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Feby An’nisa Putri Harahap; Pembimbing: Umar Fahmi Achmadi; Penguji: Laila Fitria, Zhara Juliane
Abstrak:
Kualitas udara dapat memburuk akibat pencemaran udara serta faktor meteorologis seperti suhu, kelembaban, curah hujan dan kecepatan angin. Pencemaran udara adalah terjadinya kontaminasi udara di dalam dan luar ruangan oleh gas dan padatan yang merubah karakteristik alaminya. Polutan utama pada pencemaran udara meliputi PM2,5, PM10, CO, O3, BC, SO2 dan NOx. Pencemaran udara dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah ISPA. Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyakit menular yang menyerang saluran pernapasan bagian atas dan bawah, disebabkan oleh lebih dari 300 jenis bakteri, virus, dan riketsia. Gejala ISPA, yang dapat muncul dalam hitungan jam atau hari, meliputi demam, batuk, nyeri tenggorokan, pilek, dan kesulitan bernapas. Infeksi ini dapat berkisar dari tanpa gejala hingga parah dan fatal. ISPA sendiri merupakan salah satu penyakit yang akibat dari adanya pencemaran udara. Di Indonesia, ISPA merupakan penyakit menular yang paling sering dijumpai di layanan kesehatan sedangkan di Kota Bogor kejadian ISPA pernah mencapai 100 ribu kasus setiap tahunnya pada tahun 2014-2016. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti ingin menganalisis hubunungan antara kualitas udara ambien (PM10, SO2, NO2 dan O3) dan faktor meteorologis (suhu, kelembaban, curah hujan dan kecepatan angin) dengan kejadian ISPA di Kota Bogor tahun 2019-2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan studi ekologi time trend. Hasil uji korelasi menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi SO2 dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,002). Sedangkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi PM10 dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,093), konsentrasi NO2 dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,283), konsentrasi O3 dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,439), suhu dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,571), kelembaban dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 1,000), curah hujan dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,732) dan kecepatan angin dengan kejadian ISPA (p = 0,334). Kemudian di dapatkan persamaan dari hasil uji regresi linear berganda antara PM10 dan SO2 dengan kejadian ISPA yaitu Kejadian ISPA = -41413,496 + 399,0079 (PM10) + 891,919 (SO2). Sedangkan hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa selama periode penelitian, kecematan Tanah Sareal merupakan wilayah yang memiliki kejadian ISPA di Kota Bogor. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hanya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara SO2 dan kejadian ISPA di Kota Bogor pada tahun 2019-2022.
Air quality can deteriorate due to air pollution and meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. Air pollution is the contamination of indoor and outdoor air by gases and solids that alter its natural characteristics. Major air pollutants include PM2.5, PM10, CO, O3, BC, SO2, and NOx. Air pollution can lead to various diseases, one of which is Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). ARI is a contagious disease affecting the upper and lower respiratory tracts, caused by over 300 types of bacteria, viruses, and rickettsia. ARI symptoms, which can appear within hours or days, include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and difficulty breathing. The infection can range from asymptomatic to severe and fatal. ARI is one of the diseases caused by air pollution. In Indonesia, ARI is the most common infectious disease encountered in healthcare facilities, and in Bogor City, ARI cases reached 100,000 annually between 2014-2016. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between ambient air quality (PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3) and meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed) with ARI incidence in Bogor City from 2019 to 2022. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method with a time-trend ecological study design. Correlation test results indicated a significant relationship between SO2 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.002). However, no significant relationships were found between PM10 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.093), NO2 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.283), O3 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.439), temperature and ARI incidence (p = 0.571), humidity and ARI incidence (p = 1.000), rainfall and ARI incidence (p = 0.732), and wind speed and ARI incidence (p = 0.334). A multiple linear regression analysis between PM10 and SO2 with ARI incidence yielded the equation: ARI Incidence = -41413.496 + 399.0079 (PM10) + 891.919 (SO2). Spatial analysis results showed that during the study period, Tanah Sareal district had the highest ARI incidence in Bogor City. In conclusion, only SO2 concentration was significantly associated with ARI incidence in Bogor City from 2019 to 2022.
