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ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang hasil pengobatan dan variasi biaya TBMDR/ XDR di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta dengan menggunakan strategi Programatic Management Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (PMDT), yang memerlukan jangka waktu pengobatan yang lama 18-24 bulan serta memerlukan biaya yang sangat tinggi. Tujuan umum adalah mengetahui hasil pengobatan dan variabel-variabel biaya TB-MDR/XDR. Penelitian ini adalalah penelitian operasional dengan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sampel adalah semua pasien TB-MDR/XDR yang mulai diobati Agustus 2009 sampai 31 Desember 2010, berjumlah 104 pasien. Hasil pada penelitian ini lama pengobatan TB-XDR lebih panjang dan angka keberhasilan (lengkap dan sembuh) lebih rendah yaitu 42,9 % dan 80,9% jika dibandingakan dengan TB-MDR, tetapi angka keberhasilan ini jauh lebih tinggi dari angka keberhasilan di dunia. Biaya pasien sampai sembuh dan lengkap pada pasien TB-XDR Rp 91.704.767,33 lebih tinggi dari TB-MDR Rp 72.260.081,73. Biaya pasien TB-XDR yang meninggal Rp 63.246.069,- lebih tinggi dari TB-MDR Rp 34.142.692,44. Hal ini juga terjadi pada total biaya pengobatan TB-XDR dengan efek samping ringan lebih tinggi biayanya dari pada pasien TB-MDR. Penambahan lama pengobatan mempunyai peluang peningkatan biaya sebesar Rp 115.205,- per hari Jenis kelamin laki-laki yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta Timur dengan lama pengobatan kurang dari 569 hari memiliki peluang 1.7 kali lebih tinggi mengalami kesembuhan dibandingkan dengan jenis kelamin perempuan, yang bertempat tinggal di daerah dan lama pengobatan yang sama. Kesimpulan : Angka keberhasilan pada TB-MDR dan TB-XDR pada penelitian ini lebih tinggi dari angka keberhasilan di dunia . Biaya total pengobatan TBXDR jauh lebih tinggi dari TB-XDR dan terdapat keeratan hubungan antara variabel biaya pengobatan dengan lama pengobatan.
ABSTRACT This research captured the Programmatic Management of Drug resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta which required long treatment duration which is 18-24 months and especially the treatment outcome and variation cost. The study aimed to know regarding the treatment outcome as well as cost variaties of MDR/XDR-TB patients. This is a operational research using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods. The samples were all treated MDR/XDR-TB patients who started treatment from August 2009 until December 31, 2010. Total number of sample were 104 patients. The results of this study revealed that duration of treatment for XDR-TB patients is longer than MDR-TB patients with lower success rate which are 42,9% and 80,9% respectively and was statistically significant. However this result is relatively higher than reports from many countries in the world. The cost per patient for those who cured and completed treatment was US$ 9,357 and US$ 7,373 for the XDR-TB patients and MDR-TB patients respectively which was statistically significant. The cost spent for XDR-TB patients who died during treatment was higher compare to MDR-TB ones, US$ 6,453 and US$ 3,484 respectively. The same finding was similar higher when comparing the total cost of mild side effect for XDR-TB and MDR-TB. Additional time for length of treatment would give the probability of spending US$ 11,75 per day. Male patients who live in East Jakarta with length of treatment was less than 569 days have the chance to cured 1.7 fold compare to females patient with the same condition in term of length of stay and residencial. Conclusion: Success Rate of MDR/XDR-TB in this study is higher than those being reported worldwide. Cost for XDR-TB is extremely high than for MDR-TB. There is an association found between cost and length of treatment.
