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Behaviors problem in adolescent often happen and become the focus on publichealth issues in Indonesia. The kind of risks at developmental period take theworries about health risk behaviors. The risk behaviors explored for smoking,alcohol drinking, and premarital sex. A cross sectional study was conductedamong never married men and women 15-24 years olds in Indonesia in 2012. Thestudy used data from Adolescent Reproductive Health Component of the 2012Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The results showed that smoking anddrinking adolescent are significantly associated with a higher likelihood ofengaging in premarital sex. Further, more number of cigarettes smoked andfrequent of drinking alcohol are also significantly associated with premaritalsexual activity. Moreover, the adolescent with ever having sex friends were higheramong sexually active youth than those who were sexually abstinent. Integratedinterventions need to be designed as control and prevention of adolescent riskbehaviors.Keywords : smoking, alcohol drinking, premarital sex, adolescent
Perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja merupakan salah satu masalah yang perlu diperhatikan, khususnya terkait faktor yang mendukung untuk terjadinya perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja dan melihat terdapat peningkatan persentase pada data SDKI 2017 dibandingkan SDKI 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif analitik secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu Data Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 2017 yang dapat diperoleh dari mengakses website Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) dengan mengajukan perizinan pengambilan data sesuai prosedur yang berlaku. Data diolah dengan program SPSS dengan uji odds ratio dan uji regresi logistik ganda. Sebanyak 5,0% responden pernah melakukan perilaku seksual pranikah. Hasil uji multivariat pada responden yang pernah konsumsi alkohol mempunyai kecenderungan untuk berperilaku seksual 12,8 kali lebih tinggi, sedangkan responden yang pernah merokok mempunyai kecenderungan untuk berperilaku seksual 1,7 kali lebih tinggi setelah di kontrol faktor perilaku merokok, usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan tempat tinggal. Saran yang peneliti berikan adalah agar instansi terkait dapat mengembangkan program kesehatan reproduksi pada remaja khususnya terkait dampak negative alkohol dan rokok, dan bagi pemerintah juga dapat mengatur regulasi penjualan rokok dan alkohol agar tidak dengan mudah dapat diperoleh oleh remaja.
Job as a pilot has a lot of demands, responsibilities and capabilities which must be fulfilledby the pilot of which includes concerning the health of the pilots. This study is using across-sectional design ( cross sectional ), the medical record on the levels of bloodchemistry from the periodically health examination on the pilots in 2013 at the FlightHealth Center, Jakarta. The founded cases were there was differences in the average valueon the periodic examination results of the blood chemistry levels on the pilots whichrelated with the pilot flight hours factor, type of flight, age, agency ownership, type ofcarrier, smoking, drinking alcohol and type of flying. It was concluded that some of theaverage value from the periodic examination results of the blood chemistry levels on thepilots has a significant difference with the factors of smoking, type of flight and the historyon drinking alcohol. From the 288 number of samples of respondents taken to represent thepopulation, it can be acknowledge that not only the aging pilots are vulnerable to healthrisks, but young pilots are also still categorized vulnerable to health risks.Keywords :Pilot, the blood chemistry examination results, flight hours, type of flight, age, agencyownership, type of carrier, smoking, drinking alcohol and type of flying.
In 2018, according to Riskesdas data, the consumption of illegal alcoholic beverages in Indonesia dominated with a significant figure, reaching 66.2% of the total national alcohol consumption.. Excise policies have been identified as an effective tool for controlling consumption and supporting public health management. This study utilizes a literature review method by sourcing data from online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Fourteen articles published in the last ten years (2014–2024) were included. The results from the 14 included studies indicate that well-designed excise policies, accompanied by strong distribution monitoring, can significantly reduce illegal alcohol consumption while simultaneously increasing state revenue. Additionally, public education on the health risks of consuming illegal alcohol has proven to be a key factor in the success of control policies. Countries that have implemented monitoring and control policies for illegal alcoholic beverages have adopted excise rates using specific excise systems based on the volume or ethanol content in the product (e.g., rates per liter according to alcohol category) and ad valorem excise taxes based on the product's price percentage. This is particularly suitable for developing countries with high inflation as it protects the tax base from inflationary effects. The analysis in the discussion suggests that excessively high excise rates can lead to substitution effects toward illegal products. The implications of excise policies in the health sector include a reduction in illegal alcohol consumption due to increased product prices, encouraging consumers to switch to healthier beverages. This leads to a decreased prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, as well as cost savings in healthcare expenditures for treating such illnesses. In the socio-economic sector, excise policies contribute to increasing state revenue and reducing crime rates.
