Ditemukan 6 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query :: Simpan CSV
Harijani A. Marwoto
MPPK Vol.XVII, No.3
Jakarta : Balitbangkes Kemenkes RI, 2007
Indeks Artikel Jurnal-Majalah Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Rina Marina; Pembimbing: Ema Hermawati; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Dewi Susanna, Jusniar Ariati, Erliana Setiani
T-5466
Depok : FKM-UI, 2018
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Triana Rachmawati Waznah; Pembimbing: Indang Trihandini; Penguji: Kemal N. Siregar, Indri Oktaria Sukmaputri
S-9850
Depok : FKM UI, 2018
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Bintang Dwi Putro; Pembimbing: Dadan Erwandi; Penguji: Abdul Kadir, Stevan Deby Anbiya Muhamad Sunarno, Adrianus Pangaribuan, Afif Mauludi
Abstrak:
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Peran serta sumber daya manusia dalam menurunkan kejadian kecelakaan kerja sangat dibutuhkan. Partisipasi pekerja dalam melaporkan setiap kejadian kecelakaan kerja sangat diharapkan, guna mengantisipasi terjadinya kecelakaan kerja terulang kembali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan program pelaporan bahaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 166 yang merupakan pekerja transmisi PT Q. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala likert. Analysis data menggunakan analisis univariate dan bivariate dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perceptions, attitude, individual backgrounds dalam kondisi Baik. Sedangkan management, working environment, working methods, daily activities dan program pelaporan bahaya dalam kondisi Sangat Baik Dari 15 pernyataan variabel perceptions 10 pernyataan berhubungan dengan program pelaporan bahaya. Terdapat hubungan antara variabel perceptions dengan program pelaporan bahaya. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara variabel attitude, individual backgrounds dengan program pelaporan bahaya pada pekerja transmisi di PT Q. Terdapat hubungan antara variabel management dan working environment dengan program pelaporan bahaya. Terdapat hubungan antara variabel working methods dan daily activities dengan program pelaporan bahaya. Dapat disimpulkan bawah hanya 1 variabel pada faktor person yaitu perception yang berhubungan dengan program pelaporan bahaya. Semua variabel pada faktor situations dan behaviors berhubungan dengan program pelaporan bahaya
The role of human resources in reducing the incidence of workplace accidents is essential. Worker participation in reporting every workplace accident is highly recommended to prevent recurrence. This study aims to identify factors related to hazard reporting programs. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach cross sectional study. The sample taken was 166 workers who were transmission workers of PT Q. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a likert scale. Data analysis using analysis univariate and bivariate with used SPSS application. The results of the study show that perceptions, attitude, and individual backgrounds are in good condition. Whereas management, working environment, working methods, daily activities and hazard reporting program in Very Good condition from 15 variable statementsperceptions10 statements related to the hazard reporting program. There is a relationship between the variablesperceptionswith the hazard reporting program. There is no relationship between the variable attitude, individual backgrounds with the hazard reporting program for transmission workers at PT Q. There is a relationship between the variablesmanagement and working environment with the hazard reporting program. There is a relationship between the variable working methods and daily activities with the hazard reporting program. It can be concluded that only one variable in the person factor, perception, is related to the hazard reporting program. All variables in the situations and behaviors factors are related to the hazard reporting program
T-7464
Depok : FKM-UI, 2026
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Manendra Muhtar; Pembimbing: Indang Trihandini; Penguji: Besral, Ella Nurlaella Hadi, Melissa Adiatman, Mita Juliawati
Abstrak:
