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ABSTRAK
Lean Thinking, filosofi manajemen yang berfokus pada proses usaha, merupakan metode yang tepat untuk menganalisis alur proses pengadaan obat kemoterapi di RS MMC Jakarta. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan prinsip Lean dalam menggambarkan alur proses yang terjadi saat ini, menganalisis masalah, serta mendesain alur proses yang lebih ideal. Metode yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan observasi langsung proses yang terjadi, wawancara mendalam dengan staf terkait, serta telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada saat ini sebagian besar pengadaan obat kemoterapi di RS MMC saat ini berlangsung secara cito tanpa standar yang khusus, sehingga polanya tidak jelas. Masalah utama yang ditemukan adalah seringnya obat tidak ada di distributor utamanya dan proses koordinasi antar-unit yang rumit apabila hal ini terjadi. Alur proses terdiri dari 48 kegiatan pada proses pengadaan obat kemoterapi di RS MMC dan hanya 18% dari waktu prosesnya yang bersifat value-added. Analisis masalah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Lean Tools Value Stream Mapping (VSM), identifikasi 8 wastes, analisis akar masalah dengan metode 5 Whys, Kanban, serta konsep error-proofing. Setelah analisis akar masalah dan perumusan ide perbaikan, dilakukan desain ulang yang menghasilkan alur proses baru, terdiri dari 16 kegiatan, dengan persentase waktu value added mencapai 83%.
ABSTRACT
Lean Thinking, a management philosophy focusing on business processes, is the right method to analysis the chemotherapy drugs purchasing process at MMC Hospital Jakarta. This study applied Lean principles in mapping the current work process, analyzing problems, and redesigining a more ideal work flow. Research method used in this study is qualitative approach, by doing direct observation of the actual process, in-depth interview with staffs involved, and document study. This research showed that the current chemotherapy drugs purchasing process are done cito with no specific standard, therefore there was no clear pattern. The main problems were often not found at the main distributors, and that it would demand a very complicated coordination process. The current work process consisted of 48 activities, and only 18% of the total process time was value-added. Analysis were done with the use of Lean Tools Value Stream Mapping (VSM), 8 wastes identification, root cause analysis with 5 Whys method, Kanban, and error-proofing concept. After conducting root-cause analysis and comprising improvement ideas, a new work process was designed, consisted of 16 activites, with 83% value added time.
Kata Kunci: Lean Thinking, BPJS, klaim, value added activity, non value addedactivity, waste
Delay in the submission of BPJS claims resulted in decreasing hospital cash flow. The currentclaim process is not efficient and effective.The objective of this reseach is to analize and proposeimprovement in the claim process by applying Lean Hospital concept. This research usedquantitative and qualitative approaches to observed the time required to complete the claimprocess before submitted to the BPJS verificator and also have an in-depth interview, observe theprocess, and document review. The result showed most waste happened in mobilisasi dana unitfor 32.5 days 18.8 minutes in the settlement BPJS document claims. Based on Value StreamMapping, Lead Time of the claim process at this time is 33.9 day. Most types of waste arewaiting and transportation. Proposed improvement provided from the study is to optimizing thecasemix team which newly formed. By optimizing the casemix team, Lead Time required tocomplete the claims process is 6.44 minutes. Standardize work and performance appraisal (KPI,IKI, and IKU) consider to apply to reach employee best performance.
Keywords: Lean Thinking, BPJS, claim, value added activity, non value added activity, waste
Kata kunci: lean thinking, , medication error, swiss chesse model waktu tunggupelayanan
Quality improvement and patient safety are two things that cannot separated and mustbe continuous. Effort to improve quality and patient safety at Outpatient PharmacyPusat Otak Nasional Prof. DR.dr. Mahar Mardjono Hospital is described through theachievement of service indicators according to the hospital minimum service standardsthet have not resched the standard. This study was conducted to analyze the waitingtime for JKN patient medication services and risk activities of medication errors usingprinciples of lean thinking and the swiss cheese model. This type of research isoperational research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative data isobtained through the process of observation and document review, while quantitativedata is based on waiting time data from electronic health records and waiting time forobservations. The result showed that the waiting time was 1 hour 3 minutes 11 seconds,with the longest waiting time was in the process of receiving the recipe (30 minutes 42seconds). Value_added activity (79%) was 13 minutes 13 seconds, non value addedactivity (21%) for 49 minutes 21 second. Most of waste is in waiting activities with apresentation time of 92% of the time for non value added. The bottleneck in this studywas taken from the longest waiting time process and the result of the swiss cheesemodel analysis at the assessment and examination stage of drug preparations.Reviewing the waiting time indicator profile for the finished medicine according to theSPM of the hospital. There is a need for workload analysis, and monitoring of thereview of prescription services. Proposed improvements are described in a future statemap by reducing non value added activity which can be directly eliminated withoutintervention.
