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Cervicitis is one of the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). There is a correlation between socio-demographic development and migration with increase of the number of high-risk populations. WHO estimates there are 376 million new infections by 1 out of 4 STIs, such as chlamydia (127 million), gonorrhea (87 million), syphilis (6.3 million) and trichomoniasis (156 million). Gatot et al, showed that 11.9% of patients had cervicitis. Iskandar, et al, also showed the prevalence of cervical infections (chlamydia 9,3% and 1,2% gonorrhea). Based on the results of the SDKI, there had been an increasing trend in contraceptive use in Indonesia from 1991 to 2017. There was a statistically significant association between cervicitis and HPV infection. It will increase the risk of getting infected by HPV if cervicitis is left untreated. Additionally, a person with mucopurulent cervicitis symptoms has an increased risk of cervical cancer. This study aims to determine the relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and the incidence of cervicitis. This is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design. This study used secondary data from the results of the VIA examination at the primary health care supervised by the Female Cancer Program (FcP) in DKI Jakarta in 2017-2019. The number of samples were 3563 people, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study used logistic regression to analyze the data. The prevalence of cervicitis in this study was 11.20%. There is a relationship between hormonal contraceptive use and the incidence of cervicitis which is statistically significant with p-value<0.0001. Thus, it is necessary to carry out periodic checks on women who use hormonal contraception to prevent cervicitis and cervical cancer.
In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of face masks is one of the preventive measures recommended by WHO and has proven effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection. However, there are differences in the implementation of policies on the use of masks in various countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the description of face masks policy in various countries and the factors that influence the differences in policies in these countries. The method used in this research is a literature review using four online databases, namely PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The inclusion criteria applied in this study include: available in both Indonesian and English, literature published from 2020 to 2022, articles available in full-text form and focus on discussing differences in policies on the use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries. This study uses 10 selected literature studies which show that there are 5 categories of face mask policies in various countries, namely; no policy, recommended, required in some public spaces, required in all public spaces, and required outdoors at all times. This study also found that the factors that influence the policy on the use of masks in various countries include COVID-19 epidemiological instruments differences, politics, policy demands, culture, and the level of vaccination achievement. In addition, it was also found that the policy on the use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic is time dependent.
The unknown factors affecting postpartum contraceptive use in sub-district health centers Jagakarsa makes the writer interested in conducting research on the factors that influence the use of postpartum contraception in Jagakarsa district health center. The factors that will be examined are: predisposing factors (maternal knowledge about contraception and family planning services, maternal attitudes toward contraception, maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation, number of living children, the youngest child age, reproductive intentions and autonomy on fertility and family planning) , enabling factors (affordability of family planning services) and reinforcing factors (husband support and counseling KB). This research is quantitative research design of case-control study conducted in May-June 2013. In the case of this study population was all women aged 15-49 years, had the smallest child to the age of 0-42 days and using contraception. While population control is all women aged 15-49, have children ages 0-42 tterkecil the day and not using contraception. Number of samples obtained from two different test formula proportions were 49 respondents for the case group and 49 respondents to the control group. Sampling was done by systematic random sampling. Data collected by mengajkan question on the questionnaire.
This study aims to determine the effect of predisposing and enabling factors and reinforcing factors on the status of contraceptive use among adolescents who have risky sexual behavior. Teenagers are a very large population group, which is around 64 million 9 Universitas Indonesia people or 28.6 percent of the 222 million inhabitants of Indonesia. Globally there are around 50 million adolescents with unmet need for contraception. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach, using secondary data from the 2017 IDHS on the Adolescent Reproductive Health component. The results showed that 54.9% of 1,109 adolescents were using risky contraception. Factors that influence the status of contraceptive use in adolescents who have risky sex behavior in Indonesia in 2017 are knowledge of FP methods, access to reproductive health counseling services, gender, education and place of residence. Access to reproductive health counseling services is the most dominant factor, respondents who have never accessed reproductive health counseling services have a 28 times risk of not using contraception when having risky sexual behavior after being controlled by other factors (OR 27,620; 95% CI: 1,435-531,57 ). It is important to strengthen the implementation of counseling and education for adolescents from an early age in order to meet the needs of adolescents for accurate and complete information about health, reproductive health, and sexual health and family life.
