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Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus, hiperkolesterolemia, antropometri
Hypercholesterolemia is the leading predictor of various cardiac disease (CVD) which is the leading cause of death in the world. This study aims to determine whether there are any differences the incidence of hypercholesterolemia based on factors related to it in people with diabetes mellitus at Pasar Minggu Primary Health Care in 2018. This study used a cross-sectional method with a sample size of 126 respondents using consecutive sampling. Research variables studied were incidence of hypercholesterolemia, sex, duration of diabetes mellitus, family history of diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, physical activity, stress level, body fat percentage and fat intake. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia incidence in DM patients was 56.3% with 37.1% in men and 63.7% in women. Of all independent variables studied, significant differences with statistical analysis were in sex (OR = 2.947, p = 0.009), family history (OR = 0.443, p = 0.018) and smoking habits (OR = 1,233; p = 0.038). Meanwhile, there was no significant the incidence of hypercholesterolemia differences based on duration of diabetes mellitus, physical activity, stress level, anthropometry and fat intake due to p > 0.05. To conclude, there were significant differences in sex, family history of diabetes mellitus and smoking habits with hypercholesterolaemia incidence, with an increased risk of hypercholesterolemia in line with female sex, family history of DM and active smoking habits.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, anthropometry
This thesis mainly discusses about the growth disorders, stunting, wasting andunderweight in children aged 0-59 months in Indonesia. Nutrition be an importantrole during the growth and development period of the children, which isirreversible. Nutritional assessment by anthropometric measurements performedusing height of age index (stunting), height of weight index, weight of age index.The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of socio-economicfactors and other factors, such as the adequacy of energy and protein, malariainfection, basic sanitation, and health care of LBW status in children 0-59 monthsof growth disorders. This research is quantitative, with a cross-sectional studydesign usingData Analysis of Primary Health Research 2010. Samples of thisstudy are all children aged 0-59 months who were respondents in Data Analysis ofPrimary Health Research 2010.Result of this study indicates that economic statusand level of intelligence of the parents have influence on children's growthdisorders. The lower the economic status of the family the riskier a toddler in thefamily would experience growth disorder.Toddlers from the family with lowesteconomic status have 1.8 times greater risk for experiencing stunting, 1.4 timesgreater risk for experiencing wasting, and 1.7 times greater risk for experiencingunderweight compared with toddlers from family with highest economic status.Toddlers with less educated parents also have greater risk for experiencing growthdisorder. Socio-economic factors in family underly the growth disorder of thetoddlers and would also affect the fulfillment of the nutritional intake, healthservices, and healthy behaviors in toddlers.Key words:stunting, wasting, underweight, irreversible, anthropometry, indexes,social, economic
Abstrak
Alat ukur yang valid diperlukan untuk mengetahui status gizi lebih pada remaja puteri sehingga dapat diambil tindakan yang tepat, cepat dan mencegah kebingungan pengguna alat dalam menentukan alat yang tepat untuk menentukan status gizi lebih pada remaja puteri. Selain itu, alat yang harganya murah, mudah, dan cepat dalam pengoperasiannya juga diperlukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan model prediksi baru yang memiliki validitas optimal untuk memperkirakan persen lemak tubuh siswi MTs dan MA Multiteknik Yayasan Asih Putera Kota Cimahi tahun 2012 sehingga dapat diketahui status gizi lebihnya. Penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi validitas pengukuran antropometri (IMT, IMT WHO (Z Score), Skinfold Thickness (ST), dan Lingkar Pinggang (LP)) dan model prediksi (Slaughter, Deurenberg, Lee, dan Chan) jika dibandingkan dengan Persen Lemak Tubuh (PLT) BIA sebagai gold standard. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional (potong lintang) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif observational. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 110 siswi dengan menggunakan desain stratifikasi proporsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata persen lemak tubuh responden adalah 26.51 % ± 5.48 %. Model prediksi yang didapatkan dari hasil multivariat adalah model prediksi Khairani (PLT Khairani = 0,991 IMT + 0,069 ST + 0,249 U - 1,703). Berdasarkan hasil uji validasi, model prediksi Khairani memiliki validitas optimal jika dibandingkan dengan model prediksi lainnya. IMT memiliki validitas optimal jika dibandingkan dengan seluruh pengukuran antropometri dan model prediksi. IMT dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alat ukur untuk menentukan status gizi lebih pada siswi MTS dan MA Yayasan Asih Putera karena memiliki validitas yang optimal, lebih mudah dan cepat dalam pengoperasiannya, harganya relatif murah dan tidak invasive.