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Air quality can deteriorate due to air pollution and meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. Air pollution is the contamination of indoor and outdoor air by gases and solids that alter its natural characteristics. Major air pollutants include PM2.5, PM10, CO, O3, BC, SO2, and NOx. Air pollution can lead to various diseases, one of which is Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). ARI is a contagious disease affecting the upper and lower respiratory tracts, caused by over 300 types of bacteria, viruses, and rickettsia. ARI symptoms, which can appear within hours or days, include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and difficulty breathing. The infection can range from asymptomatic to severe and fatal. ARI is one of the diseases caused by air pollution. In Indonesia, ARI is the most common infectious disease encountered in healthcare facilities, and in Bogor City, ARI cases reached 100,000 annually between 2014-2016. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between ambient air quality (PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3) and meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed) with ARI incidence in Bogor City from 2019 to 2022. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method with a time-trend ecological study design. Correlation test results indicated a significant relationship between SO2 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.002). However, no significant relationships were found between PM10 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.093), NO2 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.283), O3 concentration and ARI incidence (p = 0.439), temperature and ARI incidence (p = 0.571), humidity and ARI incidence (p = 1.000), rainfall and ARI incidence (p = 0.732), and wind speed and ARI incidence (p = 0.334). A multiple linear regression analysis between PM10 and SO2 with ARI incidence yielded the equation: ARI Incidence = -41413.496 + 399.0079 (PM10) + 891.919 (SO2). Spatial analysis results showed that during the study period, Tanah Sareal district had the highest ARI incidence in Bogor City. In conclusion, only SO2 concentration was significantly associated with ARI incidence in Bogor City from 2019 to 2022.
S-11760
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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Alifa Ayuni Prasetyo; Pembimbing: Dewi Susanna; Penguji: Ema Hermawati, Muhammad Riedha
Abstrak:
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Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) yang dapat menghambat kualitas sumber daya manusia di Indonesia. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan higiene dan sanitasi terhadap stunting dengan mempertimbangkan faktor individu balita dan faktor keluarga pada anak berusia bawah lima tahun (0-60 bulan) atau balita di Kelurahan Bidara Cina, Jakarta Timur tahun 2024. Penelitian ini menggunkan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 126 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan stunting berhubungan signifikan dengan higiene dan sanitasi (mencuci tangan dengan sabun (p-value = 0,01 & OR = 9,828); kepemilikan jamban pribadi (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 9,750); dan kualitas fisik air (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 4,713)); faktor individu balita (usia balita 49-60 bulan (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 0,350) dan riwayat penyakit atau infeksi (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 4,631)); serta faktor keluarga (sosial ekonomi keluarga (p-value = 0,003 & OR = 6,00) dan perilaku merokok keluarga (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 4,245)). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan analisis multivariat (uji Multiple Logistic Regression), terdapat hubungan signifikan antara variabel kepemilikan jamban (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 5,068) dan usia balita rentang 49–60 bulan (p-value = 0,011 & OR = 1,528) dengan stunting. Dua variabel tersebut menyumbangkan 33,2% kasus kejadian stunting pada balita di Kelurahan Bidara Cina, Jakarta Timur tahun 2024.
Stunting is a condition of impaired growth in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition, particularly during the first 1000 days of life, which can decrease the quality of human resources in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between hygiene and sanitation towards stunting, considering individual and family factors in children under five years old (0-60 months) in Bidara Cina Village, East Jakarta, in 2024. This study used a cross-sectional design with 126 respondents. This study collected primary data through observation and interviews. The bivariate analysis results showed that stunting was significantly associated with hygiene and sanitation practices (handwashing with soap (p-value = 0,01 & OR = 9,828); ownership of personal toilet facilities (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 9,750); and physical quality of water (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 4,713)); individual factors of toddlers (age 49-60 months (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 0,350) and history of illness or infection (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 4,631)); and family factors (family socioeconomic status (p-value = 0,003 & OR = 6,00) and family smoking behavior (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 4,245)). The conclusion of this study is based on multivariate analysis (Multiple Logistic Regression test) that there was a significant relationship between the variables of toilet ownership (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 5,068) and the age range of 49-60 months (p-value = 0,011 & OR = 1,528) with stunting. Those two variables contributed to 33,2% of stunting cases among toddlers in Bidara Cina Subdistrict, East Jakarta, in 2024.
S-11759
Depok : FKM UI, 2024
S1 - Skripsi Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat
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