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As a workplace, office environments have significant hazards and risks associated with the interactions between human and computer. The consequences that may arise are related with the healthy state of worker, direct and indirect financial impact, and company productivity impact. In order to protect the workers, company assets and facilities; a comprehensive office ergonomics program is required to manage the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. As a start, necessary measures are required to improve the knowledge and perceptions of workers in the aspects of office ergonomics. Knowledge and perception are the foundation to achieve healthy behavioral changes. The healthy behavioral change is required for workers to control the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. Education, in the form of training, acts as one of critical factors to increase knowledge and perception. This study is performed to analyze the effect of office ergonomics training intervention on the knowledge and perception of office workers at PT XYZ. Quasi-experimental research was selected by involving both, the intervention and comparison groups. Two treatments were given to the intervention group, they are self-learning type intervention and online office ergonomics training intervention. Only one treatment was given to the comparison group, the self-learning intervention. Based on the research, it is concluded that the online office ergonomics training increased the knowledge and overall perceptions of the office workers of PT XYZ. Online office ergonomics training gave a more significant influence than the self-learning type intervention.
Kata kunci: ergonomi, kantor, otot rangka.
Administrative workers are at risk for MSDs (Musculoskeletal Disorders). This research was conducted in order to give a description of ergonomic risk related to MSDs on typing activity among administration workers. Methodology that were used are RULA, QEC, ROSA, and NBQ. Results show that typing is a high risk activity, further evaluation are frequently required and changes need to be made. Posture while using computer are in category which needs ergonomic intervention. Neck, right and left shoulder, upper and lower back, are areas that are most complained, both in the last 1 year or 1 week. Typing is a high risk activity among administrative workers.
Keywords: ergonomic, office, musculoskeletal.
This study presents our investigations of ergonomic factors that related to Indoor Health and Comfort/IHC (with indicators Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms and work comfort) and Musculaskeletal Symptoms (MSS) suffered by functional and staff workers in Office X year 2017. Conducted in X Office in Indonesia, with the object study are functional and staff workers who work using computer or laptop in staff room which cubicle type (room A, B, C, D, and E). This study perform via walktrought observation, interview, measure indoor air quality/environment factors and fill indoor comfort quesionaire, SBS symptoms quesionaire and Nordic Body Map (NBM) quesionaire . 53,85% of workers have a high level of work comfort and 46,15% of workers have a low level of work comfort. 53,85% of workers suffered complaint of SBS symptoms with at most complaint of SBS symptoms be found are 33,85% tired or strained eyes and 33,85% fatigue or drowsiness. 78,57% of workers suffered MSS complaint. Ergonomic factors that not comform to standard include seat dimensions, table dimensions, computer used, work posture, room dimensions, room layout, room colors, and noise, lighting, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide , formaldehyde, and VOCs. There is significant relationship between activity level factors and work comfort; VOCs concentration and complaint of SBS symptoms. There is no significant relationship between ergonomic factors are studied and MSS complaint.
Employees activities of PT PLN UIP X which are in the main office is conducting a projectadministration, where the majority of working time to be in the room to work using acomputer. Working hours by employees is 8 hours a day (with a period of rest for 1 hour) and5 days a week. With such a work pattern, if ways of working (postures and duration), workequipment used (chairs, tables, equipment placement computer), the layout of the workspace(office building, workstation), and the office environment (temperature, humidity, lighting,bacteria in the room) are not eligible and is influenced by the individual characteristics ofemployees (age, gender, working life and exercise habits ) then potentially affected byergonomic risk, i.e. musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), job stress and fatigue. Researchconducted on 52 respondents where complaints seen from the individual characteristics ofeach employee. MSDs complaint was measured using a questionnaire Nordic Body Map,complaints of job stress was measured by a questionnaire DASS 42 and the fatigue wasmeasured by a questionnaire IFRC. The results showed that MSDs are the biggest complaintof employees with an average of 17.17%. The most complained of part of the body is theneck pain over with value of 50%, and then the right shoulder pain 42.31%, the lumbago42.31%, the back pain 38.46%, the neck pain lower 34.62% and the left shoulder pain30.77%. Judging from the individual characteristics obtained complaint data MSDs asfollows: women complain more than men, employees aged > 35 years more complaining thanemployees aged < 35 years, employees with working life > 10 years more complaining thanworking life <10 years, and employees who do not exercise more complaining thanemployees who regularly exercise. While fatigue is relatively small on average 6.86% whilethe stress only in the category of mild stress by an average of 11.54%.Key word: Employees of PLN UIP X, office, work posture, work equipment, officeenvironment, individual characteristic, musculoskeletas disorders.