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Latar Belakang: Perawatan gigi dan mulut memiliki risiko tinggi untuk terjadi penularan COVID-19, maka sangatlah penting untuk dokter gigi melaksanakan perawatan dengan protokol pencegahan transmisi COVID-19 yang ketat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis kesiapan dokter-dokter gigi di Indonesia terhadap upaya pencegahan transmisi COVID-19, yang belum banyak diteliti di Indonesia. Dilakukan juga analisis kesiapan dengan faktorfaktor yang dapat memiliki asosiasi dengan kesiapan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross- sectional). Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner secara daring. Total diperoleh 520 sampel, dengan sampel berupa dokter gigi yang masih aktif berpraktik dengan minimal gelar dokter gigi. Pada awal kuesioner, ditanyakan pertanyaan awal mengenai karakteristik responden. Selanjutnya, responden diberikan 21 pertanyaan mengenai persepsi mereka terhadap upaya pencegahan transmisi COVID-19, dan 18 pertanyaan mengenai kesiapan/ rutinitas melaksanakan tindakan-tindakan pencegahan transmisi COVID-19 pada tempat praktik mereka. Hasil: Analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memiliki asosiasi signifikan dengan kesiapan setelah dikontrol variabel lain adalah persepsi (adjusted odds ratio: 22,1, 95% CI: 2,9- 171,8), usia (adjusted odds ratio 0,3, 95% CI: 0,1-0,8), dan lokasi praktik (adjusted odds ratio 2,9, 95% CI: 1,5-5,6). Kesimpulan: Pelatihan dan edukasi dari organisasi profesi dokter gigi untuk meningkatkan kesiapan dokter gigi terhadap berbagai upaya pencegahan transmisi COVID-19 perlu diberikan. Selain pelatihan, berbagai stakeholder juga perlu bekerjasama untuk menangani segala keterbatasan sumber daya yang diperlukan untuk pencegahan COVID-19. Kata kunci: Pencegahan Transmisi COVID-19, Dokter Gigi, Perawatan Gigi dan Mulut
Background: Dental treatments have a very high risk of COVID-19 transmission, therefore, it is very important for dentists to implement strict infection control measures during treatment. In this research, an analysis of dentists’ preparedness towards COVID-19 prevention measures was done. An analysis of the dentists’ preparedness with factors that can have an effect on preparedness was also done. Method: This research used a cross sectional design, and data was taken using an online questionnaire. The inclusion criteria of the samples were dentists that were still actively performing treatment. A total of 520 samples were obtained. In the beginning of the questionnaire, questions regarding the characteristics of the respondents were given. Afterwards, 21 questions regarding the respondents’ perception towards various COVID-19 prevention measures and 18 questions regarding the respondents’ preparedness/ routine in performing the various COVID-19 prevention measures were given. Results: Multivariate analysis with logistic regression showed variables that had a significant association with total preparedness were perception (adjusted odds ratio: 22,1, 95% CI: 2,9- 171,8), age (adjusted odds ratio 0,3, 95% CI: 0,1-0,8), and type of treatment facility (adjusted odds ratio 2,9, 95% CI: 1,5-5,6). Conclusion: Training and education by dentists’ professional organizations to improve the preparedness of dentists towards various COVID19 preventive measures needs to be given. Besides training, stakeholders need to work together to provide various resources needed for COVID-19 prevention if the resources are limited. Keywords: COVID-19 Prevention Measures, Dentists, Dental Settings
T-6173
Depok : FKM-UI, 2021
S2 - Tesis Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Dina Bisara Lolong; Promotor: Sudijanto Kamso; Ko-Promotor: Sabarinah Prasetyo, Bachti Alisjahbana; Penguji: Purwantyastuti, Soewarta Kosen, Mardiati Nadjib, Asri C. Adisasmita, Faisal Yunus
Abstrak:
