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Introduction. High HbA1c can potentially cause various health implications, primarily related to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Poor sleep quality increases the risk of elevated HbA1c levels through multiple mechanisms. This study aims to determine the association between sleep quality and high HbA1c levels in Indonesia's productive age population of 20-59 years. Methodology. This study was conducted cross-sectionally using Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 data in 2014. The sample size was 4223 using the total sampling method. Data were analyzed descriptively and estimated using multiple logistic regression analysis. The data were analyzed using STATA 13 software. Results. The prevalence of high HbA1c levels was 6.06%, while the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 15.16%. A total of 15.47% who experienced high HbA1c levels had poor sleep quality. The final model analysis showed that those with poor sleep quality were statistically significantly associated (p<0.001) and increased the risk of high HbA1c by four times compared to those with good sleep quality (PR= 3.99; 3.0563-5.2173). There were no confounders that could interfere with the association of high HbA1c levels with poor sleep quality in this study. However, those who were ≥45 years old, female, hypertension, and BMI ≥23 kg/m2 had a greater risk of high HbA1c in poor sleep quality. Conclusion. Poor sleep quality was shown to be significantly associated with the incidence of high HbA1c levels. Requires educational interventions and health counselling in the productive age population related to maintaining sleep quality based on the components of good sleep quality for maintaining normal HbA1c levels.
Tuberkulosis sensitif obat (TB SO) salah satu penyakit infeksius penyebab kematian utama dunia. Terjadi peningkatan kematian pasien TB SO di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor usia, jenis kelamin, status bekerja, klasifikasi lokasi anatomi, klasifikasi riwayat pengobatan, komorbid DM, dan status HIV dengan kematian pasien TB SO selama masa pengobatan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode : Desain studi penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif dengan metode analisis survival Kaplan meier. Hasil : Hasil menunjukkan proporsi kematian pasien sebesar 4,5% dengan probabilitas kesintasan mencapai 90,1%. Faktor yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kematian pasien adalah usia >40 tahun (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2,3; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1,925-2,629), jenis kelamin laki-laki (HR 1,2; 95% CI 1,047-1,396), pasien kambuh dan lainnya (HR 2,8; 95% CI 2,351-3,339), memiliki komorbid DM (HR 1,4; 95% CI 1,159-1,598), dan status positif HIV (HR 4,7; 95% CI 3,879-5,623). Kesimpulan : Faktor usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat pengobatan, komorbid DM, dan status HIV merupakan faktor kematian pasien TB SO di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Saran berupa dilakukan audit penyebab kematian dan peningkatan standar prosedur layanan oleh pihak Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi direkomendasikan.
Drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB SO) is one of the world's leading causes of death. There has been an increase in the deaths of TB SO patients in DKI Jakarta Province. Objective: This study aimed to determine the influence of age, gender, work status, anatomical location classification, treatment history classification, DM comorbidities, and HIV status on the death of TB SO patients during the treatment period in DKI Jakarta Province. Methods: The study design of this research was a retrospective cohort with the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method. Results: The results showed that the proportion of patient deaths was 4.5% with survival probability was 90.1%. Factors of death were age >40 years (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.3; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.925-2.629), male gender (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.047-1.396), patient relapse and others ( HR 2.8; 95% CI 2.351-3.339), having comorbid DM (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.159-1.598), and HIV positive (HR 4.7; 95% CI 3.879-5.623). Conclusion: Age, gender, treatment history, comorbid DM, and HIV status are death factors of TB SO patients in DKI Jakarta Province. Suggestions in the form of an audit of the causes of death and improving standard service procedures by the Provincial Health Service are recommended.
