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ABSTRAK Peran kader kesehatan sebagai ujung tombak di bidang kesehatan sudah mulai menurun ditandai dengan pemanfaatan posyandu hanya sebesar 13% dan 14% kategori posyandu Purnama dan Mandiri . Sehingga dilakukan penelitian untuk analisis hubungan peran kader pada UKBM di posyandu berdasarkan 2 (dua) kriteria yakni kriteria kontekstual kelurahan dan kriteria Malcolm Baldrige, untuk mendapatkan dari sisi mana dari keduanya yang dapat mempercepat peningkatan peran kader kesehatan. Penelitian dengan 159 kader dari 32 posyandu. Uji yang digunakan dengan Chi Square untuk melihat hubungan yang ada pada 7 (tujuh) kriteria kontekstual kelurahan dan 7 (tujuh) kriteria Malcolm Baldrige. Kemudian Analisis Regresi Linier Ganda digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara satu variabel dengan beberapa variabel terkait sesuai dengan tujuan dan kerangka konsep. Hasilnya, dari beberapa uji hubungan antara tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dengan tingkat kematangan masyarakat, tingkat kematangan dengan tingkat kendali masyarakat, tingkat kendali masyarakat dengan kader sebagai agent of changes, kader sebagai agent of changes dengan motif keberdayaan, motif keberdayaan dengan kepemilikan masyarakat dalam upaya pembangunan, kesemuanya memiliki hubungan yang signifikan antara kedua variabel. Sedangkan variabel keterlibatan berbagai stakeholders memiliki hubungan yang signifikan atas tingkat partisipasi, peran kader sebagai agent of changes, kepemilikan masyarakat dalam upaya pembangunan, dan tingkat kematangan keberdayaan. Pada kriteria Malcolm Baldrige ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kepemimpinan dengan rencana strategis dan desain program sesuai kebutuhan. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Kepemimpinan, desain program sesuai kebutuhan, manajemen pelayanan dan kapasitas SDM dengan fokus pada hasil. Peningkatan peran kader pada UKBM dalam program gizi dan KIA diperlukan pembenahan Pokja (kelompok Kerja) yang telah dibentuk untuk lebih mempertegas kembali tugas pokok dan fungsi lintas sektor terkait, sehingga dapat terlaksana dengan baik peran kader kesehatan dalam program gizi dan KIA.
ABSTRACT The role of health as a vanguard cadre of health has begun to decline marked by posyandu utilization of only 13% and 14% posyandu Purnama and Mandiri categories. So the research on the analysis of the role of volunteers in UKBM in posyandu by 2 (two) criteria and the criteria of contextual urban Malcolm Baldrige criteria, to get from which side of the two that can accelerate the increase in the role of health cadres. Study with 159 volunteers from 32 posyandu. Test used by Chi Square to see the relationships that exist in the 7 (seven) villages contextual criteria and 7 (seven) Malcolm Baldrige criteria. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis then used to examine the relationship between the variables associated with some variables in accordance with the objectives and conceptual framework. The result, of some of the test the relationship between the level of community participation with the maturity level, the level of maturity to the level of community control, level control society as an agent of changes cadres, cadres as the motive agent of changes to the empowerment, empowerment motif with local ownership in development, all of which have a significant relationship between the two variables. While the involvement of various stakeholders variables have a significant relationship on the level of participation, the role of volunteers as agents of changes, the ownership of development efforts, and the maturity level of empowerment. In the Malcolm Baldrige criteria no significant relationship between leadership and strategic planning and program design as needed. There is a significant relationship between leadership, program design as needed, service management and capacity building with a focus on results. Enhancing the role of volunteers in UKBM nutrition and MCH programs needed revamping Working Group (working group) which has been formed to further reaffirm the basic tasks and functions across relevant sectors, so that they can perform well in the role of health cadres nutrition and MCH programs.
