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Prevalensi diabetes melitus mengalami tren meningkat, baik di tingkat global maupun di
Indonesia. Prevalensi DM berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah di Indonesia meningkat dari tahun 2013 (6,9%), 2018 (10,9%), hingga 2023 (11,7%). DM adalah salah satu penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yang bisa dicegah melalui perubahan gaya hidup, salah satunya adalah aktivitas fisik, yang menjadi kunci dalam pencegahan dan pengurangan beban PTM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian DM pada penduduk usia 15 tahun ke atas di Indonesia pada tahun 2023, dengan distratifikasi oleh variabel perancu usia, jenis kelamin, status obesitas, tempat tinggal, status pekerjaan, dan status ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 dengan desain studi potong lintang. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat, dan stratifikasi. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, aktivitas fisik berhubungan signifikan dengan DM, dengan aktivitas fisik kurang lebih berpeluang (OR=1,36; 95% CI= 1,23 – 1,51) untuk memiliki DM. Variabel perancu usia, jenis kelamin, status obesitas, dan status pekerjaan berhubungan signifikan dengan DM dan digunakan untuk stratifikasi. Setelah distratifikasi, hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan DM tetap signifikan, tetapi nilai OR berbeda berdasarkan modifikasi efek dari variabel usia dan jenis kelamin. Penduduk usia 40 tahun ke atas (OR=1,52; 95% CI= 1,35 – 1,71) lebih berpeluang untuk memiliki DM jika kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik. Upaya intervensi pengelola program kesehatan perlu difokuskan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan aktivitas fisik dan skrining DM yang komprehensif dengan bekerja sama dengan sektor luar kesehatan dan fokus untuk meningkatkan partisipasi aktivitas fisik pada penduduk berusia 40 tahun ke atas.
There is an upward trend of diabetes mellitus prevalency, both globally and in Indonesia. DM prevalency based on blood glucose examination in Indonesia shows an upward trend, from 2013 (6,9%), 2018 (10,9%), up to 2023 (11,7%). DM is a noncommunicable disease (NCD) that could be prevented by lifestyle change, which one of them is physical activity, a key in NCD prevention and burden reduction. This study aims to identify the association between physical activity and DM in Indonesia’s population aged 15 years and over in 2023, with stratification based on confounding variable age, sex, obesity status, residential area, employment status, and economic status. This study utilizes Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 data with cross-sectional study design. Univariate, bivariate, and stratification analysis were conducted. Based on bivariate analysis, physical activity is significantly associated with DM, with the less active group having higher odds (OR=1,36; 95% CI= 1,23 – 1,51) for developing DM. Confounding variables age, sex, obesity status, and employment status significantly associated with DM and will be used in stratification. After stratification, the association between physical activity and DM hold its significance, but the OR differs based on effect modification by age and sex variables. Population aged 40 years and over (OR=1,52; 95% CI= 1,35 – 1,71) higher odds to develop DM if they’re physically inactive. Interventions effort made by health program organizer needs to be focused on designing and implementing comprehensive physical activity and DM screening policy with partners outside the health sectors and focusing on increasing participation in physical activity among population aged 40 years and over.
Kata kunci :Hipertensi, aktivitas fisik, cross sectional, cox regression, IFLS 5.
Hypertension is the leading causes for prematur death worldwide. Globally, WHOreported about nearly one billion people living with hypertension and it is estimated thatthis number will escalate to more than 1,5 billion by the year 2025. Insufficient physicalactivity is one of the modifiable risk factors for hypertension, which is not required greateffort and cost. In 2013, the prevalence of hypertension among Indonesian adults was25,8% and the proportion of insufficient physical activity was 26,1%. This study aims toknow the prevalence of hypertension, the proportion of insufficient physical activity andalso its relationship among the Indonesian adults based on IFLS 5 data in 2014. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 26.043 respondents in IFLS 5 aged 18 years andabove. The JNC-7 guidelines used to defined hypertension (if systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg), whereas physical activity measured by thehabit of performing physical activity for at least 10 minutes a week. Statistical test onbivariate and multivariate analysis using cox regression. The prevalence of hypertensionwas 24,09% and the proportion of insufficient physical activity was 35,68%. Statisticaltest shown there was a significant relationship between physical activity and hypertension(P value 0,000), people with insufficient physical activity at risk 1,15 times havinghypertension than those with active physical activity (PR: 1,15; 95 % CI: 1,09-1,21).Adults should do at least 30 minutes walking everyday, province/district health officeneeds to use social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc, in order to promotingthe benefit of physical activity.
Keywords :Hypertension, physical activity, cross sectional, cox regression, IFLS 5.
