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Selama penerbangan terjadi perubahan lingkungan hidup seiring ketinggian dari pesawat tersebut. Berbagai fenomena alam akan muncul sebagai sumber potensi bahaya yang berisiko merugikan manusia, khususnya penumpang pesawat. Tim kesehatan PT. GAH adalah dokter dan paramedik yang melakukan pelayanan kesehatan dalam pesawat King Air 200 yang disebut sebagai ambulans udara. Cedera, penyakit akibat kerja, dan penurunan kualitas kerja dapat dialami oleh tim kesehatan oleh karena terpajan dengan bahaya akibat perubahan lingkungan. Meskipun King Air 200 merupakan pesawat bertekanan, bahaya dan risiko akibat perubahan lingkungan tetap mengancam tim kesehatan PT. GAH. Penelitian ini melakukan apa yang selama ini belum dilakukan oleh PT. GAH, yaitu identifikasi bahaya, analisis risiko kualitatif, dan penilaian risiko. Identifikasi bahaya dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan studi pustaka terkait bahaya terhadap manusia yang berpotensi muncul dalam misi evakuasi medik ambulans udara. Analisis kualitatif risiko menjadi proses untuk mengembangkan pengertian tentang risiko terhadap konsekuensi (consequency/severity) dan kemungkinan (probability/likelihood). Tujuan analisis tersebut adalah risiko dapat dievaluasi dan ditemukan metode pengendaliannya. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan masukan kepada PT. GAH terkait aspek K3 dari tim kesehatan ambulans udara King Air 200 mereka. Kata kunci: Bahaya akibat perubahan lingkungan selama penerbangan, tim kesehatan, ambulans udara King Air 200, identifikasi bahaya, analisis risiko kualitatif, K3, pengendalian risiko.
During the flight, there are changes of living environment along with increase of aircraft altitude. Some natural phenomena will occur as hazards that could harm human being. Aeromedical team of PT. GAH is doctors and paramedics who perform medical service in King Air 200 air ambulance. Injury, occupational illness, and decrease of performance could be experienced by the aeromedical team due to the environmental changes. Even though King Air 200 is a pressurized aircraft, the environmental changes still a threat to the aeromedical team. This study performs what has not been done before in PT. GAH, which is hazard identification, qualitative risk analysis, and risk assessment. Hazard identification is done by conducting observation of aeromedical evacuation process and literature review in regards to hazards possibly occurred within King Air 200 ambulance flight. Qualitative risk analysis has become the steps to develop insight of consequence/severity and probability/likelihood of risk. It is to find a method that could control the risks itself. By this study, researcher could provide advises and recommedation for aeromedical team of PT. GAH in regards to Occupational Health and safety aspect. Keywords: Environmental changes hazard in flight, aeromedcial team, King Air 200 Air Ambulance, hazard identification, qualitative risk analysis, occupational health and safety.
Banyak tindakan tidak aman yang dilakukan penumpang merupakan wujud nyata dari persepsi penumpang. Oleh karena dengan diketahuinya persepsi tentang risiko keselamatan penerbangan oleh penumpang maka diharapkan dapat mengurangi risiko buruk terhadap penumpang selama melakukan penerbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran persepsi penumpang tentang risiko keselamatan penerbangan berdasarkan maskapai penerbangan, Jenis pekerjaan, dan tingkat pendidikan serta mengetahui profit konsep locus of control dan self efficacy dihubungkan dengan persepsi penumpang tentang risiko keselamatan penerbangan. Desain penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 174 orang yang diambii dari Terminal I A, 1B, 1 C dan 2F di Bandara Soekarno Hatta. Dari basil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa self efficacy dan maskapai penerbangan mempengaruhi persepsi penumpang tentang risiko keselamatan penerbangan. Dimana, rata-rata responden memiliki persepsi yang baik tentang risiko keselamatan penerbangan dan self efficacy mcmberikan pengaruh positif terhadap persepsi penumpang tentang risiko keselamatan penerbangan. Selain itu juga terdapat perbedaan persepsi tentang risiko berdasarkan maskapai penerbangan. Dimana rata-rata responden Garuda Indonesia memiliki persepsi yang baik tentang risiko keselamatan penerbangan dibandingkan rata-rata responden dari maskapai penerbangan lain. Disarankan bagi PT (Persero) Angkasa Pura II selaku badan pengelola bandara dan Airline untuk tetap mempertahankan sistem kontrol keselamatan yang tegas sesuai dengan regulasi yang berlaku, meningkatkan safety induction di bandara dan sosialisasi tentang keselamatan penerbangan untuk meningkatkan awareness penumpang terhadap keselamatan penerbangan. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, lebih difokuskan pada konteks sosial, budaya, dan proses organisasi.
