial memberikan informasi adanya kantribusi aktivitas PMO kurang baik terhadap terjadinya ketidakpatuhan penderita Tb paru BTA positif berobat di Kota Padang sebesar 81,46 %.Penelitian ini menyarankan kepada pengelola program perlu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan motivasi pengawas menelan obat, agar dalam melaksanakan tugas pengawasannya berjalan secara aktif. Meningkatkan pengetahuan penderita mengenai penyakit Tb paru serta akibat bila tidak patuh berobat. Dan perlu di teliti lebih lanjut terhadap variabel jenis PMO dan pekerjaan serta penghasilan keluarga dengan sampel yang lebih besar.
The Relationship of the Perception of Tb Patients on the Role of Treatment Observer and Compliance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Padang, 2001The proportion of tuberculosis patients who does not take treatment regularly in Indonesia varies with areas, with the number ranging from 30 to 65%. Regularity in taking treatment is very crucial because it relates to drug resistance. In Padang, West Sumatra, category I tuberculosis sufferers who do not take treatment regularly is 38, 88%. Hence, the possibility of resistance is still high. The objective of the research is to study the perception relationship between the role of drug intake supervisors (DIS) or treatment observer and compliance of pulmonary tuberculosis patient attending the treatment in Padang in 2001. This study was conducted during a month and a half period using primary data.The design used is case-control study. Its sample consists of all pulmonary TB patient age 15 or above who take treatment at public health centers in Padang from January 1 to December 31, 2001. All of TB patient received-category I anti-tuberculosis drugs. The size of the sample is 260; the respondents consist of 130 as cases and another 130 as controls. The study found that the probability of positive sputum acid fast bacilli (category I) pulmonary TB patient who do not take treatment regularly under insufficient supervision of drug intake supervisors (DIS) is 18.95 times higher than the probability of category I pulmonary TB patients who do not take treatment regularly under sufficient supervision of drug intake supervisors (DIS), after improvement of family income and knowledge level of TB patients.As a conclusion, potential impact measurement provide information that insufficient activities of drug intake supervisors contribute to the irregularity of category I pulmonary TB patients in taking treatment in Padang of 81.46%.It is recommended to all program directors to improve knowledge and motivation of treatment observer and compliant in order to increase effectiveness of their supervisory duties. In addition, they should also improve knowledge of pulmonary TB patients and communicate negative impacts of not taking treatment regularly. And research of this kind should be expanded in the future, especially that relates to drug intake supervisors types, jobs, and family income, with bigger samples.
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