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ABSTRAK Nama : Megawati Program Studi : Epidemiologi Judul : Kesintasan Pasien Kanker Payudara Berdasarkan Keterlambatan Pengobatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Cipto Mangunkusumo Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. dr. Bambang Sutrisna, MHSc (Epidemiology) Abstrak Kanker payudara masih mendominasi penyakit kanker pada wanita di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo sebagai rumah sakit rujukan nasional dengan jumlah kasus terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Sebagian besar kasus ditemukan pada stadium lanjut dan mengalami keterlambatan pengobatan lebih dari 60 hari setelah didiagnosis. Keterlambatan pengobatan diduga berpengaruh terhadap kesintasan pasien kanker payudara. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan keterlambatan pengobatan dengan kesintasan pasien kanker payudara di RSCM. Desain studi penelitian adalah kohort retrospektif dengan mengamati 584 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengamatan dilakukan mulai dari 1 Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2017. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji logrank, dan multivariat dengan cox regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 584 pasien yang dianalisis ditemukan besarnya risiko terjadinya kematian sebesar 1,27 kali lebih cepat pada pasien yang mengalami keterlambatan pengobatan lebih dari 60 hari dibandingkan dengan pasien yang mendapatkan pengobatan kurang dari 60 hari (HR=1,27; 95%CI;0,99 – 1,64) setelah dikontrol stadium klinis, status pernikahan, dan status hormon reseptor estrogen. Perbedaan kesintasan antara pasien yang terlambat lebih dari 60 hari setelah didiagnosis adalah sebesar 7% pada tahun kelima. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterlambatan pengobatan lebih dari 60 hari setelah didiagnosis mempengaruhi kesintasan pasien kanker payudara sehingga pentingnya edukasi kepada pasien dan keluarga untuk tidak menunda pengobatan setelah didiagnosis. Kata kunci: keterlambatan pengobatan; kesintasan; kanker payudara
ABSTRACT Name : Megawati Study Program : Epidemiologi Title : Survival of Breast Cancer based on Delay treatment at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Counsellor : Prof. Dr. dr. Bambang Sutrisna, MHSc (Epidemiology) Breast cancer still dominates cancer in women in the world including in Indonesia. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as a national referral hospital with the number of cases continues to increase every year. Most of the cases were found at an advanced stage and experienced treatment delays more than 60 days after diagnosis. Treatment delays are thought to affect the survival of breast cancer patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the relationship of delayed treatment with survival of breast cancer patients at RSCM. The study design was a retrospective cohort by observing 584 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Observations were done from 1 January 2011 to December 2017. Data were analyzed univariat, bivariate with logrank test, and multivariate with cox regression. The results of the study showed that the 584 patients analyzed found that the risk of death was 1.27 times faster in patients who experienced treatment delay more than 60 days compared with patients who received treatment less than 60 days (HR = 1.27; 95% CI; 0,99 - 1.92) after controlled marital status, hormone receptor estrogen, and clinical stage. The difference in survival between their patients who were late more than 60 days after the diagnosis was 7% in the fifth year. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the delay of treatment influences survival of breast cancer patients so that the importance of education to the patient and family to immediately perform treatment after diagnosis. Keywords : Delay treatment; Survival; Breast Cancer
Kata Kunci: Kanker payudara, kesintasan hidup, stadium kanker, RSCM
Based on GLOBOCAN data of 2012, the highest incidence of cancer in Indonesia is breast cancer. Currently there are still many deaths caused by breast cancer. The survival of breast cancer survivors depends on several factors that are very important to know, including the stage of cancer. This study aims to determine the effect of stage of cancer, age, education, occupation, marriage, health insurance status, family history, type of therapy and distance of residence to survival of breast cancer survivors. The study design used a retrospective cohort method. Samples in this study were 135 breast cancer patients who were first diagnosed with breast cancer from January 2007 to June 2012 at RS Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data analysis using SPSS program and Kaplan Meier method and related factors were analyzed with Cox regression. The results of bivariable analysis showed that the stage of cancer had a significant relationship to survival of breast cancer (p value = 0,000; HR 19,227 (95% CI 1,395-265,101)). While in the analysis of mutivariabel the relationship of stage to life survival is not significant (p value = 0,102) after controlled by education variable, work, therapy type and interaction of cancer stage with education of patient. The survival of breast cancer survivors in early stage of breast cancer was higher (94.1%) than those in advanced stage (70.1%). Patients with advanced stage 11 times higher risk than the early stage (HR = 10,923; 95% CI 0.623-191,417). So needed awareness and efforts to early detection of breast cancer to further improve survival of breast cancer patients.
