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Fumigasi adalah suatu kegiatan memasukkan/melepaskan pestisida (fumigan) kedalam ruangan tertutup/kedap udara selama waktu tertentu dengan tujuan untuk membasmi tikus dan serangga sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit menular. Pekerjaan fumigasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam program pemberantasan vektor dikapal dan pesawat dengan menggunakan fumigant methyl bromide. Dari revew 542 literatur (Budnik et al., Environmental Health 2012), termasuk in vitro dan studi epidemiologi pajanan untuk studi epidemiologi pestisida methyl hidrokarbon, terutama efek beracun (kronik) atau karsinogenik dari penggunaan methyl bromide antara tahun 1990-2011, ditemukan 91 kasus toksisitas methyl bromide dan 29 menggunakan istilah ?karsinogenik, neoplastik atau mutagenik".
Tiga studi epidemiologi dievaluasi, menilai suatu kemungkinan hubungan antara kanker dan methyl bromide. Methyl bromide dianggap sebagai bahan karsinogen potensial di dasarkan pada penelitian terhadap hewan yang telah menunjukkan potensi karsinogenik dari senyawa ini (J. Donald Millar, M.D., D.T.P.H., NIOSH, 2003). Penelitian Saragih (2009), aktivasi kolinesterase darah pada petugas fumigasi kapal pada 66 responden, sebanyak 25,8% yang mempunyai tingkat aktivasi kolinesterase darah yang termasuk dalam kategori keracunan dan 74,2% mempunyai tingkat aktivasi kolinesterse darah. Data Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Tanjung Pinang, 2012, didapat dua orang kasus terpajan methyl bromide dengan kerusakan kulit berat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat resiko terpajan methyl bromide pada pekerja fumigasi kapal di wilayah Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Batam dan Tanjung Pinang, tahun 2013. Analisis resiko dilakukan secara semi-kuantitatif berdasarkan Australian Standar/New Zealand Standar 4360 Risk Management yang terdiri dari nilai kemungkinan (Likehood), nilai dampak (consequence) sehingga diperoleh tingkat resiko (Level Of Risk) dengan cara analisa matrik W.T Fine. Dari hasil analisa matrik terhadap dua metode fumigasi tersebut ditentukanlah suatu prosedur atau kontrol dalam mencegah atau menanggulangi resiko bahaya fumigasi kapal.
Fumigation is an activity insert/release pesticide (fumigant) into a closed room/airtight during a certain time in order to eradicate rodents and insects as vectors of disease-causing infectious. Fumigation on ships and aircrafts has been programmed by government to eradicate vectors such as rodents and insects used the fumigants i.e. methyl bromide. Based on 542 of review literatures (Budnik et al, Environmental Health, 2012), including in vitro and epidemiological studies of pesticide exposure for epidemiological studies methyl hydrocarbon, especially toxic effects (chronic) at or carcinogenic methyl bromide of use between the years 1990 - 2011, found 91 cases of toxicity methyl bromide and 29 used in term ?carcinogenic, neoplastic or mutagenic?.
Then, three epidemiological studies evaluated, assessing a possible link between cancer and methyl bromide. Methyl bromide considered as a potential carcinogen based on animal studies that have demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of this compound. (J. Donald Millar, MD, DTPH, NIOSH, 2003). Saragih (2009) studied activation of blood cholinesterase ship fumigation officer on 66 respondents, 25.8% have blood cholinesterase levels of activation were included in the category of poisoning and the remaining 74.2% have an activation of blood cholinesterase. According the data in Tanjung Pinang Port Health Office, 2012, acquired two cases of methyl bromide exposed to severe skin damage.
In this dissertation aims to analyze the level of risk in workers exposed to methyl bromide fumigation of ships in the Port Health Office of Batam and Tanjung Pinang, in 2013. Risk analysis performed semi-quantitatively based on Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard 4360 Risk Management consisting of the value of probability (likelihood), the value of impact (consequence) in order to obtain the level of risk analysis by matrix WT Fine. Based on the analysis of the matrix for two methods of fumigation were revealed a procedure or control in preventing or overcoming hazards ship fumigation.