Recently, there are so many unsafe acts of passenger which is a reflection of individual perception. So that, passengers are expected having good risk perception to decrease risk during flight. The main objective of this research is to describe passenger's risk perception by commercial fiight/Airline_ The risk perception -is associated with Airline, occupation, education, based on the locus of control and the self efficacy. Research design is descriptive and analytic with cross sectional approach_ Sample for this research are 174 passengers from Terminal IA, 1 B, 1 C and 2F at Soekamo Nana Airport. As a conclusion, passenger's risk perceptions are contributed by self efficacy and Airline. Generally, passengers having good risk perception and self efficacy positively contributes to passenger's risk perception. Average of Garuda Indonesia's Respondents has the biggest percentage of good risk perception than the other respondent from different Airline. It is recommended that PT (Persero) Angkasa Pura II and the Airline should be keep tightly of safety control regulation, increasing safety induction and socialize about safety aviation to passengers, and increasing the passenger's awareness about safety in aviation. Future research into risk perception of passenger in aviation will need to be focused on contexts of social, culture, and organizational processes.
Cook and assistant cook are at high risk of work accidents. This research was conducted with the aim of seeing how the safety factors of the cooks and assistant cooks in the Aerofood Angkasa Citra Sarana Flight Catering Jakarta food management in 2012. After getting the data observed factors are then compared with the Kepmenaker no. 217 yr 2009, Kepmenkes No. 715 yr 2003, Permenkes RI no. 1096 yr 2011 pasal 5, UU No.13 tahun 2003, and OSHA 2010 (Youth Worker Safety in Restaurant). The survey results revealed that some points of safety factors of cooks and assistant cooks Aerofood ACS are met, such as the conditions of ventilation, lighting, cooks and assistant cooks’s knowledge, condition of equipment and machinery, as well as first aid procedures. Environmental hygiene conditions such as floors, walls, and ceilings still not meet the standards. Procedures for recording and reporting the accident is still not performing well. Cook and assistant cook KKNI not have a certificate II and III. Not all cooks and assistant cooks got basic safety training. From the results of this study concluded that the safety factors cooks and assistant cooks still need to be addressed, such as safety training, certification, environmental conditions, and procedures for reporting and recording accidents.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai hubungan profil lipid dengan perilaku gizi, pola makan, asupan nutrisi, gaya hidup, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), Rasio Lpe-Lpa, penggunaan obat, dan faktor diabetes mellitus. Studi kros-seksional, ini melibatkan populasi pilot perusahaan penerbangan PT X Jakarta, yang sedang menjalani Uji Kesehtan Periodik antara tgl. 21 Mai, 2001 sampai dengan 21 Juni, 2001. Data yang berhasil dikumpuikan meliputi, fraksi lipid serum, asupan nutrisi, perilaku gizi, pola makan, gaya hidup, IMT, Rasio Lpe-Lpa, penggunaan beta blocker, diuretika thiazide, dan faktor diabetes mellitus.Hasil : Rata-rata kadar kolesterol total 232.83 + 35.7 mg/dL, kolesterol HDL 39.7 + 2.2. kolesterol LDL 177.4 + 33.8, dan kadar trigliserida 162.8 + 68.3 mg/dL. Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia 39.6 %, hiperkolesterolemia LDL 67.7 %, prevalensi dislipidemia 71,9 %. Rata-rata asupan energi total 1752.5 k.kal (614.5-3575.5), asupan protein 66.1 (9.90-132.8) gr, asupan lemak 632 (7.40-115.3) gr, sedangkan rata-rata asupan karbohidrat, SAFA, MUFA, PUFA, kolesterol dan serat, masing-masing: 2463 (853-545.3) gr, 30.7 (2.6-61,9) gr, 13.5 (1.40-28.6)gr, 7.2 (1-30.3) gr, 245 (0-1594.0) mg, dan 13 (3-66) gr. Subjek memiliki rata-rata IMT 25.5 + 2.7, rasio Lpe-Lpa 0.95 + 0.03. Prevalensi kegemukan 56.3 %, obesitas sentral 38.5 %. Sebagian besar subjek penelitian yaitu sebesar 59.4%, tidak teratur melakukan kegiatan olah-raga, perilaku gizi baik 5.2 % sedangkan perilaku gizi kurang sebesar 41.7%, dan pola makan baik hanya 3.1 %. Dijumpai hubungan bermakna antara rasio Lpe-Lpa dengan kolesterol total dengan p=0.0003, Berdasarkan analisis regresi logistik rasio Lpe-Lpa mempunyai hubungan paling kuat dengan kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL, dan dislipidemia.Kesimpulan : Asupan energi masih dibawah RDA, asupan SAFA tergolong kriteria lebih sebesar 55.2%, asupan serat tergolong rendah 83.3%, aktivitas kurang 63.6%. Terjadi keseimbangan energi positive, terlihat dari persentase kegemukan 56.3%, dan obesitas central 38.5%.
Lipid Profile Among P.T. X Civil Aviation Pilots and The Related Behavioral FactorsThe objective of study to assets the relationship between lipid profile and the nutrition behavior, nutrition intake, body mass index (BM), Waist-Hip circumference Ratio (WHR), life style, dietary pattern, flying stress, beta blacker and thiazide diuretic medication, and diabetes mellitus. This cross sectional study concerning population of PT X air line pilot's were being performed the periodically medical examination, between May 21, 2001 until June 21, 2001. The data had been collected from the level of lipid cerurn, nutrition intake, nutrition behavior, dietary pattern, BMI, WHR, beta blacker and thiazide diuretic medication, diabetes mellitus, flying stress, and life style including of physical activity, smocking and alcohol consumption habits.Results : The mean total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and tryglycerides were 232.8 + 35.7 mg/dL, 177.4 + 33.8 mg/dL, 39.7 + 2.2 mg/dL, and 162.8 + 68.3 mg/dL. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia 39.6%, LDL hypercholesterolemia 67.7 %, and dislipidemia 71.9 %. The median of total energy 1752 kcal, (614.3-575.5), protein intake 66.1 gr (9.90-132.8), the mean carbohydrate intake, fat, SAFA, MUFA, PUFA, cholesterol were 246.7gr (85.7-545.3), 63.2 gr (7.4-115.3), 30.7gr (2.6-61.9), 13.5 gr (1.40-28.6), 7.2gr (1-30.3), and 245 mg (0-1594.0), the mean fiber intake 13 gr (3-66). The mean of BMI and AHR are: 25.5 + 2.7 and 0.95 + 0.03, the prevalence of overweight and obesity 56.3 %, central obesity 38.5 %. Most of the subject had low activity (59.4 %), good nutrition behavior 5.2 % while the less nutrition behavior as many 41.7 %, and good dietary pattern is just 3.1 %. There was significant relationship between WHR and the level of total cholesterol (p O.0003), and based on logistic regression analysis, WHR had strong relationship to total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and dislipidemia.Conclusion : Energy intake were lower compared to RDA, the high SAFA intake 55.2 %, low fiber intake 83.3 %, low activity 63.6 %, and there were positive energy balance exess, and contribute 56.3% obesity and overweight, and 38.5 % central obesity.