The valid measurement tools needed to identify the overnutritional status of teenage girls in order to take the right action immediately and prevent the ambiguity in choosing the right measurement tools for the users. Beside those, the cheap price, easiness and quickness to use the measurement tools needed also. The purpose of this study was to get the new prediction model which had optimum validity for estimating body fat percentage of school girls from MTs and MA Multiteknik Yayasan Asih Putera Cimahi 2012 in order to identify their overnutritional status. This study also evaluated validation of anthropometric measurements (Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI WHO (Z Score), Skinfold Thickness (ST), and Waist Circumference (WC)) and several prediction models (Slaughter, Deurenberg, Lee, and Chan) against body fat percentage of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) as a gold standard. The design of this study was a cross sectional one with a quantitative observational approach. Quantity of sample was 110 school girls which taken by stratified proportional desain. The result of study showed that mean of body fat percentage of respondents was 26.57 % ±5.20 %. The prediction model which got from the multivariate analysis was Khairani model prediction (MP Khairani = 0,991*BMI + 0,069*ST + 0,249*Age - 1,703). Based on validation test, Khairani model prediction has optimum validity if compared with other prediction models. BMI has optimum validity if compared with other antropometric measurements and prediction models. BMI can be considered as a measurement tool for identifying overnutritional status of school girls?s MTs and MA Yayasan Asih Putera because of it has optimum validity, easiness and quickness in operation, less cost, and noninvasive.
Tesis ini membahas tentang desain ergonomi bagi penyandang cacat lumpuh ekstremitas bawah di ruang pemeriksaan Puskesmas X, Y, Z Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2011 dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis desain ergonomi pada penyandang cacat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Kajian dan analisis desain ergonomi bagi penyandang cacat lumpuh ekstremitas bawah dilakukan dengan triangulasi untuk membanding hasil data observasi, wawancara mendalam dan ceklist serta pengukuran dengan mengacu standar Undang-Undang Kecacatan Amerika Serikat, yaitu Disability of Discimination with Act Tahun 1990 (ADA, 1990). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa variabel bentuk, dimensi, layout, aktivitas, postur dapat menyebabkan postur janggal dan ketidaknyaman karena adanya desain ruang pemeriksaan di Tiga Puskesmas yang dibawah standar Undang-Undang ADA Tahun 1990. Kata Kunci: Penyandang Cacat, Ergonomi, Antropometri, Ruang Pemeriksaan, Puskesmas
The focus of this study is the design ergonomics for lower extrimitas disabled people in the examination room Health Center X, Y and Z South Tangerang City in 2011. The aim is analyze the ergonomic design of the disabled. This study is descriptive research using qualitative methods. Assessment and analysis of ergonomic design done by triangulation to compare the results of observational data, in-depth interviews and checklist as well as measurements with standard reference Disability Act United States, namely of Discimination with Disability Act of 1990 (ADA, 1990). The results revealed that the variable shape, dimensions, layout, activity, posture and awkward postures could cause discomfort because of the design of the examination room in the three health centers under the standard ADA Act of 1990. Key words: Disabled Person, Triangulation, Ergonomic, Anthropometry, Health Care
Kata kunci : Antropometri, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), Gizi lebih, IMT/U, Persen lemak tubuh n
Accurate measurement of body fat percentage as Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), hydrostatic weighing, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is expensive and difficult to used by society. Anthropometric measurement is more simple and easy to use for evaluation of nutritional status. This study aims to obtaine an accurate anthropometric measurement to determine overnutrition with BIA as a golden standard. This study is a validation study conducted on elementary school children grades 4 and 5 (9-11 years old) in Elementary School Nurul Fikri Depok. The results showed that the BMI for age has the highest correlation coefficient (r=0.934) compared with other measurements. In addition, BMI for age also has the best validity (AUC 0.849; Se 82.69%; Sp 69.84%; 69.35% PPV; NPV 83.02%; LR + 2.7; LR- 0.2) with a cut-off +0.5 SD.
Keywords: Anthropometry, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), BMI for age, overnutrition, percentage body fat
