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Coal mining industry is an industry with high risks of occupational healthand safety. Hence, it is considered important to conduct a risk assessment andevaluation on occupational health and safety in a coal mining industry. Theexpected result of the assessment and evaluation is an improvement of significantefforts in decreasing occupational accident and illness rate, and also fatality rate incoal mining activities.Focus of this study was OHS risk assessment and evaluation on miningactivity in PT. Adaro Indonesia Site Tanjung Tabalong South Kalimantan in 2013.This study was analytical descriptive using observational approach. This studyused Job Hazard Analysis for hazard and risk identification, and semi-quantitativerisk assessment method by multiplication of consequences, probability, andexposure score. The result of this study showed that mining activity in PT. AdaroIndonesia Site Tanjung Tabalong has 182 OHS risks.Key words: risk, coal, mining activities.
The mining industry applies a work shift system to increase its productivity. One of the unavoidable issue of shift work is fatigue. Fatigue is a subjective feeling of mental and physical activity that leads to decreased concentration, alertness, increased errors and accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyze fatigue on mining operators at PT Harmoni Panca Utama and PT Hasta Panca Mandiri Utama in 2021. This research is quantitative using secondary data from Dr. Hendra S.K.M., M.K.K.K. with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study are 101 respondents. Research variables include fatigue and risk factors consisting of work-related factors (work period, work shifts, work stress levels, cabin environment) and non-work-related factors (age, nutritional status, health status, place of residence, sleep quantity and quality). Several variables in this study were measured using standard instruments, such as Cheklist Individual Strength-20 Questionnaire to measure fatigue, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Questionnaire to measure sleep quantity and quality, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Questionnaire to measure work stress levels. Analysis of the relationship between fatigue risk factors and operator fatigue using the chi-square test. The analysis of the dominant risk factors associated with fatigue is obtained through multiple logistic regression tests. The results of the analysis showed that 13.9% of operators experienced fatigue. The only risk factors associated with operator fatigue were work-related factors, namely work shifts (p=0.01; OR=7.38; 95% CI: 1.55-7.38) and work stress levels (p= 0.02; OR=10.08; 95% CI: 1.26-80.5). The dominant factor related to fatigue is the level of work stress. Operators who have moderate-to-severe stress have 8.7 times the risk of experiencing fatigue compared to operators who have low stress levels. Suggestions for companies include conducting fatigue awareness training for workers, increasing stress management programs, and supervising night shift workers. Workers are expected to take a nap before working on the night shift and do relaxation, stretching, and recreation in their spare time or holiday
Fatigue is one of the causes of the high accident rate. One type of work that has a high potential to experience fatigue is a coal mine operator. This study aims to explain the different types of vehicles on the level of fatigue in coal mine operators. The variables analyzed were fatigue, vehicle type, age, sleep quantity, work shift, and work period. This research was conducted using a systematic literature review method by conducting a full text review of 10 literatures. The results of this study note the mine operator fatigue level score of 45-56 or 28% - 59.3%. Hauling dump truck operators tend to experience severe fatigue compared to dump truck operators of loading and dumping areas, as well as other operators. In addition, the overall variables, namely the type of vehicle, sleep quantity, and work shift have a significant relationship to the level of fatigue. The conclusion from this study is the type of vehicle used by the operator has an influence on the level of fatigue in the coal mine operator.
Coal Mining Operator is one of the high-risk occupations in experiencing fatigue. Thisstudy aim to determine factors associated with fatigue on coal mining operators througha systematic literature review method. Factors studied were shift work, work duration,and workload with covariate of individual factors (age, sleep quantity, sleep quality, andcircadian rhythm) and factors of work & work environment (rest periods, work hours,and work period). This research is an exploratory study with a descriptive methodthrough a systematic literature review of the literature in according to the researchcriteria. This systematic literature review is conducted through the identification,extraction, synthesis, and interpretation of data obtained from 11 selected literature. Theresukt showed that there was an influence between shift work, work duration, andworkload on fatigue in coal mining operators.
