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ABSTRAK
Spherical tank yang berisi Butana merupakan subjek berpotensi hazard (kebocoran, kebakaran dan ledakan) yang dapat memberikan konsekuensi terhadap fasilitas dan manusia sebagai obyek penerima yang berada pada radius pajanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pemodelan dengan input data primer dan sekunder yang diaplikasikan dalam perangkat lunak ALOHA, Area Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere. Hasil penelitian terhadap skenario kejadian kebocoran, kebakaran dan ledakan di fasilitas pengolahan minyak dan Gas PT Z mendapatkan nilai konsukeuensi zona bahaya sampai radius satu kilometer. Zona aman setelah radius satu kilometer.
ABSTRACT
Spherical tanks containing Butane is subject of potentially hazard (leak, fire and explosion) which can bring facility and human consequences as the recipient objects which are in the radius of exposure. This research uses input modeling with primary and secondary data which applied in the Area Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) software. The study of the leak, fire and explosion incidence scenario at oil and gas processing facilities of PT Z scores shows threat zone to a radius of one kilometer. Safety zone distance after radius kilometer.
WT16 Solvent storage tank has a potential fire risk because this tank contain flammable liquid solvent. Even though, there is no record that this case ever happens in Indonesia. But, fire risk assessment is the essential activities that need to do for chemical industry, petrochemical industry or any other industry that use hydrocarbon in their industrial activity. The method used for this paper is descriptive method with secondary data about the storage tank. This paper use qualitative risk assessment result that fire risks for WT16 the storage tank is high. Then based on the calculation of the ALOHA software in getting the results of the thermal radiation in tank number 3 have 71 meters with 10 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 97 meters with 5 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 147 meter with Kw/m2 intensity of radiation and for tank number 2 have 68 meters with 10 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 94 meters with 5 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation, 142 meters with 2 Kw/m2 intensity of radiation. Then, a safe distance by calculating using the acceptable separation distance calculator results obtained within safe for humans 179, 16 meters and 35.38 meters for buildings for tank number 3 and for the tank number 2 the safe distance is at 128, 60 meters for humans and 24, 48 feet for the building.
According to ILO convention (International Labour Organizations), petrochemicalinstallation is one among other industry with a major hazard risk involved in theindustrial process. PT Pupuk Kujang Involved ammonia in the production processsaved on 10000 MT capacity storage tank. Although there is no leaking history forammonia storage tank at PT Pupuk Kujang it does not mean the potential for theevent to happen became impossible. The ammonia storage process still process thepotential of a mishap, malfunction or damage that could jeopardize the integrity ofthe storage tank an eventually leakage could occur. With this background, anconsequence analysis required for PT Pupuk Kujang around the facility to understandthe hazard and risk possibly occur, so proper mitigation and emergency plan could beproduce.In this study, the analysis of the consequences of leakage performed using BREEZEIncident Analyst . This studies show that the occurrence and impact of leakage can becaused by the failure of major and minor failures were analyzed by Fault TreeAnalysis, The projection produced by BREEZE Incident Analyst show the maximumdispersion distance is more 262.6 m with 25 ppm ammonia concentration and164.6 m for 150 ppm ammonia concentration and 116.9 m for 750 ppm ammoniaconcentration. Areas at risk of dispersion of the distribution of ammonia in variousscenarios are Factory Cleaver 1A, 1B Kujang utility plant, cooling tower andammonia refrigerant.Keywords : Storage tank, Ammonia, dispersion, BREEZE Incident analyst, FaultTree Analysis
Diare masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan berbasis lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan kualitas air minum dan sanitasi rumah tangga. Kontaminasi mikrobiologi pada air minum, terutama akibat pencemaran fekal, dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kualitas mikrobiologi air minum rumah tangga dengan kejadian diare di Kota Depok, dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori triad epidemiologi yang menekankan interaksi antara agent, host, dan environment dalam proses terjadinya penyakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case-control dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder SKAMRT Kota Depok tahun 2025. Variabel independen yang dianalisis yaitu kontaminasi mikrobiologi air minum, dan variabel confounding meliputi, sumber air minum, jarak sumur dengan septic tank, pengolahan air minum, dan perilaku pembersihan wadah air minum. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya variabel jarak sumur dengan septic tank yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian diare (p = 0,03; OR = 2,41; 95% CI: 1,14–5,1). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa jarak sumur dengan septic tank merupakan faktor dominan terhadap kejadian diare (p = 0,022; OR = 0,415; 95% CI: 0,196–0,878). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor sanitasi lingkungan, khususnya jarak sumber air dengan septic tank, masih menjadi faktor penting dalam pencegahan diare di Kota Depok
