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ABSTRAK
Kebugaran yang rendah berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas kerja dan daya tahan tubuh terhadap penyakit. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menilai faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kebugaran kardiorespiratori melalui tes bangku 3 menit YMCA. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada guru di Yayasan Asih Putera Kota Cimahi pada bulan Maret 2013. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode Crosssectional dengan jumlah sampel 80 orang. IMT ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, PLT diukur dengan BIA, aktivitas fisik diketahui melalui pengisian kuesioner Baecke, dan asupan gizi dihitung dengan menggunakan Food record 3 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan norma tes kebugaran bangku 3 menit YMCA sebanyak 66.2 persen guru tergolong tidak bugar. Uji Chi square menyatakan bahwa variabel umur, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, IMT, PLT, asupan gizi berupa energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak, vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, Mg, Zn, dan Fe memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kebugaran kardiorespiratori. Analisis Regresi Logistik Ganda menunjukkan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kebugaran adalah aktivitas fisik (p<0.005, OR=48.34). Untuk meningkatkan kebugaran guru, disarankan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik, pengendalian berat badan, pemberian suplemen, serta pembinaan terhadap pedagang makanan.
ABSTRACT
Phisical fitness has impact on the productivity and the body's resistance to disease. This study aims to assess the dominant factor related to fitness measured by cardiorespiratory endurance using YMCA 3-minute step test method. The subjects study was 80 teachers at Yayasan Asih Putera Cimahi in March 2013. This study using Cross-sectional design. BMI is determined by measuring weight and height, percent body fat measured by BIA, physical activity is known through the Baecke questionnaire, and nutrient intake was calculated by using 3 day Food record. The statistical test used was a Chi Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression for multivariate analysis. The results showed that 66.2 percent of the teachers classified as unfit group. Chi square test states that the variables age, sex, physical activity, BMI, PLT, a nutritional intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, Mg, Zn, and Fe had a significant association with cardiorespiratory fitness. Multivariate analysis showed that the dominant variable is associated with physical fitness is activity (p<0.005, OR= 48.34). It is suggested that sporting activities to have be done in order to increase the physical activity level, weight control, food supplements, as well as guidance to the food vendors.
This study aims to determine the dominant factor estimated VO2max value of Sekolah Khusus Olahragawan Jakarta student’s. This study used cross sectional design and conducted on 110 students. Estimated VO2max obtained by indirect measurement method using Balke 15 minutes test. The results showed that the average value of the estimated VO2max of male respondents (47.33 ± 4.29 ml/kg/min) is higher than female respondents (40.97 ± 4.54 ml/kg/min). Variables that have a statistically significant relationship with estimated VO2max value in this study were gender, nutritional status (Z-score BMI-for-age and percent body fat), vitamin B2 intake, and physical activity. Multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression models to obtain the predictive value of VO2max = 33.78 + (6.31 x gender) - (1.52 x Z-score BMI-for-age) + (2.73 x physical activity). Dominant variable in determining the value of the estimated VO2max in this study is a physical activity. Good nutritional status, and regular physical activity required to achieve a good VO2max value.
Kata kunci:Kebugaran Kardiorespiratori , Aktifitas fisik, Tes bangku 3 menit YMCA, IMT,Karbohidrat.
Tesis ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang bertujuan membuat model prediksi persen lemak tubuh untuk remaja laki-laki usia 12-19 tahun (n = 111), dengan melakukan studi validasi pengukuran antropometri dan model Prediksi (Slaughter, Deurenberg, Lee dan Chan) terhadap persen lemak tubuh BIA. Pada penelitian ini juga menjelaskan korelasi antara pengukuran antropometri (IMT WHO, skinfold thickness dan lingkar pinggang) serta model prediksi (Slaughter, Deurenberg, Lee dan Chan) dengan persen lemak tubuh BIA. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik stratified proportional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa MTs dan MA. Multiteknik Yayasan Asih Putera kelas 7-12.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan IMT WHO memiliki korelasi paling kuat dengan persen lemak tubuh BIA (r = 0,804) diantara pengukuran antropometri yang digunakan. Model Prediksi IMT WHO memilki sensitivitas paling tinggi yaitu 94%, diikuti dengan model prediksi IMT WHO dan umur (94%) dan model prediksi Sitoayu. Seluruh variabel memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan persen lemak tubuh BIA (p < 0,0005). Hasil analisis multiregresi menunjukkan variabel yang dominan adalah IMT WHO, skinfold thickness, dan umur dengan model prediksi persen lemak tubuh baru (Sitoayu) = 23,28 + 1,56*IMT WHO + 0,13*ST - 0,62*U. Model prediksi ini memiliki AUC 0,937 dan nilai sensitivitas yaitu 84%.
The primary purpose of this cross-sectional study to develop percentage body fat prediction model for boys aged 12-19 years (n = 111), by conducting a validation study anthropometric measurements and predictions model of body fat percentage (Slaughter, Deurenberg, Lee and Chan) to percent body fat BIA. In this study also examined the correlation between anthropometric measurements (WHO BMI, skinfold thickness and waist circumference) and predictions model (Slaughter, Deurenberg, Lee and Chan) with percent body fat BIA with stratified proportional design. The research was carried out on students MTs and MA. Multiteknik Yayasan Asih Putera grade 7-12.
Bivariat analysis showed BMI WHO has the strongest correlation with percent body fat BIA (r = 0.804) between the anthropometric measurements were used. The Prediction model IMT WHO also has the best sensitivity (94%), the second is IMT WHO and Age (94%) and the third is Sitoayu. All variables have a significant correlation with percent body fat BIA (p < 0,0005). Multiregresi analysis results indicate that the dominant variable is the WHO BMI, skinfold thickness and age with the predictions model of percent body fat Sitoayu = 23,28 + 1.56 *BMI WHO + 0.13 * ST - 0.62 *Age. This prediction model has AUC 0,937 and the best sensitivity value of 84%.
Hypertension in adolescents has increased and led to an increase in various other degenerative diseases when adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the most dominant factor that related to the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension in adolescents aged 15-18 years old at SMA Negeri 3 Kisaran Asahan District North Sumatra in 2016. The study used cross-sectional design which was conducted on 145 respondents of 10th and 11th grader. The dependent variables in this study is hypertension and prehypertension, while independent variables were gender, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, energy intake, fat intake, sodium intake, fiber intake, physical activity, smoking, stress and sleep duration. The results showed that the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were 42,1% and 12,4% respectively. Based on the bivariate analysis, there were significant differences between prehypertension and hyepertension based on sex (p value = 0,005), family history of hypertension (p value = 0,040), nutritional status (p value = 0,012), fat intake (p value = 0,036), sodium intake (p value = 0,031), fiber intake (p value = 0,010), physical activity (p value = 0,044), stress (p value = 0,043), and sleep duration (p value = 0,023). While based on the multiariate analysis, the dominant factor of prehypertension and hypertension was physical activity. Further research is needed to examine the relationship of causality on these factors and to explore whether there other dominant factor of prehypertension and hypertension among adolescents. The author suggests that the students should routinely check the blood pressure measurements at least once a month, exercise at least three times a week, monitoring the body weight at least once a month to maintain good nutrional status, and keep the intake of nutritionts by eating foods according to balanced nutriotional guidelines. Keywords: hypertension, adolescents, physical activity, nutritional status
