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Antenatal anxiety and depression is one of public health problems that we do not often realize. That has impact on fetus and maternal. Research on prevalence and determine of antenatal anxiety and depression has not been done in Pasar Minggu Primary Health Care in 2013.
Globally, including Indonesia, pregnant women are vulnerable population to experience symptoms of anxiety and depression. If these two symptoms are not identified and treated during pregnancy, it will have an impact on maternal and child health, such as suicide, pre-eclampsia, postpartum depression, premature, and low birth weight. Therefore, screening for symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnant women is very important. However, Indonesia does not yet have instruments and protocols for screening symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnant women in antenatal care (ANC) both conventionally and the use of digital technology. In fact, Indonesia already has a mental health assessment policy in ANC since July, 2021 and is currently carrying out a digital health transformation to improve the quality of health services. This study aimed to develop a screening system for symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnant women based on an expert system in ANC.
The study consists of three stages. Phase 1 tested the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) instrument on 125 pregnant women online through the dissemination of Google forms. Phase 2 assessed the screening ability of EPDS instrument compared to MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) instrument as gold standard in 298 pregnant women. This 2nd phase was carried out in Depok City (Beji, Cipayung, Jati Jajar, and Pancoran Mas public health centre). The MINI assessment was carried out online by two trained enumerators. The 3rd stage was carried out by developing a prototype of an anxiety and depression symptom screening system based on expert system. Statistical analysis at stage 1 employed various types of validity and reliability tests. The 2nd stage was carried out to test sensitivity and specificity. The 3rd stage was evaluated on the accuracy of the expert system and the feasibility of the prototype.
This study produced an Indonesian version of the EPDS instrument that was proven to be valid and reliable for use in the population of pregnant women. This instrument had a sensitivity and specificity of > 90% for screening for symptoms of pregnancy anxiety and depression. The proportion of accuracy in expert systems was > 90%. Pregnant women state that this prototype was easy, short assessment time, and useful to use.
The prototype based on expert system called BMoms, was feasible and able to be carried out for screening symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnant women in ANC. The BMoms prototype can be further developed into a ready and appropriate application so that it becomes an innovative solution for mental health screening in pregnant women.
Background: Anxiety is a psychological condition characterized by excessive worry and profound tension, often without a clear trigger. This phenomenon has become a serious concern, particularly among university students. The emergence of the Indonesia Gelap hashtag on social media reflects public unease, especially among the younger generation, regarding social, political, and economic uncertainty. This situation can trigger psychological distress, including anxiety. University students, as a young adult age group active on social media, are particularly susceptible. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional design and involved 191 active University of Indonesia students from the 2022 cohort, spanning various faculties and study programs. Sampling was conducted using a proportional cluster random sampling technique. Research instruments consisted of three questionnaires: perception towards the Indonesia Gelap hashtag (developed by the researcher), the IUS-12 to measure intolerance of uncertainty, and the DASS-21 anxiety scale. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. Result: The majority of respondents had a negative perception of the Indonesia Gelap hashtag (55%) and a high level of intolerance of uncertainty (55.5%). Bivariate test results showed a significant relationship between perception of the Indonesia Gelap hashtag and anxiety (p = 0.007), intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety (p < 0.001), anxiety and intolerance of anxiety (p < 0.001) Conclusion: Perception of the Indonesia Gelap hashtag narrative and intolerance of uncertainty have a significant relationship with students' anxiety levels.
