Abstrak:

Latar Belakang : Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) hingga saat ini masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, terutama pada daerah perkotaan seperti Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat. Variabel iklim berupa suhu udara, tingkat kelembaban, serta curah hujan diketahui berhubungan dengan perubahan jumlah kasus DBD karena faktor-faktor tersebut memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan aktivitas nyamuk Aedes spp. sebagai vektor penular penyakit. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor iklim yang mencakup suhu udara, kelembaban udara, serta curah hujan terhadap kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat selama periode 2016–2025. Metode : Dalam kajian ini digunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan ekologi time series untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Data yang dipakai merupakan data sekunder berupa jumlah kejadian DBD yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta, sedangkan data terkait iklim seperti suhu udara, kelembaban udara, serta curah hujan bersumber dari NASA POWER. Teknik analisis yang diterapkan meliputi analisis univariat serta bivariat, dengan pengujian korelasi menggunakan Pearson atau Spearman berdasarkan hasil uji normalitas masing-masing variabel. Hasil : Temuan kajian ini memperlihatkan jika keterkaitan antara faktor iklim berupa suhu udara serta kelembaban udara terhadap kejadian DBD lebih dominan pada Lag 1 dibandingkan Lag 2. Hubungan negatif yang signifikan ditemukan pada tahun 2021 serta 2023. Di sisi lain, faktor iklim curah hujan memperlihatkan hubungan yang lebih kuat pada Lag 2 daripada Lag 1.

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Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains one of the major public  health problems in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas such as the Administrative  City of West Jakarta. Climate variables, including air temperature, humidity levels,  and rainfall, are known to be associated with changes in the number of DHF cases  because these factors influence the growth and activity of Aedes spp. mosquitoes  as disease vectors. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between  climate factors, namely air temperature, air humidity, and rainfall, and the incidence  of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the Administrative City of West Jakarta  during the 2016–2025 period. Methods: This study employed a quantitative method  with a time-series ecological design to analyze the research data. The data used  were secondary data consisting of the number of DHF cases obtained from the DKI  Jakarta Provincial Health Office, while climate-related data such as air temperature,  air humidity, and rainfall were sourced from NASA POWER. The analytical  techniques applied included univariate and bivariate analyses, with correlation  testing using Pearson or Spearman methods based on the normality test results of  each variable.Results: The findings of this study indicate that the relationship  between climate factors, specifically air temperature and air humidity, and DHF  incidence was stronger at Lag 1 compared to Lag 2. Significant negative  relationships were identified in 2021 and 2023. Meanwhile, the climate factor of  rainfall demonstrated a stronger relationship at Lag 2 than at Lag 1.

Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah suatu infeksi virus sistemik, yang ditularkan antarmanusia dengan perantaraan nyamuk Aedes. Saat ini, DBD merupakan vector-borne disease dengan tingkat penyebaran tercepat di dunia dan tingkat prevalensi tertinggi di wilayah tropis dan subtropis. Indonesia menempati urutan kedua tertinggi jumlah kasus DBD di antara 30 negara endemis DBD di dunia. Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Provinsi Jawa Barat berkontribusi sebesar 33% dari total kasus DBD di seluruh Indonesia pada periode 1999-2018, sedangkan Provinsi Bengkulu merupakan peringkat terendah jumlah kasus DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor iklim terhadap jumlah kasus DBD di periode 1999-2018.Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi ekologi timetrend dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu kabupaten/kota yang di wilayah administrasinya terdapat stasiun pemantau cuaca Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) dengan seluruh wilayah administrasinya berada di dalam wilayah radius 15km dari titik lokasi stasiun pemantau cuaca BMKG. Kasus DBD tertinggi Kota Bandung dan Kota Bengkulu terjadi di periode Januari-Februari, sedangkan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat terjadi di periode Maret-April-Mei. Curah hujan tertinggi Kota Bandung dan Kota Bengkulu terjadi di periode November-Desember, sedangkan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat terjadi di periode Januari-Februari-Maret. Suhu udara tertinggi Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat dan Kota Bandung terjadi di periode September-Oktober, sedangkan Kota Bengkulu terjadi di periode April-Mei. Kelembaban udara tertinggi Kota Bandung dan Kota Bengkulu terjadi di periode November-Desember, sedangkan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat terjadi di periode Januari-Februari. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (nilai-p<0,05) antara curah hujan dengan kasus DBD pada lag 2 bulan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat (15 tahun), Kota Bandung (13 tahun) dan Kota Bengkulu (3 tahun). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (nilai-p<0,05) antara suhu udara dengan kasus DBD pada lag 2 bulan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat (10 tahun), Kota Bandung (2 tahun) dan Kota Bengkulu (2 tahun). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (nilai-p<0,05) antara kelembaban relatif dengan kasus DBD pada lag 2 bulan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat (13 tahun), Kota Bandung (10 tahun) dan Kota Bengkulu (2 tahun).