Tuberkulosis masih menjadi salah satu penyakit menular yang paling mematikan di dunia. Saat ini diperkirakan 9,6 juta orang memiliki masalah terkait TB pada tahun 2014 (5,4 juta laki-laki; 3,2 juta perempuan; dan 1 juta anak-anak). Kasus tertinggi terdapat di India, Indonesia dan China dengan julah kasus masing-masing: 23%, 10% dan 10%. WHO telah memperkenalkan the End TB Strategy dalam upaya menurunkan prevalensi TB, yang berlaku sejak tahun 2016. Sehubungan dengan strategi tersebut, telah ditetapkan target terkait dengan SDGs yaitu menurunkan jumlah kematian TB sebesar 90% dan jumlah kasus TB baru sebesar 80% dari target tahun 2015 untuk tahun 2030 serta memastikan bahwa tidak ada keluarga dibebani dengan bencana biaya karena TB. Prinsip dasar perawatan kasus tuberkulosis adalah sama di seluruh dunia. Diagnosis harus ditetapkan secara akurat dan sedini mungkin, dan rejimen pengobatan harus sesuai standar. Skrining foto toraks menunjukkan sensitivitas yang baik dalam mengidentifikasi individu dengan risiko tertinggi mengalami TB, terutama ketika kriteria abnormal pada paru-paru dan pleura digunakan. Banyak negara menggunakan skrining foto toraks untuk TB peningkatan deteksi kasus TB. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah: menganalisis positivitas skrining TB dengan memanfaatkan pemeriksaan foto toraks serta potensi kerugian ekonomi yang dapat dicegah. Tujuan khusus adalah menganalisis peningkatan positivitas bakteriologi positif pada skrining TB dengan penambahan foto toraks; menganalisis akurasi dengan penambahan pemeriksaan skrining foto toraks dan implikasinya terhadap biaya pemeriksaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder SPTB yang dilaksanakan tahun 2013-2014 untuk tingkat nasional dan 3 wilayah. Disain SPTB 2013-2014 adalah potong lintang dengan stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. Semua partisipan diwawancarai tentang gejala TB dan dilakukan skrining foto toraks kecuali wanita hamil dan partisipan yang menolak. Suspek adalah partisipan dengan gejala TB atau abnormal foto toraks, pemeriksaan sputum mikroskopik, kultur dan Xpert MTB/Rif dilakukan oleh tujuh laboratorium rujukan TB. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa skrining foto toraks dapat mendeteksi sebesar 97% smear positif, 94% smear negatif, serta 95% dari konfirmasi bakteriologis TB. Sebanyak 30% smear positif dan 51% smear negatif serta 43% konfirmasi bakteriologis TB hanya terdeteksi dari skrining foto toraks tanpa skrining gejala TB. Berarti terdapat kasus TB yang tidak terdeteksi jika tanpa skrining foto toraks dan jika hanya mengandalkan skrining gejala TB di Indonesia tahun 2013-2014, sebanyak 602.717 untuk umur ≥15 tahun, dan 421.250 untuk kelompok umur 18-60 tahun diantaranya, laki-laki 273.810 dan perempuan 147.440. Penambahan skrining foto toraks minimal meningkatkan empat kali konfirmasi bakteriologis TB dibanding dengan hanya skrining gejala TB dan sembilan kali jika bersama-sama skrining gejala dan skrining foto toraks. Sensitivitas dan spesifitas abnomal foto toraks pada skrining gejala positif masing-masing terhadap konfirmasi bakteriologis TB adalah 91,3% dan 47,2%. Hasil lainnya apabila hasil uji diagnostik penambahan skrining foto toraks normal pada skrining gejala positif, maka probabilitas pasien tidak TB adalah sebesar 99,4 %(NPV). Hal ini berarti adanya efisiensi dari sekitar 45% pasien dengan skrining gejala TB positif tetapi skrining foto toraks normal, bukan suspek TB sehingga tidak memerlukan biaya untuk pemeriksaan laboratorium smear dan Xpert MTB/RIF. Umumnya (96%) hasil pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF positif adalah kultur positif yang diacu sebagai gold standard, sedangkan hanya 49% hasil BTA positif diantara kultur positif. Penambahan skrining foto toraks untuk mendeteksi TB dapat menghemat biaya pengeluaran dalam deteksi kasus TB terutama pada laki-laki umur produktif. Sebesar 38% biaya yang dapat dihemat berasal dari biaya tidak langsung yaitu kehilangan tahun produktifitas karena kematian dini dan selama sakit. Biaya yang dapat dihemat ini tinggi terutama pada laki (50%) Penambahan pemeriksaan foto toraks juga dapat menurunkan kematian dan transmisi sebesar 75% pada smear positif dan 30% pada smear negatif. Oleh karena itu rekomendasi utama penelitian ini adalah memasukkan skrining foto toraks selain skrining gejala TB pada alur diagnosis TB dewasa bersama pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF dalam deteksi dini kasus TB untuk menurunkan prevalensi, kematian akibat TB dan transmisi di masyarakat.
