Abstrak: Childhood obesity, a major public health problem, can lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Studies have implicated exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a commonly used chemical, in the development of obesity in adults. However, literature is limited on this association in children. We examined the association between urinary BPA and obesity in children aged 6-18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2008). The primary exposure was urinary BPA and the outcome was obesity, defined as the ≥ 95th percentile of body mass index specific for age and sex. We found a positive association between increasing levels of urinary BPA and obesity, independent of age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, physical activity, serum cotinine, and urinary creatinine. Compared with children in the lowest quartile of BPA (5.4 ng/mL) had a multivariable odds ratio for obesity of 2.55 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65, 3.95) (Ptrend < 0.01). The observed positive association was predominantly present in boys (odds ratio = 3.80, 95% CI: 2.25, 6.43) (Ptrend < 0.001) and in non-Hispanic whites (odds ratio = 5.87, 95% CI: 2.15, 16.05) (Ptrend < 0.01). In a representative sample of children, urinary BPA was associated with obesity, predominantly in non-Hispanic white boys, independent of major risk factors.

Abstrak: We examined the relationship between parent-perceived neighborhood safety and children's physical activity, sedentary behavior, body mass, and obesity status using 9 years of longitudinal data (1999-2007) on a cohort of approximately 19,000 US kindergartners from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Children's height and weight measurements and parent perceptions of neighborhood safety were available in kindergarten and in the first, third, fifth, and eighth grades. Dependent variables included age- and gender-specific body mass index percentile, obesity status, and parent- or child-reported weekly physical activity and television-watching. Pooled cross-sectional and within-child longitudinal regression models that controlled for child, family, and school characteristics were fitted. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal models indicated that children whose parents perceived their neighborhoods as unsafe watched more television and participated in less physical activity, although the magnitude of this association was much weaker in longitudinal models. However, there was no significant association between parent-perceived neighborhood safety and children's body mass index.

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Tujuan: Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk memperkirakan kejadian hipertensi serta pengaruh indeks massa tubuh terhadap kejadian hipertensi penduduk umur ≥ 25 tahun di Indonesia yang pada awalnya bebas hipertensi. Prevalensi hipertensi menunjukkan peningkatan selama beberapa periode. Sejalan dengan peningkatan hipertensi, prevalensi overweight dan obesitas juga mengalami peningkatan. Metode: 12623 penduduk umur ≥ 25 tahun pada IFLS4-2007 yang diambil dari kerangka sampel IFLS2-1997 yang bebas hipertensi. Indeks massa tubuh diukur berdasarkan berat badan dibagi tinggi badan dikuadratkan. Sedangkan hipertensi didefinisikan sebagai tekanan darah sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. Hasil: Kejadian/insiden hipertensi yang pada sampel awal tahun 1997 0% menjadi 21,8% pada tahun 2007. Rata-rata indeks massa tubuh awal pada IFLS2-1997 adalah 21,0 kg/m 2 . Setelah follow up 10 tahun (IFLS4-2007) rata-rata indeks massa tubuh mengalami peningkatan menjadi 22,8 kg/m 2 . Indeks massa tubuh pada kelompok obesitas (IMT ≥ 30,0 kg/m 2 ) setelah dikontrol ix Universitas Indonesia umur, IMT terkini, status perkawinan, status pekerjaan, konsumsi ikan asin, dan kolesterol memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kejadian hipertensi dengan risiko relatif (RR) 1,34 (95% CI: 1,04-1,73). Kata kunci : Indonesia, hipertensi, indeks massa tubuh.

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Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of hypertension and body mass index effect on the incidence of hypertension population aged ≥ 25 years in Indonesia, which were initially free of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension showed an increase over several periods. In line with the increase in hypertension, the prevalence of overweight and obesity are also increasing. Method: 12623 population aged ≥ 25 years at IFLS4-2007 samples drawn from IFLS21997 framework that is free of hypertension. Body mass index is measured by weight divided by height squared. While hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Results: The incident of hypertension in the initial sample of 1997 0% to 21.8% in 2007. The average initial body mass index on IFLS2-1997 was 21.0 kg/m2. After 10 years of follow-up (IFLS4-2007) the average body mass index increased to 22.8 kg/m2. Body mass index in obese group (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) after controlling for age, current BMI, marital status, employment status, salted fish consumption, and cholesterol have a significant influence on the incidence of hypertension with a relative risk (RR) 1.34 (95% CI: 1.04 - 1.73). Key words: Indonesia, hypertension, body mass index.