Keywords: Breast cancer, life survival, cancer stage, RSCM
Kata kunci : Kanker kolorektal, Matched case control, Faktor risiko
Colectal cancer disease is colon cancer and rectum until now is a health problem in the word, including in Indonesia yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factor and dominant factor of colorectal cancer. The design of study used was matched case control with age matching using the medical record data, the data of case were colorectal cancer patients and control were trauma and fracture patients. The calculate sample is 122 people were 61 pairs of cases and controls. The result of bivariate analysis of mc nemar chi square showed related risk factor was red meat diet with OR=27 (95% CI 4,45-1105,4), high fat intake with OR=2,2 (95% CI 0,967-5,542), and low fiber intake with OR=44 (95% CI 7,49- 1776,9). Multivariate analysis of conditional logistic regression showed the most important factor was low fiber intake with OR=26,8 (95% CI 3,448-209,5). The unrelated risk factors are gender, education level, family history, family income, physical activity, obesity, smoking and alcohol. It is necessary to prevent the prevention of colorectal cancer by increasing fiber intake, reducing fat intake and concumption pattern of read meat.
Keywords : Colorectal cancer, Matched case control, Risk factor
High mortality rates from cervical cancer globally can be reduced through a comprehensive approach that includes effective prevention and screening. Early detection with IVA method is one method that is safe, inexpensive, and easy to do. This study aims to determine the determinants of early cervical cancer detection behavior by VIA method in women in Indonesia. This research is quantitative using secondary data from the 2016 Non-Communicable Disease Research with cross sectional research method. This study covers 34 regency/city provinces throughout Indonesia. The sample of this study is women aged 25-64 years who have had sex in Indonesia with a total of 4.092 respondent. The results showed that only 25.6% of respondents who did early detection of cervical cancer the rest 74.4% had never done early detection of cervical cancer by VIA method. The results of statistical analysis show that age, knowledge, number of children born, health insurance ownership, information sources from health workers, information sources from cadres, sources of information from family/friends/neighbors and media exposure are factors of early cervical cancer detection behavior using the method VIA in women in Indonesia. The need for increased access to information, education by utilizing technological advancements is one step in increasing the knowledge and awareness of the Indonesian people
One of the health problems in Indonesia is cancer. Among all types of cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer are the most common types of cancer suffered by women in the world. Breast self-examination (BSE) is still recommended by health practitioners, among others, it is free, simple and easy to practice. Health cadres are the spearhead of health services at the community and community level by providing IEC to increase public knowledge and awareness to determine the quality of health and life. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the practice of KIE BSE in the Health Center area of West Bogor District. This research is quantitative using primary data with cross sectional research method. This research is located in the area of West Bogor District Health Center, namely Semplak Health Center, Sindang Barang, Pasir Mulya, Gang Kelor and Pancasan. The sample of this research is PTM Posbindu Cadres who have been trained. The results showed that 53.3% of PTM Posbindu cadres who practiced IEC BSE well and 47.6% of cadres who did not do IECE BSE well in the Puskesmas area of West Bogor District. The results of statistical analysis show that knowledge of IEC BSE, IEC Facilities and Family Support are the most dominant factors in carrying out IEC BSE Practices. It is necessary to increase access to provide information and education and cadres as Role Models in increasing public interest in doing BSE which aims to increase life expectancy and early detection of breast cancer.