Tuberculosis remains one of the world?s deadliest communicable diseases. Worldwide, 9.6 million people was estimated to have TB?s related problems in 2014; i.e 5.4 million in men; 3.2 million women and 1 million children. Globally, India, Indonesia and China had the largest number of TB cases: 23, 10 and 10 of total percentage. WHO has launched the End TB Strategy in the effort of reducing TB?s prevalence that has been implemented since 2016. With regard to the target of the strategy which is linked to the SDGs, 90% of mortality and 80% of the new TB cases (year 2015) should be achieved in 2030. In addition, there should be taken for granted there would not any family be financially burden because of TB. The basic principle to cure TB cases is the same all over the world. Diagnose has to be done accurately and as early as possible. In addition, treatment regiments have to be standardized. Thorax screening has shown as a good sensitivity in identifying a high risk TB suspect, especially when abnormality criterion at lung and pleura is implemented. Many countries has adopting screening of thorax photo to escalate for TB case detection. The purpose of this study is to analyze the positivity of TB screening through thorax photo identification and its economics potential losses that can be prevented. The specific purposes are: to analyze the positivity of bacteriologically TB confirmed in TB screening with chest X-ray; to analyze accuracy of adding chest X-ray screening in a bacteriologicallyTB confirmed and its financial implication on TB diagnose. This study utilized a secondary data of SPTB that has been collected in 2013-2014 for national level and 3 regions representative. The design of the study is a cross-sectional, implementing stratified multi-stages cluster sampling. Participants were interviewed on TB?s symptoms and screened for direct digital chest radiography (DDR) except for pregnant women and those refused to participate. Suspect are those who having symptoms of TB or abnormal thorax photo, assessed for microscopic sputum for acid-fast bacillus (AFB),, culture and Xpert MTB/RIF done by seven referal TB?s laboratory. Study results showed, screening for thorax photo can detect as much as 97% of positive smear, 94% of negative smear and 95% of bacteriologically TB confirmed. Without symptoms of TB, thorax photo can detect 30% positive smear, 51% negative smear and 43% bacteriologically TB confirmed. It can be said that there are TB cases that can?t be detected without taking thorax photo. By doing screening of symptoms only, there are 602,717 cases of age ≥15 years old, 421,250 cases of age 18-60 years among others 273,810 cases are men and 147,440 cases are women were may loss detected. By adding thorax screening we can increase four-fold TB bacteria confirmation and nine-fold when both (symptoms and thorax) are done simultaneously. Sensitivity and specificity of abnormal thorax photo for positive symptom towards TB bacterilogically TB cofirmed was 91.3% and 47.2% respectively. Other results was when the results of thorax photo screening normal, but having positive symptoms, the probability of non TB cases was 99.4% (NPV). Thus, there would be about 45% efficiency can be done for cases of symptom positive ? thorax normal, or non TB suspect which can save finance for laboratory smear assessment and Xpert MTB/RIF. Generally 96% of Xpert MTB/RIF positive was culture positive that used as a gold standard comparing to 49% of BTA positive among culture positive. Using chest X-Ray screening to detect TB could save budget in detecting TB cases, especially at men of productive age. As much as 38% finance reveal as indirect cost that is productivity losses due to premature death and temporary disability. This cost saving is relatively high (50%). By adding thorax photo assessment, it can reduce 75% mortality and TB?s transmission of positive smear and 30% of negative smear. The main recommendation of this study is to implement thorax photo screening in spite of TB?s symptom screening at the diagnoses pathways for adult TB cases, simultaneously with early detection of Xpert MTB/RIF to reduce TB prevalence, mortality as well as transmission in the community.
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Tuberculosis remains one of the world?s deadliest communicable diseases. Worldwide, 9.6 million people was estimated to have TB?s related problems in 2014; i.e 5.4 million in men; 3.2 million women and 1 million children. Globally, India, Indonesia and China had the largest number of TB cases: 23, 10 and 10 of total percentage. WHO has launched the End TB Strategy in the effort of reducing TB?s prevalence that has been implemented since 2016. With regard to the target of the strategy which is linked to the SDGs, 90% of mortality and 80% of the new TB cases (year 2015) should be achieved in 2030. In addition, there should be taken for granted there would not any family be financially burden because of TB. The basic principle to cure TB cases is the same all over the world. Diagnose has to be done accurately and as early as possible. In addition, treatment regiments have to be standardized. Thorax screening has shown as a good sensitivity in identifying a high risk TB suspect, especially when abnormality criterion at lung and pleura is implemented. Many countries has adopting screening of thorax photo to escalate for TB case detection.
D-351
Depok : FKM-UI, 2016
S3 - Disertasi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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