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini mengenai kajian Upaya Kesehatan Bersumber Daya Masyarakat( UKBM ) yang ada di Wilayah Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat Tahun 2013.Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancaramendalam dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada kelompok pengguna danpengelola UKBM. Pengembangan RW Siaga merupakan pengembangan UKBM,RW Siaga merupakan wadah dimana UKBM berada. Pembiayaan UKBMmendapatkan dukungan dari APBD Provinsi DKI Jakarta. SDM yang terlibatdalam UKBM dalam segi kualitas sudah mencukupi namun dari segi kuantitasmasih kurang. Arah kebijakan penyusunan perencanaan semakin mendukungupaya preventif dan promotif kesehatan dengan mengacu pada Indikator KinerjaProgram (outcome) dan Kegiatan (output). Dari segi manajemen pelaksanaanUKBM dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tugas dan peran masing-masing lembaga yangterlibat dalam UKBM, namun perlu peningkatan koordinasi antar lembaga.Partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan UKBM masih tinggi. Upayakemitraan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat terlaksana dengan baik. Kesimpulannyadengan Program Kartu Jakarta Sehat (KJS) yang memberikan kemudahan bagimasyarakat untuk memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan gratis, namun UKBM sebagaiupaya preventif dan promotif kesehatan masih tetap dilaksanakan dengan baik.
ABSTRACT
This thesis is a study upon Public Health Efforts or known as Upaya KesehatanBersumber Daya Masyarakat (UKBM) in Indonesia. Geographically it focuses onthe condition in the administration of Central Jakarta Region in 2013.The research takes a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews andFocus Group Discussions (FGD) with UKBM users and administrators. Thedevelopment of “RW Siaga” is the expansion of UKBM. RW Siaga is the livingfield form UKBM. UKBM receives it’s funding from the DKI Jakarta ProvincialBudget, or APBD. The human resource involved in UKBM is deemed adequate inquality but insufficient in quantity.The direction of future regulations continue to focus on promoting health, andpreventive health which refers to the Program Performance Indicator, divided intoProgram (outcome) and Activity (Output). UKBM’s management system iscatered to the tasks and role of each body involved, this must be followed bybuilding good coordination among these bodies.Public participation in UKBM is still very high. Partnership chances and publicempowerment is maintained and has been executed well.In conclusion, the Jakarta Health Card or Kartu Jakarta Sehat (KJS) which haseased public health service by providing free healthcare for residents. However, asa program that supports preventive health and promotes health, UKBM is stillconducted well in the society.
The Health Service as a Regional Apparatus Organization (RAO) is responsible for the health sector to achieve Minimum Service Standard (SPM) indicators every year. To meet the current increasing need for public health services, the Health Service can continue to improve its performance both in terms of human resources and organizational factors. Employee behavior is one of the factors that supports organizational success, both seen from employee knowledge and attitudes towards achieving SPM. Organizational readiness is one tool that Malcolm Baldrige can use Assessments include: leadership; planning strategy; customer focused; assessment, analysis, and knowledge management; focus on workers; management process; and result. The research was conducted to see a picture of the relationship between employee behavior and organizational factors and the performance of achieving minimum service standards. Quantitative research method, cross-sectional design, by filling out a questionnaire using Google Form by 232 respondents (employees). The research results show that all independent variables have a significant relationship with SPM performance. Measurement variables, Analysis, Management Knowledge bivariate (p = 0.0001; OR = 46.12; 95% CI = 21.29 – 99.91) and multivariate (p = 0.0001; OR = 8.288; 95% CI ) is the dominant variable related to the performance of the Sibolga City Health Office. Malcolm Baldrige's total criteria score on the performance results of the Sibolga Health Service obtained results at the Excellent level in the Benchamark Leader position.