ABSTRAK Nama : Hairida Anggun Kusuma Program Studi : Pascasarjana Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul : Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Lesi Prakanker Serviks di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur Tahun 2017 Permasalahan kanker serviks di Indonesia sangat khas yaitu banyak dan lebih dari 70% kasus ditemukan pada stadium lanjut pada saat datang ke rumah sakit. Peningkatan upaya penanganan kanker serviks, terutama dalam bidang pencegahan dan deteksi dini sangat diperlukan oleh setiap pihak yang terlibat. Penelitian kasus kontrol ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian lesi prakanker serviks. Penelitian melibatkan 102 kasus dan 306 kontrol dari cacatan medis pemeriksaan deteksi dini kanker leher rahim dan payudara tahun 2013 – 2016. Penelitian di 11 puskesmas yang telah melaksanakan pemeriksaan IVA di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling dominan. Sebagian besar umur responden ≤35 tahun, pendidikan dasar, tidak bekerja, tidak mempunyai riwayat kanker, usia melakukan hubungan seksual >17 tahun, punya pasangan seksual satu, tidak pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi oral >5 tahun, paritas ≥4 dan tidak pernah pap smear. Sedangkan untuk paparan asap rokok sama besar antara yang terpapar dan tidak terpapar. Hasil regresi logistik ganda menemukan terpapar asap rokok dengan (OR 1,9 95% CI 1,1 – 3), riwayat kanker keluarga (OR 2,5 95% CI 1,3-4,6), paritas ≥4 (OR 2 95% CI 0,9 – 4,4) dan jumlah pasangan seksual lebih dari 1 (OR 1,5 95% CI 0,9 – 2,8) dan faktor yang paling dominan adalah riwayat kanker keluarga. Kata kunci: Lesi prakanker serviks; paparan asap rokok; riwayat kanker keluarga.
ABSTRACT Name : Hairida Anggun Kusuma Study Program : Postgraduate Public Health Faculty Title : Factors Related to Cervical Precancerous Lesions in East Kotawaringin District 2017 The problem of cervical cancer in Indonesia is very distinctive that many and more than 70% of cases are found at an advanced stage upon arrival to the hospital. Increased efforts to treat cervical cancer, especially in the field of prevention and early detection is needed by each party involved. This case-control study aims to determine risk factors associated with the incidence of cervical precancer lesions. The study included 102 cases and 306 controls derived from medical records examining early detection of cervical and breast cancers from 2013 to 2016. The study was at 11 puskesmas who had performed VIA examination in East Kotawaringin District. Data analysis was done univariat, bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression to know the most dominant factor. Most of the respondents aged ≤35 years, primary education, unemployment, no history of cancer, age of sexual intercourse >17 years, had one sexual partner, never used oral contraceptives >5 years, parity ≥4 and never pap smear. As for exposed by smoke as large between the exposed and not exposed. The result of logistic regression showed exposed to cigarette smoke (OR 1,9 95% CI 1,1 – 3), family cancer history (OR 2,5 95% CI 1,3-4,6), parity ≥4 (OR 2 95% CI 0,9 – 4,4) dan sexual multipartner (OR 1,5 95% CI 0,9 – 2,8) and the more dominant risk factor was family history of cancer. Keywords: cervical precancerous lesions;exposed by smoke; family history of cancer
The high mortality rate in cervical cancer patients is caused by the majority of patientscoming to treatment already at an advanced stage. Cancer if found in the early stages ofmore than half can be prevented even can be cured. Early detection program of cervicalcancer one of them can be done through IVA test and if found the pre cervical cancerlesion followed by treatment of cryotherapy. There are still occurrences of losing follow-up in patients with positive IVA results, there are still women do not perform cryotherapydue to fear of action cryotherapy. A monitoring system is required to reduce the incidenceof losing follow up. System development using System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)with prototyping method. The development of this system involves the user in performingthe needs analysis, so that the system developed in accordance with the needs of the user,the system can be accessed either from the side of health personnel or patient, inputexamination results performed by health personnel, then automatically send smsreminder to patients with results IVA Positive who has been scheduled to take action ofcryotherapy, the system also provide sms reminder to health workers to contact andintervene patients who did not attend to cryptotherapy up to a certain time limit, for thepatient side, patients can see the results of screening there are also articles related toeducation about cervical cancer, this educational menu can knowledge of patients aboutcervical cancer. The development of this information system can improve monitoringcapability in the presence of sms reminder feature so as to reduce the incidence of losingfollow-up in patients with pre-cervical cancer lesions, in addition Patients facilitated inobtaining information related to cervical cancer screening and advanced treatment, thissystem can also increase knowledge patients with educational menus found in thisapplication.Key words:Cervical Cancer, Information System, Monitoring, SMS Reminder.