Seiring dengan peningkatan pendidikan, semakin banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang
bekerja di perkantoran. Sektor perkantoran tidak luput dari berbagai potensi bahaya dan
risiko, baik yang berasal dari pekerjaannya ataupun dari lingkungan kerjanya. Oleh
karena itu, implementasi K3 di lingkungan perkantoran diperlukan untuk mencegah dan
mengurangi penyakit akibat kerja dan penyakit lain, serta kecelakaan kerja pada
karyawan, dan menciptakan perkantoran yang aman, nyaman, dan efisien untuk
meningkatkan produktivitas kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis
implementasi standar K3 perkantoran di kantor PT X Gandul, menganalisis faktor yang
berhubungan dengan hasil implementasi tersebut, dan memberikan rekomendasi
perbaikan terkait implementasi K3 Perkantoran. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis
deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan telaah
dokumen untuk menilai penerapan K3 pada aspek kebijakan, keselamatan kerja,
kesehatan kerja, ergonomi, dan kesehatan lingkungan kerja. Hasil penilaian menunjukkan
bahwa implementasi K3 di kantor PT X Gandul secara umum berada pada kategori sangat
baik dengan capaian total 84%, di mana aspek kebijakan (100%), keselamatan kerja
(91%), ergonomi (85%), dan kesehatan lingkungan kerja (92%) memperoleh nilai sangat
baik, sementara aspek kesehatan kerja berada pada kategori baik dengan capaian 66%.
Faktor utama yang mendukung keberhasilan implementasi K3 di kantor PT X Gandul
adalah komitmen manajemen, ketersediaan sumber daya, tingkat pengetahuan dan
awareness pekerja, serta evaluasi dan pemantauan berkala. Namun, ditemukan beberapa
indikator yang belum terpenuhi seperti ketiadaan water sprinkler dan heat detector,
ketiadaan stopper pada slot parkir, ketiadaan jalur khusus troli, belum optimalnya fasilitas
ruang ASI, serta pengelolaan sampah yang perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini
merekomendasikan PT X untuk melakukan peningkatan pada fasilitas pendukung,
pemerataan program kesehatan kerja pada seluruh kantor PT X, membuat KPI perprogram, dan melakukan pembagian tugas secara spesifik sesuai pilar K3KL. Selain itu,
peneliti juga merekomendasikan adanya pengkajian ulang indikator penilaian pada
Permenkes Nomor 48 Tahun 2016 dan Instrumen Penilaian Mandiri, agar lebih fleksibel
dan relevan dengan kondisi nyata perkantoran di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini
diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pengembangan kebijakan dan praktik K3
perkantoran yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan.
Along with the increase in education, more and more Indonesian people work in offices. The office sector is not free from various potential hazards and risks, both from their work and from their work environment. Therefore, the implementation of K3 in the office environment is needed to prevent and reduce occupational diseases and other diseases, as well as work accidents in employees, and to create a safe, comfortable, and efficient office to increase work productivity. This study aims to analyze the implementation of K3 office standards at the PT X Gandul office, analyze factors related to the results of the implementation, and provide recommendations for improvements related to the implementation of K3 Office. The study uses a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and document reviews to assess the implementation of K3 in the aspects of policy, occupational safety, occupational health, ergonomics, and work environment health. The assessment results show that the implementation of K3 at the PT X Gandul office is generally in the very good category with a total achievement of 84%, where the aspects of policy (100%), occupational safety (91%), ergonomics (85%), and work environment health (92%) received very good scores, while the occupational health aspect is in the good category with an achievement of 66%. The main factors supporting the success of K3 implementation in PT X Gandul office are management commitment, availability of resources, level of knowledge and awareness of workers, and periodic evaluation and monitoring. However, several indicators were found that have not been met such as the absence of water sprinklers and heat detectors, the absence of stoppers in parking slots, the absence of special trolley lanes, suboptimal breastfeeding room facilities, and waste management that needs to be improved. This study recommends PT X to improve supporting facilities, equalize occupational health programs in all PT X offices, create KPIs per program, and divide tasks specifically according to the K3KL pillars. In addition, the researcher also recommends a review of the assessment indicators in Permenkes Number 48 of 2016 and the Independent Assessment Instrument, to be more flexible and relevant to the real conditions of offices in Indonesia. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in developing more effective and sustainable office K3 policies and practices.