Data infant mortality in the city of Bogor has increased from 26 to 62 cases in2013. IHC is one of one of the containers in a society that runs the health programwhere one of his goals is to carry out activities to accelerate the reduction inmaternal and infant mortality. Problems on the Posyandu in Bogor is the numberof active cadres who continued to decline then regeneration for their own cadresless than the maximum, not the functioning of working groups and PokjanalPosyandu. Report the results of the calculation of infant mortality in 2013 and2014 found that more than half (55% and 52.7%) Posyandu whose jurisdictionexperienced cases of infant mortality is Posyandu Pratama and middle level ofdevelopment. This study wanted to see how the effectiveness UKBM Posyanduthrough leadership factors (communication, competence), the functions ofmanagement (planning, organizing, implementation and control) and workingenvironment (support system, the availability of supporting infrastructure andincentives). This study uses the unit of analysis is the Posyandu and as chairmanof the cadre's respondents were 70 Posyandu. The design of the study using crosssectional quantitative methods. Correlation regression test used to see therelationship between leadership, management functions and working environmenton the effectiveness of the Posyandu. Multiple linear regression analysis was usedto look at the factors which most determine the effectiveness of the Posyandu. Theanalysis shows that there is a correlation between leadership (communications),management functions (planning, organizing, implementation and control) andworking environment (support system, the availability of supporting infrastructureand incentives) on the effectiveness of Posyandu. Patterned positive relationshipmeans the better the leadership factor (communications), management functions(planning, organizing, implementation and control) and working environment(support system, the availability of supporting infrastructure and incentives) moreeffective Posyandu. There is no correlation between leadership (competence) onthe effectiveness of Posyandu. Determinants of the efectiveness of Posyandu isorganising and controlling. Improved organization and control interventions willimprove the effectiveness of Posyandu.Keywords : Effectiveness Posyandu, Leadership (communication,competence), the functions of management (planning, organizing,implementation and control) and working environment (supportsystem, the availability of supporting infrastructure and incentives),interconnected
Ditinjau dengan pendekatan Malcolm Baldrige, FKTP percontohan dapat dianalisis faktor-faktor yang menghantarkannya sebagai pemenang, hasilmenunjukkan bahwa enam variabel independen dari tujuh kriteria Malcolm Baldrige,yaitu kepemimpinan, perencanaan strategis, fokus pada pelanggan dan pasar, sisteminformasi manajemen, fokus pada staf dan fokus pada proses, memiliki hubungan denganvariabel dependen yaitu hasil kinerja organisasi.
Studi kualitatif penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa masing-masing kategori FKTP yaitu Klinik Pratama, Dokter PraktekPerorangan, Puskesmas dan klinik TNI/POLRI memiliki keunggulannya masing-masingditinjau dari Kriteria Malcolm Baldrige, hal ini merupakan sebuah bahan rekomendasisekaligus evaluasi bagi penyelenggara Jaminan Kesehatan (BPJS-Kesehatan) danregulator sistem kesehatan (Kemkes) agar membenahi FKTP yang ada dan menciptakanFKTP yang ideal di seluruh Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: FKTP, BPJS-Kesehatan, Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer, Dokter LayananPrimer, Malcolm Baldrige
Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP), ideally be the gatekeepers on healthsystems in all states, including in Indonesia. effective efforts to quality control and costcontrol should be done since patients do the first contact with health services in PrimaryHealth care. BPJS- Kesehatan strives to maximize the quality and function of the primaryservice on the whole FKTP of various categories, as well as motivate FKTP for a race tobe the best, therefore the BPJS-Kesehatan Primary Care Award 2014 was held. BPJS-Kesehatan Primary Care Award 2014 held since April to October 2014, the best FKTP selection process conducted with a selection of tiered approaches starts from the level ofbranch offices, regional division offices to the national level, producing five best nationallevel FKTP, FKTP election results are interesting for research, FKTP as for the examinedFKTP throughout Indonesia.
Reviewed by Malcolm Baldrige approximation, Bestpractices of FKTP can be analyzed by factors that passed it as the winner, the resultsshowed that six of the seven independent variables Malcolm Baldrige, leadership,strategic planning, customer and market focus, information systems management,focusing on staff and focus on the process, have a correlation to the dependent variablei.e. performance results of the organization.
