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Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air Inhahalation
Lead is one of the toxic chemicals causing dangerous air pollution in the environment and its very dangerous for human health whose toxicity lasts for a lifetime because lead accumulates in the human body. Lead is one of the components of the battery that is needed as the basic material for making batteries. Used batteries can be recycled by melting the lead contained in the plates into black bars that can be reused as raw material for making new batteries. This research was aimed to assess the magnitude of emerging health risk of ambient air Pb exposure to residence at smelter batteries area. This study uses a design of public health risk analysis or also called Public Health Assessment. The subject of this study is the human population at risk of being exposed to Pb in this case the people living around the former battery smelter in Cinangka Village. The highest concentration of Pb measured in the former battery smelting area was 0,91 μg/Nm3 and the lowest concentration was 0,04 μg/Nm3. The biggest intake realtime received by individual was 12,64 × 10-5 mg/Kg/day. The results of the calculation of individual RQ were found that 10,9% (11 respondents) who had a non-carcinogen risk and needed risk management actions. Most of the respondents were experienced one of the symptoms of respiratory problems as much as 86,1%. Further research on particle toxicology evaluation is recommended.
Keyword : Lead, Public Health Assesment, Ambient Air, Inhalation
Safety culture has been defined by the Advisory Committee on Safety in Nuclear Installations (ACSNI,1993) as the product of individual and group values, attitudes and beliefs, competencies and patterns of behaviour that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organisation’s health and safety management (HSE, 2005) . While, safety climate is workers' perceptions and perspectives on policies, procedures, and work practices related to safety carried out by management (Ismail, 2015) . Safety climate is often used to describe the more ‘tangible’ outputs of an organisation’s safety culture (Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Offshore Safety Division of the HSE, 2010) . Safety climate analysis through surveys can be used to identify relationships between important dimensions of safety in an organization and how it can contribute to the overall results of safety culture (M.D. Cooper, 2000) . This research was conducted at an oil company called PT. ABC. Occupational accident data of PT. ABC in all production areas (2014-2019) concluded that 71% of accidents occur due to Unsafe act (immediate cause), and 49% due to Human Factor (root cause). In this research, the author will analyze the application of safety climate in offshore production areas. The results of observations show that there are differences in the application of safety climate aspects among workers based on shift schedule, position, status of workers, duration of work in offshore, and work experience. These data are the focus of the author to be used as research material in analyzing safety climate. The research conducted is mixed methods research in which some data will be assessed quantitatively and some will be assessed qualitatively. The results of the study were analyzed descriptively with in-depth analysis. The tool used to analyze aspects of the safety climate is the "Offshore Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit" developed by Loughborough University which divides workers' perceptions into three types, namely perception as individuals, perceptions as work units, and perceptions as company members. This method uses a questionnaire media that involves 95 respondents (the entire population) and interviews with several of the company's safety responsibility stakeholders as targets. From the safety climate analysis results obtained 8,16 values, where this can be interpreted that the workers' perceptions of safety values are well internalized within workers both as individuals, as work units and as members of the company. Statistical calculations concluded that there were no significant differences in the application of work safety climate between 18 workers with a rhythm schedule of 2 weeks on / off, and 2 weeks on-1 week off (p (0,263)> 0.05) , workers with staff and non-staff positions (p (0,794)> 0.05), workers with indefinite time employment agreements and workers with certain time work agreements (p (0,881)> 0.05), workers with short term offshore employment and long term workers (p (0,953)> 0.05), and young / fresh graduate and experienced / experienced workers (p (0,065)> 0.05). There were significant differences in the application of work safety climate between workers with a rhythm schedule of 3 weeks on / off, and 2 weeks on-1 week off (p (0,000)< 0.05) and between workers with a rhythm schedule of 3 weeks on / off, and 2 weeks on/ off (p (0,003)< 0.05)
