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Toddlers are a population susceptible to PM 2.5 in the air due to the immune system thatis not perfect and the airway is still narrow. PM 2.5 can enter up to the pulmonary alveoliand weaken the respiratory system of the respiratory tract causing pneumonia. Thenumber of pneumonia in Kabupaten Kubu Ra ya, West Kalimantan is still quite high withthe highest number of cases in Sungai Raya District. The purpose of this study was todetermine the relationship between PM 2.5 in air space with the incidence of pneumoniain infants. The research method used is case control. A total sample of 120 samplesconsisting of 60 cases and 60 controls. The results showed that there were four variablesrelated to pneumonia in toddlers namely PM 2.5 in space air, occupancy density, kitchenventilation, and lighting. PM 2.5 in space air is associated with pneumonia in toddlersafter controlled with variables of kitchen ventilation, temperature, lighting, use ofmosquito coils, density, and the habit of opening windows with ORs of 13,596.Key words:pneumonia, toddler, PM 2.5, indoor air pollution.
Masalah utama rendahnya pemberian ASI di Indonesia dikarenakan rendahnya pengetahuan dan perilaku ibu serta kurangnya dukungan dari suami dan keluarga. Pendidikan kesehatan dengan pendampingan suami pada ibu hamil diharapkan akan lebih dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku pemberian ASI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kelas edukasi dengan pendampingan suami terhadap pengetahuan dan praktek pemberian ASI yang diadakan oleh Asosiasi Ibu Menyusui Indonesia Pusat di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian menggunakan quasy experimental dengan rancangan non-randomized control group pretest posttest design. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap ibu hamil yang mengikuti kelas edukasi, terbagi menjadi 33 ibu dengan pendampingan suami sebagai perlakuan dan 33 ibu tanpa pendampingan suami sebagai kontrol. Pengetahuan diukur dengan pretest dan segera setelah kelas edukasi (post test 1) sedangkan praktek diukur satu tahun setelah kelas edukasi (post test 2). Untuk mengetahui hubungan kelas edukasi dengan pengetahuan digunakan Uji McNemar. Untuk melihat hubungan kelas edukasi dengan praktek digunakan uji Chi-square. Analisis Multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Kelas edukasi berhubungan secara bermakna dengan pengetahuan baik pada kelompok perlakuan(p=0,006) maupun kontrol(p=0,045) Hubungan juga bermakna pada kelas edukasi dengan praktek pemberian ASI(p=0,000). Hasil dari analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa kelas edukasi dengan pendampingan suami merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap praktek pemberian ASI(p=0,000) dengan OR 3,8. Kelas Edukasi dengan pendampingan suami lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan dan praktek pemberian ASI dibandingkan kelas edukasi tanpa pendampingan suami.
The main problem lack of breastfeeding in Indonesia due to lack of knowledge and behavior of the mother as well as a lack of support from her husband and family. Health education, accompanied by husband in pregnant women are expected to be able to increase the knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of education class accompanied by husband on knowledge and practice of breastfeeding in pregnant women organized by AIMI in DKI Jakarta. This study was a quasi experimental research using non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Research conducted on pregnant women who take class education, divided into 33 mothers with accompanied by husband as treatments and 33 mothers with no accompanied by husband as a control. Knowledge is measured by pretest and immediately after class education (post-test 1) while practices were measured one year after (post-test 2). To determine the relationship of education class with knowledge used McNemar test. Chi-square test was used to determine relationship betwen education class with practice. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Education class was significantly associated with better knowledge of the treatment group (p = 0.006) and controls (p = 0.045) were also significant in relationship education class with breastfeeding practices (p = 0.000). Results of multivariate analysis showed that education class accompanied by husband is the most influential ones on breastfeeding practices (p = 0.000) with OR 3.8. Education class with accompanied by husband further enhance the knowledge and practice of breastfeeding compared with no husband accompanied.
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas kesiapan puskesmas di Kabupaten Ketapang dalam menyongsongImplementasi Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional 2014 nanti. Penelitian ini adalahpenelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional dilengkapi dengan wawancara.Dari hasil analisis variabel penelitian didapatkan bahwa tidak ada puskesmas yangsiap dilihat dari dimensi utilisasi dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitimenyarankan agar Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ketapang menambah sumber dayapuskesmas seperti tenaga kesehatan inti yaitu dokter, dokter gigi, perawat, dan bidan;juga peralatan dan obat pelayanan kesehatan dasar; dengan melakukan advokasi kepemerintah daerah untuk menambah anggaran kesehatan.
ABSTRACT
Readiness in order to facing the implementation of the National Health Insurance2014. This study was a quantitative research with cross sectional design featuresinterview with key informants. From the analysis of the study variables mentionedthat no primary health care is ready viewed from the dimensions of utilization andquality of health services. Researchers suggested that the health departement inKetapang Regency to adds resources center specially for the core professional suchas doctors, dentists, nurses, and midwives; other things is also for equipment andprimary health care medicines; by advocating to local governments for increase thehealth budget.