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Malaria menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan terutama di wilayah tropis dan subtropis. menurut organisasi kesehatan dunia WHO, sekitar 249 juta kasus malaria dilaporkan di 85 negara endemik [1]. Kabupaten Banjarnegara merupakahn salah satu wilayah peringkat ketiga di Jawa tengah di wilayah dataran tinggi. Kejadian malaria dapat dikaitkan dengan berbagai faktor, termasuk iklim seperti suhu, curah hujan dan kelembapan yang dapat memengaruhi dinamika populasi nyamuk Anpheles, yang merupakan vektor utama malaria. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana faktor iklim dan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara selama periode 2014-2024. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan pendekatan time-trend analisis. Data kejadian malaria di Indonesia, serta data iklim dari Dinas Kesehatan Banjarnegara, dan BMKG dan POWER NASA. Data diolah menggunakan teknik korelasi dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis bivariat suhu udara menunjukkan hubungan yang lebih stabil dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap peningkatan kasus malaria. Korelasi paling kuat dan signifikan ditemukan pada tahun 2018 (r = 0,646; p = 0,014), dengan uji Pearson. Analisis multivariat nilai (B = 2.381). Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,239 menunjukkan bahwa model dapat menjelaskan sekitar 23.9% variasi kejadian malaria. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa setiap kenaikan suhu sebesar 1°C berkorelasi dengan peningkatan rata-rata 2,38 kasus malaria per bulan. Hasil ini mencerminkan bahwa meskipun faktor iklim memiliki kontribusi terhadap kejadian malaria, masih terdapat faktor lain di luar model yang turut memengaruhi.
Kata kunci:
Curah Hujan, Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Kelembapan Relatif, Malaria, Suhu.
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 249 million malaria cases were reported across 85 endemic countries. Banjarnegara Regency, located in a highland area, ranks third in malaria incidence in Central Java. Malaria transmission is influenced by various factors, including climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity, which affect the population dynamics of Anopheles mosquitoes—the primary vectors of malaria. This study aims to analyze the relationship between climatic factors and malaria incidence in Banjarnegara Regency from 2014 to 2024. An ecological study design with a time-trend analytical approach was employed. Malaria incidence data were obtained from the Banjarnegara Health Office, while climate data were sourced from the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) and NASA POWER. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple linear regression techniques. Bivariate analysis showed that air temperature had a more stable and statistically significant association with malaria cases. The strongest and most significant correlation was observed in 2018 (r = 0.646; p = 0.014) using Pearson’s test. In multivariate analysis, the regression coefficient (B = 2.381) and the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.239) indicated that the model explains approximately 23.9% of the variation in malaria incidence. This suggests that each 1°C increase in temperature is associated with an average increase of 2.38 malaria cases per month. These findings highlight that while climatic factors contribute to malaria incidence, other factors beyond the model also play a significant role. Keywords: Banjarnegara Regency, Malaria, Rainfall, Relative Humidity, Temperature. Correspondence Syifa Rifqa Ainur Rahmah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: syifarifqa.a.r@gmail.com Mobile: 081380376644
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease that frequently affects Indonesia and caused by the dengue virus from infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Climatic factors are known to affect DHF incidence. In 2014-2020, Bogor Regency became the region with the highest DHF deaths in West Java. This study aims to analyze several climatic factors with DHF incidence in Bogor Regency in 2017-2021 using an ecological study design. Using Spearman?s rank correlation coefficient, the results indicate that humidity (r=0,351; p=0,006) and rainfall (r=0,258; p=0,046) have a moderate effect on DHF incidence, while temperature has no effect on DHF incidence (p>0,05).
COVID-19 is an infectious disease that is currently still a pandemic in almost all of the world. East Jakarta is the city in DKI Jakarta Province with the highest number of positive confirmed cases of COVID-19, amounting to 212,021 cases. Several studies have stated that climatic factors have a relationship with the incidence of COVID-19. Apart from climate factors, individual risk factors such as age and gender are also known to influence the incidence of COVID-19. In general, this study aims to determine the relationship between individual factors (age and gender) and climate factors (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and rainfall) with COVID-19 cases in East Jakarta in 2020-2021. This research uses an ecological study design based on time. The results of the study show that there is a moderate relationship with a negative pattern between ambient temperature and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in East Jakarta in 2020-2021. There is a weak correlation with a positive pattern between relative humidity and rainfall with confirmed cases of COVID-19 in East Jakarta in 2020-2021. There is a moderate correlation with a positive pattern between wind speed and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in East Jakarta in 2020-2021. There is a strong or perfect correlation with a positive pattern between male and female sexes with confirmed cases of COVID-19 in East Jakarta in 2020-2021. Strong or perfect correlation with positive pattern between all age groups with confirmed cases of COVID-19 in East Jakarta in 2020-2021.
The diarrhea occurrences become one of the major causes of child mortality inIndonesia. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Climate orWeather Changes (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) with the pattern ofdiarrhea occurrences at Puskesmas Jatimakmur. Bekasi is one of the major citiesin West Java province, and has the highest number of diarrhea occurrences whichreach 14.044 cases (Dinkes Bekasi, 2012).This research applied secondary data obtained from the Annual Report ofPuskesmas Jatimakmur in 2013-2014. While another secondary data obtainedfrom BMKG Halim Perdana Kusuma Airport Station. It requires the ecologicaldesign study and linear regression analysis to determine the impact oftemperature, humidity, and rainfall patterns into diarrhea occurrences.This research found that the temperature, humidity, and rainfall in Jatimakmursub-district do not have significant relation (Temperature R value= 0.082,humidity R= 0.283 and rainfall R= 0.070) with diarrhea cases. However, the effectof 0.7%, 8%, and 0.5% can explain which elevating in 1◦C temperature willincrease 4.2% diarrhea cases, 1% humidity will increase 2.3% diarrhea cases, and1 mm of rainfall will increase 0.01% diarrhea cases in the period of 2013-2014.Key words:Diarrhea, Temporal Cycle, Temperature, Humidity, Rainfall, Jatimakmur.