Diarrhea remains one of the major environmental health problems associated with drinking water quality and household sanitation. Microbiological contamination in drinking water, particularly due to fecal pollution, may increase the risk of diarrheal disease. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the microbiological quality of household drinking water and the incidence of diarrhea in Depok City using the epidemiological triad theory approach, which emphasizes the interaction between agent, host, and environment in the occurrence of disease. This study employed a case-control design utilizing secondary data obtained from the Household Drinking Water Quality Surveillance (SKAMRT) of Depok City in 2025. The independent variable analyzed was microbiological contamination of drinking water, while the confounding variables included drinking water source, distance between wells and septic tanks, drinking water treatment practices, and cleaning behavior of household water storage containers. Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The results showed that only the distance between wells and septic tanks had a significant association with diarrheal incidence (p = 0.03; OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.14–5.1). Multivariate analysis further indicated that the distance between wells and septic tanks was the dominant factor associated with diarrhea incidence (p = 0,022; OR = 0,415; 95% CI: 0,196–0,878). This study demonstrates that environmental sanitation factors, particularly the proximity of water sources to septic tanks, remain important determinants in diarrhea prevention efforts in Depok City.
Along with the development of the world's industry and since the beginning of theindustrial revolution, the world is never be separated from the use of chemicals. Oneof the chemicals used is hydrogen chloride/hydrochloric acid which is the rawmaterial of plastic PVC, furniture cleaning materials, to produce gelatin, foodaddictive substances, and the leather tanning process, so the risk of HCL is very large.There is no exception for the tank material as the place to store materials. Therefore,it is very necessary need the level risk assessment in design phase HCl 33% storagetank againts tank material and financial consequences aspects if there is a leak at thetank.In this study, the analysis of the risk assessment used the Quantitative Risk AnalysisMethode API-RBI 581:2008. This study shows that the value of Probability ofFailure (PoF) obtained is 3909,24 and is on category 5 (1000 < Df-total ≤10000), ifthere is a hole in the wall of the tank its cost of consequence is US$ 8.670.000, oncategory D and at the high level risk. While the cost of consequence if there is a holeat the plate of bottom tank is US$ 21.500.000.000 and is on category E and at thehigh risk level.Keywords : Storage tank, Ammonia, dispersion, BREEZE Incident analyst, FaultTree Analysis
Accident in this case was a traffic accident is a road ttraffic incident in which at least involves a vehicle causing injury or loss to the owner (WHO, 1984). To determine the cause of the accident at PT. Pertamina Plumpang Patra Niaga North Jakarta. This study is a qualitative research with in-depth interviews, participant observation with the help documentation. When the study in May 2014 through June 2014. Informant is the Site Supervisor, HSE Manager PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga, supervisor fleet management, fleet supervisors, maintenance, crew supervisor tank cars, tank cars crew, PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga. From the results of this study showed that accidents in view of the phases before, during and after a crash. Then each - each phase in terms of the human factor, vehicle and the environment. The most influential factor is human terms is exhausted. Fatigue will cause a decrease in the function of the body and lack of concentration. From the results of this study found that knowledge of AMT (Tank Car Crew) has been good with the holding of a training program K3, safety talk, safety briefing, hazard communication. But still many are found unsafe behavior, there are many who commit violations such as the AMT works in excess of the prescribed limit ie more than 12 hours, over speed. This is contrary to the Act No. 22 of 2009 which determined that the maximum length of employment is 12 hours.