Kata kunci :Penggunaan Obat Rasional, Kepatuhan Petugas
This thesis discusses the compliance officer the good with the bad for herbehavior in delivering drugs rational or irrational in children under five withpneumonia and diarrhea diseases. This research is a quantitative study with cross-sectional design. The results stated that there are many officers who gave the drugis not rational is above 60% and is recommended for SOP made in the provisionof treatment in accordance with the standard drug Rationality
Keywords:Rational Drug Use, Compliance Officer
ABSTRAK Tingkat penggunaan kondom pada kelompok Waria sebesar 39% pada tahun 2007 terjadi sedikit peningkatan sebesar 36% tahun 2011 (Kemenkes 2011), tetapi masih dibawah target (60%) (KPAN, 2010). Penggunaan kondom pada seks komersial dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan penjaja seks untuk menawarkan pemakaian kondom ketika berhubungan seks kepada pelanggannya. Dari penjaja seks yang tidak pernah menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pelanggannya ternyata pemakaian kondom pada seks komersial terakhir cukup rendah, hanya sekitar 10–20%. Determinan yang diduga berhubungan dengan perilaku Waria dalam menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks antara lain : umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan pencegahan HIV/AIDS, riwayat IMS, kemudahan memperoleh kondom, lama melakukan seks komersil, kontak dengan petugas, konsumsi alkohol/napza sebelum berhubungan seks. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku Waria dalam menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks. Penelitian ini menggunakan data STBP tahun 2011 yang dilakukan di 5 kota besar di Indonesia, dengan desain studi Cross Sectional. Jumlah data yang dapat dianalisis sebanyak 684. Hasil menunjukan bahwa proporsi Waria yang menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks sebesar 81,3%. Determinan yang berhubungan signifikan adalah kontak dengan petugas (p=0,000), OR = 3,847 (95% CI= 2,507– 5,902) dan kemudahan memperoleh kondom (p=0,000), OR = 3,010 (95% CI= 1,934–4,685). Umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan pencegahan HIV/AIDS, riwayat IMS, lama melakukan seks komersil dan konsumsi alkohol/Napza sebelum melakukan hubungan seks tidak berhubungan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka saran yang dapat diberikan adalah peningkatan frekuensi kontak petugas dengan Waria baik petugas dari pemerintah maupun dari LSM yang peduli terhadap masalah HIV/AIDS dengan Waria untuk membahas risiko tertular HIV dan cara pencegahannya terutama tentang pentingnya menggunakan kondom dalam hubungan seks berisiko dan menjamin agar kondom selalu tersedia dan terjangkau dalam jumlah cukup terutama di dalam tempat kerja Waria.
ABSTRACT Levels of condom usage on MTF transgender group was found 39% at 2007, there was a increase of 36% in 2011 (Ministry of Health, 2011), still below the target (60%) (KPA, 2010). Condom usage in commercial sex is influenced by the ability to negotiation sex workers condom usage to sex patner. At sex workers who do not ever negotiation to sex patner of condom usage turns was found condom usage at last sex is quite low, only about 10-20%. Determinants related to MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner among others: age, level of education, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, STI history, ease of obtaining condoms, old of commercial sex, contact with the officer, the consumption of alcohol/drugs before sex. The purpose of this study to knowing determinants of MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner. This study uses producted IBBS conducted in 2011 in 5 major cities in Indonesia, with a cross-sectional study design. The amount of data that can be analyzed as many as 684. Results showed that the proportion of MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner was 81.3%. Determinants significantly related are contact with the officer (p = 0.000), OR = 3.847 (95% CI = 2.507 to 5.902) and the ease of obtaining condoms (p = 0.000), OR = 3.010 (95% CI = 1.934 to 4.685). Age, level of education, knowledge of HIV / AIDS, STI history, the old of commercial sex and alcohol / drugs before sex are not related. Based on these results, the suggestions can be given are to increase the frequency of contact of the officers with MTF transgender both officers of the government and NGOs concerned with the problem of HIV/AIDS with MTF transgender to discuss the risk constracting HIV and how to prevent it, especially about the importance of condom usage in unsafe sexual behavior; and affordable in sufficient quantities, especially in the workplace MTF transgender.