ABSTRAK Nama : Eko Sukti Wibowo Program Studi : Magister Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Judul Tesis : Kajian Risiko Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Pada Fasilitas Onshore Operations PT. XYZ Tahun 2017 Abstrak Kebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan kejadian yang sering terjadi di fasilitas Sumatra Onshore Operations PT. XYZ. Berdasarkan statistik terdapat 22 kasus kebakaran lahan antara tahun 2013 sampai 2015, terjadi antara bulan Juli sampai Oktober. Kebakaran ini menimbulkan kerusakan aset dan menggangu kegiatan operasional di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko fasilitas Plant, Sumur dan Jalur pipa pada radius 25 meter terhadap bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Kemudian dapat ditentukan kebijakan administratif dan teknis untuk menanggulangi dampak yang terjadi. Pengambilan data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah mengacu pada Peraturan Penanggulangan Bencana Nomor 02 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pedoman umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana. Sedangkan data sekunder diambil dari kajian risiko jalur pipa Level 1 dan Level 2 PT.XYZ. Dari hasil analisa data primer menunjukkan bahwa seluruh aset berada pada tingkat risiko rendah sampai dengan sedang terhadap bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Aset dengan nilai indeks kerentanan paling tinggi (sebesar 1.5) adalah sumur 13, jalur pipa 2, 3, 13, 14 dan trunk line. Sedangkan tingkat kapasitas berada pada tingkat indeks sedang dan tinggi. Sedangkan berdasarkan kajian risiko jalur pipa level 1 dan 2, terdapat beberapa jalur pipa yang memiliki tingkat risiko yang Signifikan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor korosi akbiat kerusakan coating. Untuk aset yang tidak memenuhi kriteria penerimaan PT. XYZ, sudah diterapkan proses mitigasi yang tepat dan terancana. Kebijakan penanggulangan bencana yang dilakukan adalah rutin revalidasi dokumen kajian risiko, evaluasi ulang strategi program surveillance dan land clearing, inspeksi dan program perlindungan jalur pipa, pelatihan tim tanggap darurat dan penduduk lokal, dll. Kata kunci: Kajian Risiko, Kebakaran hutan & lahan, Jalur Pipa, PT. XYZ.
ABSTRACT Name : Eko Sukti Wibowo Study Program : Magister Occupational Health and Safety Title : Forest and Land Fire Risk Assessment at Sumatra Onshore Operations Facilities of PT.XYZ Year 2017 Abstract Forest and land fire are recurring event at Sumatra Onshore Operations Facilities of PT.XYZ. Statistic shows that there were 22 cases reported during 2013 until 2015, occurred among May until October. This fire causing asset damaged and interrupted operational activities at field. This research is conducted to define risk level of Plant, Well and Flowline within radius 25 meters from forest and land fire. Then able to determine administrative and technical action to mitigate it effect. Primary data in this research was taken refer to ‘Peraturan Penanggulangan Bencana Nomor 02 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pedoman umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana’. Meanwhile, the secondary data taken from pipeline risk assessment Level 1 and Level 2 of PT. XYZ. The analysis results of primary data shows that all A1 assets have low up to medium risk level to forest and land fire hazards. Asset which has highest vulnerability index (1.5) are Well 13, flowline 2, 3, 13, 14 and Trunk line. Meanwhile the capacity index on medium - high level. Then based on pipeline risk assessment level 1 and 2, there are some flowlines with significant risk level. It caused by external corrotions factors due to coating breakdown. However proper mitigation plan has been implemented specific for assets aren’t meet with risk acceptance criteria of PT. XYZ. Strategies that should be developed to mitigate impact are: regular revalidation risk assessment study, re-evaluate strategy surveillance and land clearing program, inspection and flowline protection programs, training/socialization emergency respond team and local community, etc. Key words: Risk Assessment, Forest and land Fire, Flowline, PT. XYZ
Kata kunci: Penilaian risiko, AS/NZS 4360:2004, konsekuensi, kemungkinan, pajanan, level risiko
This study was conducted to determine niali existing risks at each stage of work on the lathe , milling , and drilling conducted in the workshop machining techniques Vocational High School 1 Bekasi . This research was conducted with the value that analyze the consequences , probability , and exposure using a semi-quantitative risk level standards William . T. Fine . This study was a descriptive study using semiquantitative methods AS / NZS 4360 : 2004 . Results of the research is a level of risk that exist at every stage of the process lathe , milling , and drilling in workshop machining techniques is very high level , priority 1 , substantial , priority 3 , and acceptable .
Keyword : The risk assessment , AS / NZS 4360 : 2004 , consequences , probability , exposure , risk level