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Dengue is a systematic viral infection, which is transmitted between humans by the Aedes mosquito. Currently, dengue is the fastest spreading vector-borne disease in the world and the highest prevalence rate di the tropical and subtropical regions. Indonesia ranks the second highest in dengue cases among 30 dengue endemic countries in the world. DKI Jakarta and West Java Provinces contributed approximately 33% of the total dengue cases throughout Indonesia in the 1999-2018 period, while Bengkulu Province ranks the lowest for the number of dengue cases within the same period. This study aims to find the effects of climate factors to the number of dengue case in 1999-2018 period. Timetrend ecologic study design is conducted in this research. The inclusion criteria for the district or city to be selected as sample study, is that the district or city must have at least one weather station within its administrative area, and that the whole administrative area (100%) of the district or city must be within 15 kilometers radius from the location of the weather station. The highest number of dengue case in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in January-February period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in March-April-May period. The highest rainfall in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in November-December period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in January-February-March period. The highest temperature in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta and Bandung City occurred in September-October period, while in Bengkulu City occurred in April-May period. The highest relative humidity in Bandung City and Bengkulu City occurred in November-December period, while in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta occurred in January-February period. Rainfall is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (15 years), Bandung City (13 years) and Bengkulu City (3 years). Temperature is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (10 years), Bandung City (2 years), and Bengkulu City (2 years). Relative humidity is significantly associated (pvalue<0.05) with the number of dengue case at 2-months lag in the Administrative City of Central Jakarta (13 years), Bandung City (10 years), and Bengkulu City (2 years)

Abstrak: Demam berdarah dengue di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan mengalami fluktuasi selama 5 tahun terakhir dan pada tahun 2016 angka insiden naik lebih dari 3 kali lipat dari tahun sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor iklim (curah hujan, kelembaban, suhu) dan kepadatan penduduk dengan angka insiden DBD. Studi ini merupakan studi ekologi time series dan dianalisis dengan uji korelasi. Data angka insiden DBD diperoleh dari Suku Dinas Kesehatan Jakarta Selatan. Data iklim bulanan diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika Jakarta. Data kepadatan penduduk diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistika DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa suhu dan kepadatan penduduk tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan angka insiden DBD (p > 0,05). Angka insiden DBD memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan curah hujan (r = 0,384 ; p = 0,002), kelembaban (r = 0,496 ; p = 0,000).
Kata kunci: demam berdarah dengue (DBD); iklim

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Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in South Jakarta Administration City was fluctuating during 2012 - 2016 and in 2016 the incidence rate (IR) was more than tripled from the previous year. This study aims to determine the relationship between climatic factors (rainfall, humidity, temperature) and population density with the incidence rate (IR) of DHF. This study is a time series ecology study and was analyzed by correlation test. Incidence rate (IR) data was obtained from the South Jakarta District Health Office. Monthly climate data was obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Department of Jakarta. Population density data was obtained from the Central Statistics Department of DKI Jakarta. The results demonstrate that temperature and population density have no significant correlation with dengue incidence rate (p > 0,05). The incidence rate (IR) had a significant correlation with rainfall (r = 0.384; p = 0.002), humidity (r = 0.496; p = 0,000).
Key words: climate; dengue

Abstrak:

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Abstrak: Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegepty dan Aedes albopictus betina yang terinfeksi virus dengue (DENV). Selama masa pandemi COVID-19, jumlah kasus DBD di dunia internasional maupun nasional mengalami penurunan, begitupun Kota Jakarta Timur. Kendati demikian, Kota Jakarta Timur merupakan kota dengan kasus DBD tertinggi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor iklim dengan jeda waktu 0 (non-time lag), 1 (time lag 1), dan 2 (time lag 2) bulan, kepadatan penduduk, dan angka bebas jentik (ABJ) dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Jakarta Timur pada saat sebelum dan selama masa pandemi COVID-19 tahun 2018-2021. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji beda ≥ 2 rata-rata, uji korelasi, dan analisis spasial. Secara statistik, terdapat perbedaan rata-rata incidence rate (IR) DBD dan ABJ yang signifikan antara tahun 2018-2021 (p = 0,000; p = 0,011). Selain itu uji korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara curah hujan time lag 1 (p = 0,002; r = 0,041) dan time lag 2 (p =0,000; r = 0,651), suhu udara time lag 1 (p = 0,004; r = -0,441), dan time lag 2 (p = 0,001; r = -0,48), serta kelembaban udara non time lag (p = 0,002; r = 0,429), time lag 1 (p = 0,000; r = 0,668), dan time lag 2 (p = 0,000; r = 0,699) dengan kejadian DBD. Secara spasial maupun statistik tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kepadatan penduduk dan ABJ dengan kejadian DBD. Pemetaan tingkat kerawanan kejadian DBD pada saat sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19, menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 kecamatan yang ada di Kota Jakarta Timur, 1 kecamatan mengalami peningkatan tingkat kerawanan menjadi sedang dan 2 kecamatan mengalami penurunan tingkat kerawanan menjadi rendah. Kecamatan Matraman tergolong pada tingkat kerawanan tinggi. Kecamatan Jatinegara, Duren Sawit, Kramatjati, dan Ciracas tergolong pada tingkat kerawanan sedang. 5 Kecamatan lainnya tergolong pada tingkat kerawanan rendah. Adanya perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan pada ABJ dan IR DBD, hubungan antara faktor iklim dengan kejadian DBD, serta tingkat kerawanan yang tinggi pada beberapa wilayah, sebaiknya dijadikan pertimbangan oleh pemerintah setempat untuk meningkatkan upaya pencegahan DBD dan menyusun rencana strategis dalam pengendalian DBD.