Key words: lean thinking, medication error, swiss chesse model, medication error,service waiting time.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa alur proses yang adasekaligus memberikan usulan perbaikan agar proses pemulangan pasien rawatinap menjadi lebih cepat. Desain penelitian ini adalah analisis kualitatif denganmetode lean thinking melalui telaah dokumen, wawancara mendalam danobservasi.
Hasil penelitian didapatkan lead time atau waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pemulangan pasien adalah 252,4 menit (4,2 jam). Total waktu kegiatanyang bersifat value added 168 menit, sedangkan total waktu kegiatan yangbersifat non value added adalah 84,4 menit. Dari identifikasi nilai yang dilakukanterhadap alur proses pemulangan pasien ini ditemukan waste sebesar 63,6 menityang bila bisa dihilangkan akan memotong lead time menjadi 188,3 menit (3,1jam).
Keyword : lean thinking, pemulangan pasien rawat inapUniversitas Indonesia
Process of discharging hospitalized patient is part of service given by the hospital.A Good and satisfying service during hospitalization can turn into unsatisfiedperception if at the end of hospitalization there is obstacle in discharging patientand make the process longer.
This research is to analyze the process and give agood suggestion for discharging inpatient process in order to make it moreefficient. Design of this research is lean thinking method using document analysis, interview, and observation.
Result of the research indicating lead time or timeneeded for discharging patient is 252.4 minutes (4.2 hours). Total activity timewhich is value added is 168 minute, while total activity time which is non valueadded is 84.4 minute. Base on this value identification found waste value time63.6 minute can be diminished and cutting lead time to 188.4 minute (3.1hour).
Keyword : lean thinking, discharging inpatient.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan wakturata-rata yang diperlukan untuk pasien metode pembayaran BPJS sebesar 153,5menit, Cash sebesar 127 menit , dan asuransi sebesar 264 menit. Total persentasenon value added activity pada proses pemulangan pasien dengan metodepembayaran BPJS sebesar 76,4%, cash sebesar 72,4%, dan asuransi sebesar84,1%.
Usulan perbaikan dengan metode Lean dapat menurunka persentase nonvalue added activity menjadi sebesar 56,6% untuk pasien BPJS, 46,6% untukpasien cash, dan 56,8% untuk pasien asuransi.
Kata kunci: pemulangan pasien; Lean; Value Added; Non value added; waste
Delays in the process of discharge related to the availability of the number of bedsfor patients who are going to be hospitalized. This resulted inefficiency ofservices. Lean method is a method that is expected to improve efficiency in theprocess of discharge process. A qualitative study using the principles of leanthinking to describe the process of discharge flow, calculate the lead time andcycle time, and analyze the waste that occurs.
The results show the average timerequired for patient used BPJS payment method is 153.5 minutes, cash is 127minutes, and insurance is 264 minutes. The total percentage of non-value addedactivity in the process of discharge process with BPJS payment method is 76.4%,cash is 72.4%, and insurance is 84.1%.
Suggestions for improvements with leanmethods can reduce the percentage of non-value added activity by 56.6% forBPJS patients, 46.6% for cash patients, and 56.8% for insured patients.
