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The purpose of this study was to determine the factors (predisposing factors suchas age, knowledge about HIV AIDS, attitudes towards condom use, enablingfactors are exposure to HIV AIDS program and the availability of condoms,reinforcing factor is the existence of peer support groups associated with thepractice of the use of condoms on transsexuals in Tangerang city in 2015. Thisstudy used cross sectional design with a sample totaling 151 transvestites taken ofthe total sample and questionnaire as a measuring tool of the study. The results ofthis study showed that 55.6% of respondents always use a condom, 56.3 % of thesame age to 30 years, 57.6% good knowledge, 51.7% negative attitudes towardcondom use, 53.6% are exposed to HIV AIDS program, 62.3% providedcondoms, 76.2% no peer support groups. According to chi square test there arefour variables that have a significant relation to the practice of condom use ontranssexuals that knowledge about HIV AIDS, exposure to HIV AIDS program,the availability of condoms, and peer support. The most dominant factor is theexposure of HIV-AIDS program to the practice of the use of condoms on atranssexual.Keywords: transvestites, condoms, HIV AIDS
Kata kunci:Waria, faktor, HIV, IMS
HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are public health problem that veryimportant to be considered. As key population of HIV transmissions, Transgender needto be given special intention so its transmission to the general population can beprevented. Based on the Integrated Biological and Behaviour Survey (IBSS) 2011 and2015, the prevalence of STI such as syphilis, clamidia, and gonorrhea on Transgender hasdecreased, while HIV prevalence has increased from 22% to 25%. This study discussesthe factors related to the incidence of HIV and STI among Transgender in 5 cities inIndonesia using data Integrated Biological Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in 2015. Thisstudy is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design followed the design ofthe study on IBBS 2015. The result showed that factors related to HIV dan STI onTransgender in 5 cities are age, education, employment, comprehensive knowledge,consistency of use of condoms, consistency of the use of lubricant, number of anal sexpartners, use of injectable drugs, use of silicone injections, alcohol consumption beforesex, HIV tests, and visits to STI services. The results of the this study showed that the useof silicone injections was the most influential factor on the status of HIV on Transgenderin 5 cities in Indonesia (OR = 1.68).
Key words:Transgender, factors, HIV, STI.
Kata kunci: GSEM, waria, pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS
Transvestites often get discrimination. The risk behavior of transvestites needs anearly detection so as not to be a source of transmission. This study examined thebehavior of transvestites in deciding of HIV/AIDS test in Palembang, Pontianak,Samarinda and Makassar in 2013. The study design is cross sectional, using dataIntegrated Biological and Behavioral Survey (IBBS) 2013. The results of GSEManalysis showed predisposing factors affect the decision of HIV/AIDS test amongtransvestites (path coef. = 0.61). Health workers affect the knowledge oftransvestites (path coef.= 1.1) and has a great influence on decision HIV/AIDStest in transvestites (path coef. = 3.5). Therefore, counseling via health workers isvery important in the decision for HIV/AIDS test.
Key word: GSEM, Transvestites, HIV/AIDS test
The most important risk factor as a primary driver of HIV infection in transgender population is risky sex behavior such as duration of anal sex, consistency of condom use, number of partner sex and selling sex. This study was aimed to investigate association between risky sex behavior and HIV among transgender population in Indonesia 2018-2019. This study was done as secondary data analysis from a national cross-sectional study, namely the Intergrated Biological and Behavior Survey (IBBS) 2018-2019, done by the Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia. In this IBBS, Time Location Sampling (TLS) dan Simple Random Sampling (SRS) were used. All of eligible population were to be study participants of this study. Risky sex behaviors was assessed through guided interview, while HIV infection was determined by series of rapid serologic test. Association, between risky sex behavior and HIV, using PR (prevalent ratio), was analyzed using chi-square test and cox regression model. This study found that transgenders with high risk sex behavior were 1.45 times more likely (95% CI 1,16-1,81) to get HIV infection as compared to transgenders with low risk sex behavior.
ABSTRAK Tingkat penggunaan kondom pada kelompok Waria sebesar 39% pada tahun 2007 terjadi sedikit peningkatan sebesar 36% tahun 2011 (Kemenkes 2011), tetapi masih dibawah target (60%) (KPAN, 2010). Penggunaan kondom pada seks komersial dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan penjaja seks untuk menawarkan pemakaian kondom ketika berhubungan seks kepada pelanggannya. Dari penjaja seks yang tidak pernah menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pelanggannya ternyata pemakaian kondom pada seks komersial terakhir cukup rendah, hanya sekitar 10–20%. Determinan yang diduga berhubungan dengan perilaku Waria dalam menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks antara lain : umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan pencegahan HIV/AIDS, riwayat IMS, kemudahan memperoleh kondom, lama melakukan seks komersil, kontak dengan petugas, konsumsi alkohol/napza sebelum berhubungan seks. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku Waria dalam menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks. Penelitian ini menggunakan data STBP tahun 2011 yang dilakukan di 5 kota besar di Indonesia, dengan desain studi Cross Sectional. Jumlah data yang dapat dianalisis sebanyak 684. Hasil menunjukan bahwa proporsi Waria yang menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks sebesar 81,3%. Determinan yang berhubungan signifikan adalah kontak dengan petugas (p=0,000), OR = 3,847 (95% CI= 2,507– 5,902) dan kemudahan memperoleh kondom (p=0,000), OR = 3,010 (95% CI= 1,934–4,685). Umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan pencegahan HIV/AIDS, riwayat IMS, lama melakukan seks komersil dan konsumsi alkohol/Napza sebelum melakukan hubungan seks tidak berhubungan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka saran yang dapat diberikan adalah peningkatan frekuensi kontak petugas dengan Waria baik petugas dari pemerintah maupun dari LSM yang peduli terhadap masalah HIV/AIDS dengan Waria untuk membahas risiko tertular HIV dan cara pencegahannya terutama tentang pentingnya menggunakan kondom dalam hubungan seks berisiko dan menjamin agar kondom selalu tersedia dan terjangkau dalam jumlah cukup terutama di dalam tempat kerja Waria.
ABSTRACT Levels of condom usage on MTF transgender group was found 39% at 2007, there was a increase of 36% in 2011 (Ministry of Health, 2011), still below the target (60%) (KPA, 2010). Condom usage in commercial sex is influenced by the ability to negotiation sex workers condom usage to sex patner. At sex workers who do not ever negotiation to sex patner of condom usage turns was found condom usage at last sex is quite low, only about 10-20%. Determinants related to MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner among others: age, level of education, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, STI history, ease of obtaining condoms, old of commercial sex, contact with the officer, the consumption of alcohol/drugs before sex. The purpose of this study to knowing determinants of MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner. This study uses producted IBBS conducted in 2011 in 5 major cities in Indonesia, with a cross-sectional study design. The amount of data that can be analyzed as many as 684. Results showed that the proportion of MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner was 81.3%. Determinants significantly related are contact with the officer (p = 0.000), OR = 3.847 (95% CI = 2.507 to 5.902) and the ease of obtaining condoms (p = 0.000), OR = 3.010 (95% CI = 1.934 to 4.685). Age, level of education, knowledge of HIV / AIDS, STI history, the old of commercial sex and alcohol / drugs before sex are not related. Based on these results, the suggestions can be given are to increase the frequency of contact of the officers with MTF transgender both officers of the government and NGOs concerned with the problem of HIV/AIDS with MTF transgender to discuss the risk constracting HIV and how to prevent it, especially about the importance of condom usage in unsafe sexual behavior; and affordable in sufficient quantities, especially in the workplace MTF transgender.
