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Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus tipe 2, kepatuhan diet, karakteristik individu, faktor psikososial
The level of dietary adherence in Indonesia is still low. Diet in maintaining food is often become an obstacles because the patient is still tempted by all food that can worsen their health. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study was using a cross-sectional design. The samples studied were all type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 with the age range 25-65 years was outpatient, samples were taken with non-random sampling method with purposive sampling of 130 people. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, filling-out questionnaires, 1x24 hour food recall and dan (semi- quantitative food frequency questionnaire) SFFQ form. The results showed 13.8% of respondents were diet-compliant. There were significant relationship between gender (p=0.008) and length of suffering (p=0.044) with between dietary adherence. The result of logistic regression test showed that the duration of suffering is the dominant factor associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were expected to pay attention to the diet recommended and carry it out well, to actively to improve the knowledge related to the disease diabetes mellitus and related to the other factors and still preserve diet that has been run for who has long been suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dietary adherence, individual characteristics, psychosocial factors
Stunting is a public health problem that needs to be addressed both in Indonesia and the World. The real impact of this problem is hampered motor development, mental growth and increased risk of morbidity and death. One of the risk factors for stunting in children is the lack of nutritional intake of infants, especially exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding with stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months in Tamansari sub-district, Bogor district, 2019. The research design used was cross-sectional using primary data. The sample in this study amounted to 500 toddlers obtained by Proportional Random Sampling. This research was conducted in July 2019. Data collection was carried out by measuring height, body length, interviews with questionnaires and food recall. Stunting status was assessed based on the TB / U indicator <-2 z-score. The analysis used in this study uses multivariate cox regression analysis and the magnitude of the effect is expressed in the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confident interval (CI). The results showed that the prevalence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months in Tamansari sub-district, Bogor district in 2019 was 39.2%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that toddlers who were not given exclusive breastfeeding had a chance of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.03-1.83) times stunting compared to toddlers who were given exclusive breastfeeding after being controlled by maternal education and toddler calorie intake. It is necessary to improve maternal education at least high school and to provide toddlers food intake that is high in energy and protein and affordable by the community.