Study of the qualitative research indicatesthat each category of FKTP i.e. the Clinic Pratama, individuals Practice Doctor,PUSKESMAS and clinics TNI/POLRI have respective advantages in terms of MalcolmBaldrige Criteria, this Result is a recommendation and evaluation materials forHealthcare providers (BPJS-Kesehatan) and regulators of health systems (Kemkes) inorder to restructure the existing FKTP and create the ideal FKTP throughout Indonesia.
Key Words : Primary Health Care, BPJS-Kesehatan, Health Practitioner, medical doctor,FKTP, DLP, Malcolm Baldrige
Indonesia teritory geographically is a disaster-prone area. In the event of a disasterthere will usually be certain infectious diseases that arise and have increasedbeyond normal limits in communities affected by the disaster. In the end it can becategorized as a public health emergency. Community is the first to directly dealwith the threat and disaster. Preparedness in community will determines the sizeof the impact of disasters on communities. Indonesia as a developing country haveurban and rural areas that different from the aspect of development, governmentand geography. The potential difference aspects certainly affect the possibility ofdifferences also in terms of community preparedness in the face of public healthemergencies and disasters. The purpose of this study was to determine aboutcommunity preparedness in urban and rural communities in Indonesia, which inthis study took a sample in Kampung Makasar-East Jakarta and Desa Campaka-Cianjur that were selected based on the consideration that the two regions areequally harmful for any problems public health emergencies both in terms ofdisaster as well as an increase in cases of the disease. This study uses acombination of quantitative methods (descriptive analysis data based on anassessment of the preparedness of community that combines elements of DesaSiaga Aktif and Desa Tangguh Bencana) and qualitative methods (in-depthinterviews, review of documents). The results of this study reveal that there areany differences in preparedness in rural and urban communities. In urban areas,the percentage of community preparedness is 62.3%, while in rural areas is 41.3%.Almost all of 20 indicators meet in existence and also vary between rural andurban areas. Points are still lacking is the implementation and performanceindicators were not as expected as it should be. The cause of the most strikingdifference between the results of the structural differences in rural and urbanareas, accessibility, funding and knowledge society. It is necessary for thesupervise of the stakeholders (in this research are health centers, the governmentin rural and urban)Keywords: community preparedness, public health emergency, rural, urban.
Kegiatan posyandu bertujuan memantau pertumbuhan balita dengan indikator pencapaian adalah cakupan penimbangan balita (D/S). Pencapaian D/S tahun 2011 di Kota Padang terendah pada Puskesmas Nanggalo 42,7% dan tertinggi pada Puskesmas Ambacang 96,7%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor kader dan sarana posyandu dengan cakupan penimbangan di posyandu dua puskesmas Kota Padang tahun 2012. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional.
Hasil penelitian rata ? rata D/S tahun 2012 puskesmas 66,01 % dengan proporsi cakupan tinggi 52,4 %. Pendidikan, lama kerja, pengetahuan, pelatihan, persepsi, jumlah kader dan sarana posyandu berhubungan bermakna dengan cakupan penimbangan balita. Perlu pelatihan kader, penambahan jumlah kader dan sarana posyandu.
Posyandu activities aimed at monitoring the growth of underfive children with indicators of achievement is the scope of child's weight (D/ S). Achievement of D / S of Padang in 2011, Nanggalo 42.7% and Ambacang 96.7%. Research purposes to determine the correlation between the cadres and the facilities posyandu to coverage of weighing in posyandu Padang City in 2012. The study design was cross-sectional.
The results the average D/ S in 2012 66,01% and propostion hight coverage of weighing 52,4 %. Education, Length of work, knowledge, training, perception, number of cadres and facilities posyandu significantly associated with coverage of weighting underfive children. Need training of cadres and increasing the number of cadres and facility.
