Abstrak: Pajanan kronis benzena di lingkungan kerja selalu dihubungkan dengan gangguanhematologi. Hal ini dikarenakan sistem hematologi adalah jaringan target yangpaling kritis terhadap pajanan benzena melalui rute inhalasi dan diketahui sebagaipenyebab pansitopenia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubunganantara kadar S-PMA urin dengan leukosit pada pekerja industri sepatu informalyang terpajan benzena. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional di enamindustri sepatu informal yang berada di kawasan Cibaduyut dengan jumlah sampel64 pekerja. Sampel urin dan darah diambil pada masing-masing sampel untukmenilai kadar S-PMA urin dan jumlah leukosit. Kadar S-PMA urin diukur denganmenggunakan alat LC-MS/MS dan leukosit diukur menggunakan alat AutomatedHematology Analyzer. Data karakteristik individu diperoleh melalui wawancaralangsung. Konsentrasi benzena di udara menggunakan data sekunder daripenelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubunganyang signifikan antara kadar S-PMA dengan leukosit (p value: 0,048) dan kadarS-PMA urin dengan jenis pekerjaan (p value: 0,004). Sebanyak 31,3% pekerjamemiliki kadar S-PMA urin melampaui BEI ACGIH (>25 μg/g kreatinin).Semakin tinggi konsentrasi benzena di udara ruang kerja, semakin banyak pekerjayang memiliki kadar S-PMA urin >25 μg/g kreatinin. Hasil uji regresi linearganda menemukan bahwa ada kecenderungan asosiasi antara kadar S-PMA urindengan leukosit, setelah dikontrol dengan variabel jenis pekerjaan, jam kerja perhari, dan kebiasaan berolahraga. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapatasosiasi antara kadar S-PMA urin dengan penurunan jumlah leukosit.Kata kunci: benzena, S-phenylmercapturic acid, leukosit, industri sepatu informal

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Benzene high exposure in working is environment always connected tohematology disorders. This is caused by hematology system is the most criticaltarget network toward benzene exposure through inhaling route. This study aimsto analyze the relation between urinary and leukocytes S-PMA level of informalshoes industrial workers exposed to benzene. This study uses cross sectionaldesign in six informal shoes industries which are located in Cibaduyut with thenumber of sample of 64 workers. Urinary and blood samples are collected on eachsample to measure urinary S-PMA level and the number of leukocytes. Urinary S-PMA level is measured using Automated Hematology Analyzer. Individualcharacteristic data are obtained through direct interview. To measure benzeneconcentration, secondary data of previous study is used. The result of the studyindicates that there is significant correlation between S-PMA level withleukocytes (p value: 0.048) and urinary S-PMA level with the type of job (p value:0.004). By 31.3% workers have urinary S-PMA level more than BEI ACGIH (>25μg/g creatinine). The higher the benzene concentration of indoor air, the moreworkers have urinary S-PMA level > 25 μg/g creatinine. The result of doublelinear regression test finds that there is association tendency between urinary andleukocytes S-PMA level, after it is controlled by type of job, time of work perday, and exercising habit variables. It can be concluded that there is associationbetween urinary S-PMA level and the number of leukocytes decrease.Keywords: benzene, S-phenylmercapturid acid, leukocytes, informal shoesindustries

Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh pemberian makanan sebelum latihan dengan indeks glikemik berbeda terhadap peningkatan laktat sebagai indikator kelelahan atlet. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karateristik responden berdasarkan data demografi (umur), antropometri (berat badan, tinggi badan, IMT, persen lemak tubuh), asupan makan, aktivitas fisik, dan kadar laktat darah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan jenis studi repeated measures design yang melibatkan 1 kelompok subjek berisi 7 orang. Pada perlakuan tahap 1 responden diberikan makanan dengan indeks glikemik rendah 90 menit sebelum latihan, setelah itu ada masa wash out 1 minggu, kemudian tahap kedua diberikan makanan indeks glikemik tinggi 90 menit sebelum latihan. Sebelum makan, 90 menit sesudah makan, dan setelah latihan diukur kadar laktatnya. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara peningkatan kadar laktat pada perlakuan 1 maupun 2 (p> 0,05), namun terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan laktat pada perlakuan 1 cenderung lebih kecil daripada peningkatan laktat pada perlakuan 2. Makanan dengan indeks glikemik rendah dapat dijadikan pilihan sebelum latihan karena terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan laktat menjadi lebih kecil. Diperlukan penelitian selanjutnya untuk mengetahui efek dari indeks glikemik berbeda yang dapat menunjukan adanya perbedaan bermakna. Kata kunci : Kelelahan, kadar laktat, indeks glikemik, atlet, repeated measures design This research, an experimental study aims to identify the effect of pre-exercise meal that contain a different kind of glycemic index toward the blood lactate level as an indicator of fatigue in athlete. The data collected were age, anthropomethry (weight, height, body mass index, percentage of fat), food intake, physical activity, and blood lactate level. This research using repeated mesuares design involving 1 group of 7 male subject who received two different intervention. In the first stage of intervension respondents were given food with a low glycemic index 90 minutes before exercise, then there was a wash out period in one week, after that in the second stage of intervention respondents were given a high glycemic index food 90 minutes before exercise. There was no significant difference between lactate elevated levels in treatment 1 and 2 (p> 0.05), but there was a tendency that increasement of lactate in treatment 1 to be less than lactate increase in treatment 2. Foods with low glycemic index could be used before exercise because there was a tendency to increase lactate level be smaller than intervention 2. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of different glycemic indexes that may indicate significant differences. Keywords : Fatigue, blood lactate level, glycemic index, athlete, repeated measures design