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Gangguan kepadatan tulang (osteoporosis dan osteopenia) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang pada kelompok usia dewasa (30-55 tahun) di daerah urban dan rural terpilih Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 142 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2012 di Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok sebagai daerah urban dan Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor sebagai daerah rural Provinsi Jawa Barat. Prevalensi gangguan kepadatan tulang dalam penelitian ini sebesar 31,7% (4,2% osteoporosis dan 27,5% osteopenia).
Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan proporsi gangguan kepadatan tulang lebih banyak pada responden yang berusia ≥50 tahun (p-value=0,047) dan yang memiliki IMT <23,49 kg/m2 (p-value=0,003). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden yang memiliki IMT <23,49 kg/m2 akan mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang sebesar 5,5 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang memiliki IMT >27,36 kg/m2 dan responden yang memiliki IMT 23,49-27,36 kg/m2 akan mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang sebesar 2,2 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang memiliki IMT >27,36 kg/m2 setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D dan asupan protein.
Pada penelitian ini, IMT merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D dan asupan protein. Semakin rendah IMT, semakin tinggi risiko gangguan kepadatan tulang.
Bone density disorder (osteoporosis and osteopenia) is a major public health problem caused by multifactor. The purpose of this study was to find out factors related to adult bone density disorder (30-55 years of age) in the selected urban and rural area, West Java Province, 2012. It used cross-sectional method and the sample was 142 respondents. The data was taken on May-June 2012 in Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok as the urban area and Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor as the rural area. Prevalence of bone density disorder in this study was 31,7% (4,2% osteoporosis and 27,5% osteopenia).
Bivariate analysis showed higher proportion of bone density disorder in respondent aged ≥50 years (p-value=0,047) and BMI <23,49 kg/m2 (p-value=0,003). Multivariate analysis verified that respondent with BMI <23,49 kg/m2 will 5,5 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI >27,36 kg/m2 and respondent with BMI 23,49-27,36 kg/m2 will 2,2 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI >27,36 kg/m2 after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable.
In this study, BMI is the most related factor of bone density disorder after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. The lower BMI, the higher risk of bone density disorder.
Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism which became one of themajor risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to identify factorsassociated with dyslipidemia at adult age groups in the city of Depok and CentralLampung regency. The prevalence of dyslipidemia were found to be quite high at48.2% in Depok and 51.8% in Central Lampung regency. The study design wascross-sectional, using research data of the National Strategy in 2011 with 372samples.Body mass index (p = 0,014), central obesity in men (p = 0,008), andcentral obesity in women (p = 0,002) had a significant association withdyslipidemia.Keywords: dyslipidemia, body mass index, central obesity, urban, rural.
Hypertension is a causes the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease andestimated 9.4 million or 95% to become the world's leading cause of deaths. Thisstudy was to identify factors associated with hypertension in adults age groups inselected urban and rural areas. Both of these areas have a high prevalence ofhypertension, which amounted to 34,9% in urban areas and 43,1% in rural areas.Study design was an observational cross-sectional quantitative used the NationalStrategy in 2011 with 361 samples of person. The results showed that 39,9%respondents with hypertensive and 60.7% of respondents are not hypertensive.There were significant association beetwen age, sex, education level,hyperglycemia, fast food consumption and coffee. Institutions are hoped tomotivate hypertension patient to check blood sugar, and provide nutritioneducation and health which are effective and efficient.Keywords: hypertension, urban, rural, and adults
High percentage of body fat indicates that a person obese and have animpact on health, especially the risk of degenerative diseases. Overweight andobesity has become a major nutritional problem that faced not only in developedcountries but also on developing countries.This study aims to determine the factors related to percent body fat in adultin urban and rural selected areas which in this study are Kota Depok and KabupatenLampung. This study using cross sectional study design based on research data ofthe National Strategy on Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in 2011 with asample of 353 adults.The results showed that in general 49.9% in adult population in urban andrural areas have excess body fat percentage, while in the urban area there are 76.8%of the population have excess body fat percentage where the figure is much largerthan the percentage in rural area which is 26.5%. Variables that have a significantrelationship with the percent of body fat are region of residence (urban and rural),gender, level of education, nutrition status by BMI, energy intake, carbohydrateintake, protein intake, and smoking status.Key words: Body fat percentage, urban, rural, obesity.
Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia, dengan konsekuensi serius seperti stroke dan penyakit jantung koroner jika tidak segera ditangani. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, hipertensi semakin banyak terjadi pada dewasa muda, khususnya mereka yang berusia 25-34 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada dewasa muda di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2018 serta tindakan pencegahan melalui pengendalian faktor risiko. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross- sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 1.059 responden usia 25-34 tahun di Jawa Barat. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan seperangkat komputer. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, sebesar 22,7% responden mengalami hipertensi, dengan hipertensi sistolik sebesar 9,8% dan hipertensi diastolik sebesar 20,6%. Responden perempuan memiliki prevalensi hipertensi yang lebih tinggi (27,2%) dibandingkan dengan laki-laki (21,8%). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan signifikan dengan hipertensi meliputi jenis kelamin (p=0,001), indeks massa tubuh (IMT) (p=0,000), dan kebiasaan merokok (p=0,000). Untuk hipertensi sistolik, faktor signifikan adalah IMT (p=0,000), konsumsi makanan tinggi lemak (p=0,002), kebiasaan merokok (p=0,004), dan stres (p=0,024), sedangkan untuk hipertensi diastolik, faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan meliputi jenis kelamin (p=0,000), IMT (p=0,000), asupan natrium (p=0,015), dan kebiasaan merokok (p=0,00). IMT diidentifikasi sebagai faktor dominan. IMT tinggi meningkatkan risiko hipertensi tiga kali lipat (OR=3,003). Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi hipertensi dan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan langkah-langkah pencegahan, seperti pengendalian asupan garam, menjaga IMT, mengurangi konsumsi makanan tinggi lemak, terutama yang ditargetkan pada kelompok dewasa muda.
Hypertension is a major health problem in Indonesia, with serious consequences such as stroke and coronary heart disease if not treated immediately. In recent years, hypertension has been increasingly common in young adults, especially those aged 25-34 years. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the incidence of hypertension in young adults in West Java Province in 2018 and preventive measures through risk factor control. The study design used was cross-sectional with a sample of 1,059 respondents aged 25-34 years in West Java. Data analysis was carried out using a computer set. Based on the results of data analysis, 22.7% of respondents had hypertension, with systolic hypertension of 9.8% and diastolic hypertension of 20.6%. Female respondents had a higher prevalence of hypertension (27.2%) compared to male respondents (21.8%). Factors significantly associated with hypertension included gender (p=0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.000), and smoking habits (p =0.001). For systolic hypertension, significant factors were BMI (p=0.001), high-fat food consumption (p=0.002), smoking habit (p=0.004), and stress (p=0.024), while for diastolic hypertension, significant factors included gender (p=0.000), BMI (p=0.000), sodium intake (p=0.015), and smoking habit (p=0.000). BMI was identified as the dominant factor. High BMI increased the risk of hypertension threefold (OR=3.003). Further studies are recommended to explore other factors associated with hypertension and increase public awareness of preventive measures, such as controlling salt intake, maintaining BMI, reducing high-fat food consumption, especially targeting young adults.
Fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the essential aspects of balanced nutrition. However, many people in Indonesia, including school-aged children, consume insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables. Poor eating habits during childhood may develop serious health problems in the future. This study aimed to describe the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the factors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among school-aged children (5–12 years old) in West Java Province in 2023. The study used data from the SKI 2023 with a cross-sectional design and sample of 7,086 individuals. Data were analyzed using SPSS and a set of computers. Based on univariate analysis, the average consumption of fruits and vegetables among school-aged children (5–12 years) in West Java Province was 0.85 servings per day over a week, with an average fruit consumption of 1.14 servings per day and an average vegetable consumption of 1.21 servings per day. Meanwhile, the factors that showed a significant relationship were gender, age, father's education level, mother's education level, father's employment status, mother's employment status, and economic status including social assistance recipient status with p<0.05 respectively, while place of residence showed an insignificant relationship with a p-value of 0.088 (p>0.05).
