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Previous studies have reported that there are long-term effects of quitting smoking on weight gain which also exacerbate prehypertension, but the effects are unclear. This study aims to determine the association of smoking and obesity on the incidence of prehypertension in young adults in Indonesia. This quantitative research is a cross-sectional analytic study using secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 with samples of 17,698 and Cox regression analysis. The results of this study explain that the prevalence of prehypertension in young adults in Indonesia is 52.61%. Multivariate analysis showed non-smokers and obese young adults had the greatest risk of developing prehypertension, which was 1.33 times. However, a decreasing effect was found in young adults who smoked and were obese on the incidence of prehypertension, which was 1.17 times, and a protective effect was found in those who smoked and were not obese (PR=0.88) due to the antagonistic interaction of smoking and obesity on prehypertension by 3.42%. Check blood pressure using applications on smartwatches and smartphones in young adults who smoke and focus on those who are obese plus increasing the implementation of Posbindu PTM in public places and promoting health through social media.
ABSTRAK Nama : Asma Ul Husna Program Studi : Magister Epidemiologi Judul : Hubungan StatusTempat Tinggal Dengan Prehipertensi (Analisis Data Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 Tahun 2014) Pembimbing : Dr. dr. Krisnawati Bantas, M.Kes Latar Belakang : Prehipertensi adalah istilah yang dipilih untuk mengelompokkan seseorang dengan risiko tinggi untuk terkena hipertensi. Orang dengan prehipertensi akan mengalami resiko terjadinya peningkatan tekanan darah menjadi hipertensi, dimana orang yang tekanan darahnya berkisar antara 130–139/80-89 mmHg memiliki 2x risiko menjadi hipertensi dan mengalami penyakit cardiovascular daripada orang yang tekanan darahnya lebih rendah. Saat ini belum diketahuinya angka prevalensi prehipertensi di Indonesia dan bagaimana hubungan status tempat tinggal dengan prehipertensi di Indonesia. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui prevalensi prehipertensi di Indonesia Tahun 2014 dan untuk mengetahui hubungan status tempat tinggal dengan prehipertensi di Indonesia Tahun 2014. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 22.012 orang. Data penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang didapatkan dari Indonesian Family Life Surveys (IFLS) 5 tahun 2014. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi logistik. Hasil : Prevalens kejadian prehipertensi di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 didapatkan sebesar 48,6%. Berdasarkan analisis Multivariat menunjukkan hasil bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan untuk terjadinya prehipertensi dengan nilai p < 0,05. Besar asosiasi berdasarkan nilai POR adalah sebesar 1,39 dengan 95% (CI 1,32 – 1,48). Ditemukan adanya interaksi antara variabel umur, status gizi dan kesulitan tidur dengan status tempat tinggal terhadap terjadinya prehipertensi. Kata kunci : Status Tempat Tinggal, Prehipertensi, IFLS 5 Tahun 2014
ABSTRACT Name : Asma Ul Husna Study Program : Magister of Epidemiology Title : Relationship Status of Residence with Prehypertension (Data Analysis Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 Year 2014) Counsellor : Dr. dr. Krisnawati Bantas, M.Kes Background: Prehypertension is a term chosen to group people at high risk for hypertension. People with prehypertension will have an increased risk of blood pressure to hypertension, where people whose blood pressure ranges from 130-139 / 80-89 mmHg have 2x the risk of becoming hypertensive and having cardiovascular disease than people with lower blood pressure. Currently, the prevalence of prehypertension in Indonesia is not known and how the relationship of residence status with prehypertension in Indonesia. Objective: To know prevalence of prehypertension in Indonesia Year 2014 and to know relation of residence status with prehypertension in Indonesia Year 2014. Method: This research use cross sectional design with sample number 22,012 people. This research data is secondary data obtained from Indonesian Family Life Surveys (IFLS) 5 year 2014. Data analysis is done by logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of prehypertension occurrence in Indonesia in 2014 was 48,6%. Multivariate analysis showed that there was significant difference for prehypertension with p <0,05. Associations based on POR values are 1.39 with 95% (CI 1,32 – 1,48). There was an interaction between age variables, nutritional status and difficulty sleeping with residence status against prehypertension occurrence. Keywords: Status of Residence, Prehypertension, IFLS 5 Year 2014
Hipertensi dan prehipertensi merupakan bagian dari spektrum penyakit kardiovaskular yang kini mulai banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia produktif, dan berpotensi menjadi penyebab utama beban penyakit tidak menular (PTM) jika tidak tertangani sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan proporsi kejadian hipertensi dan prehipertensi berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada remaja dan dewasa muda (15–34 tahun) di Indonesia, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang terkait. Studi ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan analisis data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Sampel terdiri dari 16.961 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis dilakukan melalui uji chisquare dan regresi logistik dengan nilai p value ≤ 0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proporsi
hipertensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan (17,6%) dibandingkan laki-laki (16,0%), sedangkan prehipertensi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (19,2%) dibandingkan perempuan (15,1%). Faktor usia, status gizi, aktivitas fisik, perilaku merokok dan konsumsi alkohol, serta determinan sosial seperti pendidikan dan pekerjaan menunjukkan asosiasi dengan kejadian hipertensi dan prehipertensi, terutama pada kelompok laki-laki. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya kebijakan kesehatan berbasis gender yang fokus pada promosi dan pencegahan hipertensi di usia produktif, serta peningkatan deteksi dini untuk memanfaatkan bonus demografi secara optimal.
Hypertension and prehypertension are part of the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases that are increasingly prevalent among the productive age group and have the potential to become a major burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) if not addressed early. This study aims to describe the proportion of hypertension and prehypertension cases by sex among adolescents and young adults (aged 15–34 years) in Indonesia, as well as to identify the associated risk factors. A cross-sectional design was employed using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). The sample consisted of 16,961 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression with a p value threshold of ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the proportion of hypertension was higher in females (17.6%) than in males (16.0%), while the proportion of prehypertension was higher in males (19.2%) than in females (15.1%). Factors such as age, nutritional status, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption behaviors, as well as social determinants like education and occupation, were found to be associated with hypertension and prehypertension, particularly among males. This study recommends the development of gender-sensitive health policies focusing on the promotion and prevention of hypertension among individuals in their productive years, alongside improved early detection efforts to optimize the benefits of the demographic dividend.
Prehypertension among adolescenses plays important role on raising the risk of hypertension among adults. The purpose of this study is to know the related and dominant factors of prehypertension among 14-17 years old adolescence in SMA Al-Azhar 3 Jakarta based on sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status (BMI), physical activiy, sodium intake, and sleep duration, and smoking habit. This study used cross-sectional design. Total of 142 respondents from grade X and XI were included in this study. Instruments used are questionnaires, mercury sfigmomanometer, stethoscope, digital scales, and microtoice The result of study shows that prehypertension prevalence is 40.8%. There is significant correlation in sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status (BMI), sodium intake, and sleep duration. Nutritional status (BMI), especially overweight, is the dominant factor of prehypertension with odds rasio of 5.998. It is suggested to measure other variables that have not been measured in similiar research. Keywords : Prehypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, sleep duration, sodium intake, adolescence