ABSTRAK Keberhasilan universal health coverage di Indonesia sangat ditentukan oleh utilisasi sumber daya yang efisien di rumah sakit. Variasi biaya yang tinggi untuk perawatan tertentu menunjukkan indikasi bahwa rumah sakit belum cukup efisien dalam memanfaatkan sumber dayanya untuk menyediakan pelayanan. Length of stay (LOS) adalah salah satu faktor penting penentu biaya yang banyak digunakan sebagai indikator efisiensi rumah sakit dalam penggunaan sumber daya. LOS dan biaya perawatan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, baik yang merupakan karakteristik pasien maupun faktor terkait manajemen di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi seberapa besar hubungan antara karakteristik pasien dengan variasi LOS dan biaya perawatan,dan mengetahui gambaran penerapan clinical pathway sebagai upaya kendali mutu dan biaya pada pasien JKN rawat inap di RSUP Fatmawati dari tahun 2015 – September 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi usia, jumlah diagnosis, jumlah prosedur dan kelas rawat hanya dapat menjelaskan sedikit variasi LOS dan biaya perawatan (R 2 <34%). Sementara itu clinical pathway sebagai salah satu pendekatan manajemen untuk kendali mutu dan biaya belum diterapkan secara optimal. Berbagai upaya kreatif perlu dilakukan manajemen antara lain implementasi care plan, difungsikannya kembali case manager, pengisian CP secara elektronik dan identifikasi inefisiensi dalam pelayanan menggunakan data unit cost rumah sakit. Kata kunci: Length of stay (LOS), biaya (costs), efisiensi, clinical pathway, CMG
ABSTRACT Efficient use of resources in hospitals will contribute to successful implementation of universal health coverage in Indonesia. Substantial variation in hospital costs for certain diagnosis or procedure is an indication of resource use inefficiency. Length of stay is a well-accepted measure of resource utilization and a key driver to hospital costs. Variation in LOS and costs can be influenced by patient demographic and clinical factors that are outside a hospital’s control, in the meanwhile there are also factors within the control of a hospital. This research focuses on five Casemix Main Groups and aims to identify how patient characteristic factors contribute to variation in LOS and costs, and to investigate qualitatively the implementation of Clinical Pathway as a management approach to control LOS as well as hospital costs for JKN patients at RSUP Fatmawati, a class-A teaching hospital in Jakarta, from 2015 to September 2017. The result indicates that the variance in LOS and cost is not significantly correlated to patient’s age, number of diagnoses, number of procedures and room types as independent variables. The hospital has numerous clinical pathways that have not been optimally implemented yet for LOS and cost control. This research provides information for hospital management team to improve LOS performance by implementing care planning, intensive case management and to use cost data for identification of inefficiency of certain types of care. Keywords: Length of stay (LOS), costs, efficiency, clinical pathway, CMG
Background,through a presidential decree No. 12 of 2013 on health insurance set uppayment of health services at the hospital level using prospective payment systemthat based on INA-CBGs. Implementation of INA-CBGs rates for hospital ispolemical, because there is some gap between the hospital tariffs and INA-CBGstariff. One of the components that must be prepared by the hospital is making afinancial cost containment program based on clinical pathways. This study usesdescriptive quantitative and qualitative research to get the data in the form of in-depth interviews to determine the perceptions of leaders RS.PMI Bogor and generalsurgeon on the readiness of PMI Bogor Hospital to control costs in patients who useBPJS.The research concluded that there are variations in costs between theguarantors against acute appendicitis patients without complications that are treatedin class 3 room and board in PMI Bogor Hospital, and hospitals do not performeffective control costs on patients BPJS because it only rely on its experience tomanage patients JAMKESMAS and JAMKESDA.Keywords: cost control, Clinical Pathway, INA-CBG
Perawat sebagai salah satu sumber daya manusia di rumah sakit merupakan ujung tombak pelayanan yang harus direncanakan secara matang, baik secara kuantitas (beban kerja) maupun kualitas (kompetensi kerja). Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas tentang analisa kebutuhan tenaga keperawatan di Instalasi Hemodialisa RSUP Persahabatan berdasarkan beban kerja (menggunakan time and motion study kepada 8 perawat kemudian diolah dengan Metode Ilyas) dan kompetensi kerja (depth interview kepada tiga informan dengan fokus kepada pengetahuan seputar pekerjaan, keterampilan dan sikap). Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat satu dan atau dua tenaga perawat dengan kualifikasi minimal lulusan D3 keperawatan yang telah diikutkan pelatihan hemodialisa.
Nurses, as one kind of the human resources in hospitals, act as a frontline service that should be planned thoroughly, both in its quantity (based on workload) and quality (based on competencies). This research was about needs assessment of nursing personnel in the Hemodialysis Installation of RSUP Persahabatan based on workload (using time and motion study technique then manipulated by Ilyas Method) and competencies (depth interview focusing on job knowledge, skill and attitude, on three subjects). The research concluded that there is one or two nursing shortage, having qualification of D3 of nursing (as minimal education) and hemodialysis training.
Background : Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of joint disorders found in adults in the world, according to WHO in its report entitled The Burden of Musculoskeletal Conditions at The Start of the New Millennium, writing that osteoarthritis is one of the main causes of morbidity. in the world and has a major impact on the burden of health costs. Goal :Analyze factors related to cost variation Total action knee arthroplasty at dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid (RSCAM) Bekasi City Methode : The approach used in this research is quantitative and the ANOVA test is carried out on the influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The samples used were 29 patients who were taken according to the inclusion criteria which included age, gender, LOS, room class, severity level and treatment costs consisting of accommodation, doctor visits, consultations, medical support, medical procedures, drugs and medical equipment. Result : The frequency distribution of respondents based on age is 11 people (37.9%), old age 15 people (51.9%) and elderly people are 3 people (10.3%), with the majority of respondents being 24 women (82.8%). The highest number of treatment classes is in class 3 as many as 16 people (55.2%) and the highest severity level is severity level I as many as 16 people (55.2%), where the highest LOS during treatment is 5-10 days as many as 25 people (66.2%). The average total cost for accommodation is Rp.1,937.29.37, for doctor visits Rp.9,848.04, consultation Rp.5.8442.31, medical support Rp.118,834.96, medical treatment Rp. 508.153.50, medicine Rp. 36,554.39 and the average cost of medical equipment services is Rp. 650.165.39. In the ANOVA test results, age and length of stay have a significant relationship with treatment costs with a P value of 0.033 for age and a P value of 0.000 for LOS