Keywords: discharge process; lean; value added; non-value added; waste
ABSTRAK Sistem pelaporan kegiatan rutin di Rumah Sakit Metropolitan Medical Center yang masih manual atau belum terintegrasi secara online, sehingga menyebabkan beberapa masalah seperti tidak standarnya laporan-laporan yang diberikan oleh masing-masing unit, dan terjadinya kesalahan dalam input dan rekapitulasi laporan oleh petugas rekam medis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran dan identifikasi sistem pelaporan rutin rumah sakit Metropolitan Medical Center sehingga dapat memberikan saran guna meminimalkan kesalahan dalam pembuatan laporan rutin rumah sakit. Rumah sakit metropolitan medical center memiliki 162 tempat tidur, dimana unit rekam medis bertanggung jawab dalam pembuatan dua laporan wajib rumah sakit, yakni laporan eksternal, yaitu laporan kepada departemen kesehatan, dan laporan internal, yaitu laporan kepada seluruh direksi rumah sakit. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, terbatas pada laporan internal rumah sakit. Informan penelitian berjumlah 14 orang. Dari penelitian didapatkan hasil mengenai sumber daya dan fasilitas yang berhubungan dengan pembuatan laporan kegiatan, dan diketahui bahwa belum semua unit yang terkomputerisasi dan memiliki sistem online, serta tidak standarnya format formulir laporan di setiap unit. Selain itu juga ditemukan adanya kesulitan dari unit rekam medis dalam memproses laporan yang diterima. Dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlunya suatu formulir standar sehingga dapat memudahkan unit rekam medis dalam melakukan rekapitulasi di setiap unit pelaksana sehingga dapat mengurangi kemungkinan timbulnya kesalahan dalam pembuatan laporan rutin rumah sakit. ABSTRACT Report activities in Metropolitan Medical Center are done manually and has not yet adopted an online integration. This causes a number of problems such that the report are not collected in one unified standard and that input mistakes are often made in the reports by the medica record staffs. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the daily and monthly report activities at the hospital therefore to advice which could be use to overcome the problems. The Metropolitan Medical Center has 162 beds, and its medical record unit responsible to produce essential reports that are external and internal reports. The external reports are to be submitted to the Ministry of Health Department while the internal reports to the board of directors. The type of research conducted will be qualitatif-descriptive and limited to only internal reports. The research is held the interview of fourteen informants and observations. The informations result from the interview are type of resources and facilities needed to produce the reports as well as evidence that not all the units has the computerized system or online system, and also the format of the form reports is not standard for each unit. It is also known that there is some difficulties to process the reports in medical record unit. The conclusion of the research is standar form is needed to facilitate the medical record unit in order to process the reports for each unit in hospital, so that can minimalized the chance of mistakes in the process of reporting the hospital reports.
ABSTRAK Salah satu metode untuk meningkatkan produktivitas rumah sakit di Amerika dan Australia dengan menggunakan lean hospital di unit rawat jalan. Penelitian ini menganalisis lean hospital sebagai usulan ide perbaikan di Rumah Sakit TNI AL Marinir Cilandak yangmerupakan rumah sakit militer dengan keunikannya dimana jabatan personel dipengaruhi oleh kepangkatan dan kompetensi profesi bisa diadaptasi. Dengan menggunakan metodelogi penelitian kualitatif, observatif dan wawancara mendalam memperlihatkan adanya non value added sebesar 76,57 % dan value added sebesar 23,43 % . hal ini mengindikasikan terjadinya pemborosan dan dari analisa tulang ikan memperlihatkan sepuluh akar masalah. Usulan perbaikan dibagi tiga tahap, jangka pendek, jangka menegah dan jangka panjang, mengurangi pemborosan dan membuat aliran menjadi lebih efisien yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktifitas dan kepuasan pasien.
ABSTRACT A researct that have been done on the Departement of Outpatient Service in Marien Hospital Cilandak which applied qualitative methode, observations and currnt Process charting, showed both of non value added and value added for about 76,57 % compared to 23,43 %. These value were indicating main faktor of waste occured. Through the fishbone analysis that adopted from Lean consept for medical care on outpatients servise, accordingly about 10 (ten) significant problems were founded linked to the waste that affected the quality and process of service. 3 (three)steps of improvement in short, medium and long term regarding refinm=emen of works efficiencies would be required to resolve it prior to increase customers/patients satisfaction.
Kata kunci : Mutu; Lean; Farmasi
Pharmaceutical Services is a service that cannot be separated from hospital services. The length of waiting time in the pharmacy will satisfy the overall quality of hospital services. Currently the waiting time in Bali Royal Hospital pharmacy for out patient is still above the standard waiting time, which is not in accordance with the hospital guidelines. The standard waiting time for outpatient pharmacy cannot be achieved due to lack of quality management at RSU Bali Royal. This study will look at how the process of outpatient pharmacy service using lean method, in 2017 with observational action process research, by observing 15 patients from October 2017 to January 2018 at outpatient pharmaceutical RSU Bali Royal, by looking at the waste. It is founded that there are 45.65% value added activities and non-value added activities (vaste) of 54.28%. Most of the wastes that are found are waste waiting and waste defect. Elimination of waste that has been done by the implementation of intervention, among others: moving cashier counters, changing the lay out of pharmacy, making counter between the pharmaceutical counter with space lock pharmaceutical door lock and change in outpatient pharmacy service, so that non value added activities can be eliminated to 18.28% and value added activities to 81.72%. In terms of outcome can be seen the improvement of waiting time, improvement of customer satisfaction, increased visits and increased turnover in pharmacy. This study concludes that there is a significant improvement of service quality after the refinement of outpatient pharmacy service process using lean method.
Keyword : Quality; Lean; Pharmacy