Coal mining industry is an industry with high risks of occupational healthand safety. Hence, it is considered important to conduct a risk assessment andevaluation on occupational health and safety in a coal mining industry. Theexpected result of the assessment and evaluation is an improvement of significantefforts in decreasing occupational accident and illness rate, and also fatality rate incoal mining activities.Focus of this study was OHS risk assessment and evaluation on miningactivity in PT. Adaro Indonesia Site Tanjung Tabalong South Kalimantan in 2013.This study was analytical descriptive using observational approach. This studyused Job Hazard Analysis for hazard and risk identification, and semi-quantitativerisk assessment method by multiplication of consequences, probability, andexposure score. The result of this study showed that mining activity in PT. AdaroIndonesia Site Tanjung Tabalong has 182 OHS risks.Key words: risk, coal, mining activities.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the occupational health risks of workersexposed to TSP, PM10, PM2, 5, Cd, Si, As, and Pb that were carried out onmeasurements in outdoor, indoor, and personal respirable port location andcompare it to the non-port. This research is a descriptive analytic cross-sectionalresearch design. Based on this research, the results are risk characteristics (RQ)outdoor TSP and PM10 dust is less than 1, while PM2,5 located at Hopper 4 ismore than 1. For indoor dust RQ PM2,5 located at Hopper 6 and barging morethan 1, while on the non-port RQ is less than 1. For personal respirable RQ locatedat Hopper 6 and genset are more than 1, while in the non port is less than 1. Fornon-carcinogenic elements Cd, As and Pb RQ are less than 1, while thecarcinogenic element As and Cd, value of ECR is less than E-4 and for Silica valueof ECR is more than E-4.Key Word:TSP, PM10, PM2,5, Cd, Si, As, dan Pb, carcinogenic, non- carsinogenic, riskanalysis, risk characterization
ABSTRAK
Awak kapal feri mempunyai karakteristik kerja yang unik, jadwal kerja 24 jamterus menerus di kapal dengan libur hanya 3 hari sebulan, terpajan risiko kondisilingkungan kerja yang dapat menjadi penyebab timbulnya stres kerja. Stres kerjaawak kapal jika tidak ditanggulangi akan berpengaruh terhadap kesehatannya sertakeselamatan kapal dan penumpang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperolehgambaran faktor pekerjaan (job content-job context), yang berhubungan denganstres kerja pada awak kapal feri non perwira di pelabuhan Telaga Punggur.Metode yang digunakan adalah Cross Sectional Descriptive Research, pengukurandata menggunakan kuesioner, analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 35 % responden mengalami stres kerja dan 65 %tidak mengalami stres kerja. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan faktor yangmempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan stres kerja adalah kondisi lingkungankerja, dimana awak kapal yang mempunyai persepsi bahwa kondisi lingkungankerja di kapal berbahaya mempunyai peluang lebih besar mengalami stres kerjadibanding awak kapal yang menganggap lingkungan kerja di kapal tidakberbahaya.
ABSTRACT
The ferry's crew has a unique job characteristics, 24 hours work schedulecontinuously on the ship with only three days off a month, being exposed to the riskof working environment conditions that can cause an incidence of work stress.Work stress of the crew will have an effect on their health and also to the safety ofthe ship and its passengers. The purpose of the research was to gain an overview ofwork factors (job content-job context) related to work stress on the ferry crew inThe Telaga Punggur Port 2013. The method used is Cross Sectional DescriptiveResearch, measurement data using questionnaires, analysis of the data done byunivariate and bivariat. Research results obtained 35% of ferry crew experienced astressful job and 65% are not subjected to the stress of work. Results of statisticaltests indicate factor that have a meaningful relationship with work stress is acondition of the work environment, where the crew had the perception that theenvironmental conditions of work on board is harmfull has a chance of greaterstress than crew who consider the work environment on board is not harmfull.