Abstrak: Prahipertensi pada remaja diketahui dapat menyebabkan kejadian hipertensi di masa dewasa, oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan kejadian prahipertensi pada remaja di SMA Budi Mulia Kota Bogor tahun 2016. Penelitian yang bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain crosssectional ini dilakukan pada April?Mei 2016 pada 130 siswa berusia 14-18 tahun. Data tekanan darah didapatkan melalui pengukuran menggunakan sfigmomanometer merkuri Riester tipe novapresameter dan stetoskop Littmann. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dikalkukasi dari hasil pengukuran antropometri berat badan dan tinggi badan. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescence digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat aktivitas fisik. Data asupan natrium didapatkan dari wawancara 24 hour food recall. Sedangkan data berat lahir, waktu tidur, riwayat hipertensi keluarga, dan jenis kelamin didapatkan dari pengisian angket. Prevalensi prahipertensi pada penelitian ini adalah 21,5% serta ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara tekanan darah dengan indeks massa tubuh, berat lahir, dan riwayat hipertensi keluarga.Indeks massa tubuh merupakan faktor dominan kejadian prahipertensi dengan odds ratio sebesar 7,664. Responden disarankan untuk menjaga IMT kurang dari 1 standar deviasi menurut standar WHO serta menghindari faktor risiko lain jika memiliki riwayat hipertensi pada keluarga untuk mengurangi risiko kejadian prahipertensi.

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Prehypertension in adolescents known as a risk factor of developing hypertension later in life. The objective of this study is to identify the dominant factor determining the prevalence of prehypertension among adolescents in SMA Budi Mulia Kota Bogor 2016. Cross-Sectional Study was conducted from April until May 2016 involving 130 students aged 14?18. Blood Pressure measurement obtained using Riester Novapresameter Mercury Sfigmomanometer and Littman Stethoscope. Body Mass Index data was calculated from weight and height measurements. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolesent was used to obtain Physical Activity Data. Sodium Intake was calculated by conducting twice 24-hour food recall. Self Administered Questionnaire was used to collect remaining data such as Birth Weight, Sleep Duration, Family History of Hypertension, and Sex. The prevalence of prehypertension is 21,5%. Chi-Square analysis found no association between blood pressure and physical activity, and also with sleep duration. Associations adjusted for Sodium Intake, Birth Weight and Sex showed independent relationship with BMI (OR=7,664) and Family History of Hypertension(OR=4,007) Respondents are advised to maintain BMI below 1 standard deviation according to WHO standards and avoid other risk factors if happen to have hypertension history in the family to reduce the risk of prehypertension.

Abstrak: Investigators in several epidemiologic studies have observed an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer risk, while others have not. The authors used data from the Women's Health Initiative to study the association of anthropometric factors with lung cancer risk. Over 8 years of follow-up (1998–2006), 1,365 incident lung cancer cases were ascertained among 161,809 women. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios adjusted for covariates. Baseline BMI was inversely associated with lung cancer in current smokers (highest quintile vs. lowest: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42, 0.92). When BMI and waist circumference were mutually adjusted, BMI was inversely associated with lung cancer risk in both current smokers and former smokers (HR = 0.40 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.72) and HR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.94), respectively), and waist circumference was positively associated with risk (HR = 1.56 (95% CI: 0.91, 2.69) and HR = 1.50 (95% CI: 0.98, 2.31), respectively). In never smokers, height showed a borderline positive association with lung cancer. These findings suggest that in smokers, BMI is inversely associated with lung cancer risk and that waist circumference is positively associated with risk.