Osteoporosis merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Osteoporosis adalah suatu penyakit dengan sifat-sifat khas, berupa massa tulang yang rendah disertai perubahan perubahan mikro arsitektur dan kemunduran kualitas jaringan tulang. Keadaan ini akhirnya akan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kerapuhan tulang dan peningkatan risiko terjadinya patah tulang. Osteoporosis dapat terjadi pada wanita maupun laki-laki. Densitas Massa Tulang (DMT) adalah ukuran kepadatan tulang yang sering digunakan untuk mendiagnosa kesebatan tulang. Uji Densitas Massa Tulang merupakan uji yang paling sering digunakan untuk rnengetahui apakah seseorang berisiko osteoporosis atau tidak. Pengukuran dipusatkan pada tulang belakang, pinggul pergelangan tangan, kaki atau jari tangan. Alat untuk mengukur Densitas Massa Tulang disebut Densitometer Tulang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian osteoporosis pada kelompok vegetarian usia > 35 tahun di Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, Jakarta Barat. Disain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu disain studi potong lintang (cross-sectional). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, Jakarta Barat pada bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2008. Populasi adlah seluruh vegetarian baik laki-laki dan wanita yang dating ke pertemuan rutin kelompok Agama Budha di Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, Jakarta Barat. Sampel yang diperoleh berjumlah 85 orang vegetarian. Osteoporosis diukur dengan alat ukur densitometer tulang Achilles Express/InSight metode kuantitatif ultrasound dengan sensitivitas alat sebesar 97%, diperoleh nilai t-score (osteoporosis: - 2,5 atau lebih kecil Preva1ensi osteoporosis pada penelitian ini s.ebesar 22.4%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan signifikan antara umur dengan osteoporosis pada ketornpok vegetarian (p-value < 0,05). Hasil akhir analisis regresi logistic ganda model prediksi diperoleh 3 (tiga) variabel yang berrnakna sooara signifikan (p-value < 0,05) dan substasi yaitu umur, jenis kelamin dan olah raga, dimana umur p-value = 0,001 (OR: 5,365; Cl 95% : 1,933 - 14,890), jenis kelamin memponyai p-val"e 0,028 (OR : 0,277; Cl 95% : 0,088 - 0,869) dan olah raga p-value = 0,069 (OR : 0,378; Cl95%:0,133 -1,077). Hasil akhir analisis multivariat rnenunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan osteoporosis pada kelompok vegetarian usia 35 tahun di Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, Jakarta Barat adalah umur, ke1ompok vegetarian berumur 49,93 tahun akan berpeluang 5,37 kali mengalami osteoporosis dibandingkan dengan kelompok vegetarian yang berumur < 49;93 tahun setelah dikontrol dengan jenis kelamin dan olah raga. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan sampel kelompok vegetarian yang lebih banya.k dengan rnengukur kadar kalsium dalam darah atau dengan intervensi tablet kalsiurn dan menggunakan studi longitudinal ataupun studi eksperimental. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui pengaruh zat glzi terutama kalsium dan fosfor serta faktor lain yang berkaitan dengan osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is one of public health problems, Osteoporosis is a disease with specific characteristics, such as low bone mass with changes of micro architecture and deterioration of bone tissue quality. This condition will cause the increase of bone fragility and the increase of risk of bone fiacture. Osteoporosis could be happened both on woman and man. Bone Mass Density or Densitas Massa Tulang (DMI) is measurement of bone solidity flat frequently used in making a diagnose of the bone health. DMT test is an examination that most frequently used to assess whether someone has a risk to osteoporosis or not. The measurement focuses on the backbone, hip, wrist, legs or fingers. The tool used in measuring density bone mass is called bone densitometer. The study aimed to assess factors related to the occurance of osteoporosis on vegetarian group aged 2:35 years old in Pusdildat Maitreyawira, West Jakarta. Study design used cross-sectional design. The study was conducted ill Pusdiklat Maitreyawlra, West Jaknrta from March to April 2008. Population were all of vegetarians hnth men and women who came to regular meeting of Buddhist group in Pusdiklat Maltreyawlra, West Jakarta. Sample in this study were 85 vegetarians. Osteoporosis was measured by bone demirometer: Aehilles Express/Insight using ultrasound quantitative method with tool sensitivity 97%, gained t-score value (osteoporosis:- 2.5 or less). Osteoporosis prevalence in this study was 22,4%. Statistic test showed significant association between age and osteoporosis on vegetarian group (p-value < 0,05%). Final result of double logistic regression analysis of prediction model was gained 3 (three) variables that had significant association (p-value <0,05%): age (p-value = 0.001 (OR: 5.365; CI 95% : 1.933 - 14.890)), sex (p-value = 0.028 (OR : 0.277 ; CI 95% : 0.088 - 0.869), and exercise p-value = 0.069 (OR : 0.378; CI 95% : 0.133 - 1.077)). Final result of multivariate analysis showed the most dominant factors associated with osteoporosis on vegetarian group aged > 35 years old in Pusdiklat Maitreyawira, West Java, were age. Vegetarian group age >49.39 years old would have probality 5.37 times to get osteoporosis than those whose age < 49.39 years old after controlled by sex and exercise. The study recommended the further research using more samples of vegetarian group in measuring calcium level in blood or conducting calcium tablets intervention and using longitudinal or experimental study. 1t was aimed to assess the influence of nutrition especially calcium and fosfor and other factors related to osteoporosis.