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Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with the dengue virus (DENV). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of dengue cases internationally and nationally decreased, as did the City of East Jakarta. Thus, East Jakarta City is the city with the highest dengue cases in DKI Jakarta Province. This study aims to analyze climate factors at time lag of 0 (non-time lag), 1 (time lag 1), and 2 (time lag 2) months, population density, and larva free index (LFI) with the incidence of DHF in the city of Jakarta. East before and during the 2018-2021 COVID-19 pandemic. The data were analyzed using the average difference test, correlation test, and spatial analysis. Statistically, there is a significant difference in the average incidence rate (IR) of DHF and LFI between 2018-2021 (p = 0.000; p = 0.011). In addition, the correlation test showed a significant relationship between rainfall at time lag 1 (p = 0.002; r = 0.041) and time lag 2 (p = 0.000; r = 0.651), air temperature at time lag 1 (p = 0.004; r = -0.441), and time lag 2 (p = 0.001; r = -0.48), as well as non-time lag air humidity (p = 0.002; r = 0.429), time lag 1 (p = 0.000; r = 0.668), and time lag 2 (p = 0.000; r = 0.699) with the incidence of DHF. Spatial and statistically, there was no significant relationship between population density and LFI with the incidence of DHF. Mapping the level of vulnerability to DHF events before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, shows that of the 10 sub-districts in East Jakarta City, 1 sub-district experienced an increase in the level of vulnerability to moderate and 2 sub-districts experienced a decrease in the level of vulnerability to low. Matraman sub-districts are classified as high vulnerability. Jatinegara, Duren Sawit, Kramatjati, and Ciracas sub-districts are classified as moderate vulnerability. The other 5 sub-districts are classified as low vulnerability. The existence of significant differences in the average ABJ and IR of DHF, the relationship between climatic factors and the incidence of DHF, as well as the high level of vulnerability in some areas, should be considered by the local government to increase efforts to prevent DHF and develop a strategic plan in controlling DHF.

Abstrak: Kata kunci: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), Kepadatan Penduduk, Iklim, ABJ, Analisis Spasial.

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Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes who infected with dengue virus. DHF have been affecting more than 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries in the world. Around 1.8 billion (more than 70%) of the population at risk of dengue fever worldwide live in countries of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific Region, including Indonesia. In 2016, DKI Jakarta was assigned the status of outbreak of DHF, with a total of 22,697 cases and an incidence rate (IR) of 220.8 per 100,000 population. West Jakarta is one of the regions with the highest DHF incidence rate compared to other cities in DKI Jakarta. This study aims to determine the spatial analysis of the incidence of dengue in West Jakarta in 2015-2019 by considering several factors such as demographics, climate, and larval free index. This study uses an ecological study with a spatial analysis approach and correlation analysis to see the strength of the relationship between the incidence of DHF with factors of population density, climate, and larvae free index. Spatially the incidence of DHF tends to occur in areas with high density and low larvae free index. Statistically, correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between population density, air humidity, and rainfall with the incidence of DHF. Meanwhile, there is no significant correlation between the air temperature and larvae free index with the incidence of DHF in West Jakarta. Result shows that from 56 urban villages in West Jakarta, there are 53 urban villages that are categorized as high vulnerability, and 3 urban villages categorized as medium vulnerability. The high problem of dengue cases in West Jakarta makes the authorities should increase efforts or planning and optimize community empowerment in eradicating dengue cases. Keywords: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Population Density, Climate, Larvae Free Index, Spatial Analysis.