Kelelahan merupakan hal umum yang dikeluhkan oleh pekerja dan hampir 20% pekerja melaporkan gejala kelelahan. Khusus pada pengemudi, kelelahan berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap kecelakaan transportasi. Selain meningkatnya kerugian akibat kecelakaan, kelelahan mengemudi juga menyebabkan kerugian finansial yang besar di sesluruh dunia. Kelelahan mengemudi juga dialami oleh pekerja tambang batubara di Indoneisa, khususnya pekerja operator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan determinan strategis kelelahan dari faktor individu, faktor pekerjaan dan faktor eksternal pada operator tambang batubara di Kalimantan dan Sumatra tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang pada 2 perusahaan tambang batubara, 7 lokasi tambang, dan 480 operator. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Kelelahan diukur dengan menggunakan 3 instrumen yaitu checklist individual streght-20 (CIS-20), multidimensionall fatigue inventory-20 (MFI-20), dan swedish occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI). Tipe kelelahan yang diteliti meliputi kelelahan umum, kelelahan fisik, kelelahan mental, dan kelelahan emosional. Beberapa instrumen standar juga digunakan dalampenelitian ini seperti perceived stress scale untuk mengukur stres, dutch boredom scale untuk mengukur rasa bosan, dan Pittsburg sleep quality index untuk mengukur kualitas tidur. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda. Operator yang menjadi responden penelitian mempunyai umur 32,13 ± SD 6,1 tahun (21 – 58 tahun), sedangkan IMT diperoleh rerata sebesar 24,86 ± SD 3,1 dengan rentang (16,51 – 33,75) serta IMT terbanyak 24,22. Terdapat 26,9% operator termasuk kategori obesitas. Mayoritas operator sudah menikah (85%) dan sebagian besar (63,5%) tinggal di luar mess dengan keluarga (55,8%) serta mayoritas (96%) berpendidikan SMA atau sederajat. Rerata masa kerja operator adalah 9,52 ± SD 4,2 tahun dengan rentang (124 tahun) serta masa kerja terbanyak adalah 10 tahun. Sebagian besar operator bekerja di area tambang (65,8%). Jumlah operator berdasarkan pola shift dan waktu shift, masingmasing 240 (50%). Prevalensi kelelahan pada operator berkisar antara 20%-31% dengan kelelahan umum 24,8%, kelelahan fisik 22,3%, kelelahan mental 32,3%, dan kelelahan emosional 30,6%. Determinan strategis kelelahan pada operator terdiri dari faktor individu yang meliputi tingkat stres, kualitas tidur, gangguan eksternal tidur, faktor pekerjaan meliputi lokasi kerja di tambang, dan faktor eksternal yaitu tinggal dengan keluarga. Sedangkan faktor pola shift kerja dan masa kerja merupakan faktor kontekstual. Faktor yang menjadi determinan pada semua tipe kelelahan adalah faktor tingkat stres dan lokasi kerja. Determinan strategis pada kelelahan umum adalah tingkat stres (OR=3,0), lokasi kerja (OR=2,5), kualitas tidur (OR=1,8), dan tinggal dengan keluarga (OR=1,6). Pada kelelahan fisik, determinan strategis adalah tingkat stres (OR=2,5), gangguan eksternal tidur (OR=2,2), dan lokasi kerja di tambang (OR=1,7). Kelelahan mental mempunyai determinan strategis yaitu kualitas tidur (OR= 2,1), lokasi kerja di tambang (OR=2,1), tingkat stres (OR=1,7) dan gangguan eksternal tidur (OR=1,6). Sedangkan kelelahan emosional mempunyai determinan strategis yaitu tingkat stres (OR=2,0), lokasi kerja (OR=1,9), dan kualitas tidur (OR=1,9). Kelelahan emosional juga mempunyai faktor pola shift yang merupakan faktor kontekstual dengan OR= 1,9 dan masa kerja dengan OR=1,6. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa determinan kelelahan pada operator tambang batubara meliputi faktor individu, faktor pekerjaan, dan faktor eksternal. Kelelahan mental merupakan tipe kelelahan yang paling banyak dirasakan oleh operator. Determinan kelelahan yang terdapat pada semua tipe kelelahan adalah tingkat stres dan lokasi kerja. Semua determinan dapat menjadi perhatian dalam pengembangan kebijakan dan program manajemen risiko kelelahan di perusahaan tambang batubara. Kata kunci: kelelahan, kerja shift, kualitas tidur, operator batubara, stress
Fatigue is a common complaint by workers, and almost 20% of workers report symptoms of fatigue. Especially for drivers, fatigue contributes significantly to transportation accidents. In addition to the increasing loss due to accidents, driving fatigue is also causing many financial losses worldwide. Fatigued driving is also experiencing by coal mining workers in Indonesia, especially operator workers. This study aims to obtain strategic determinants of fatigue from individual factors, occupational factors, and external factors for coal mining operators in Kalimantan and Sumatra in 2021. This study uses a cross-sectional design for two coal mining companies, seven mine sites, and 480 operators. Data collection was online using a questionnaire. Fatigue was measured using three instruments, namely the individual strength-20 checklist (CIS-20), the multidimensional fatigue inventory-20 (MFI-20), and the Swedish occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI). The types of fatigue studied included general fatigue, physical exhaustion, mental fatigue, and emotional exhaustion. Several standard instruments were used in this study, such as the perceived stress scale to measure stress, the Dutch boredom scale to measure boredom, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index to measure sleep quality. Data analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression. Operators who became research respondents had an age of 32.13 ± SD 6.1 years (21 – 58 years), while the BMI obtained an average of 24.86 ± SD 3.1 with a range (16.51 – 33.75) and the highest BMI 24.22. There are 26.9% of operators included in the obese category. The majority of operators are married (85%), and most (63.5%) live outside the mess with their families (55.8%), and the majority (96%) have a high school education or equivalent. The average operators' tenure is 9.52 ± SD 4.2 years with a range (1-24 years), and the most tenure is ten years. Most of the operators work in the mining area (65.8%). The number of operators based on shift patterns and shift times is 240 (50%). The prevalence of fatigue in operators ranges from 20%-31%, with general fatigue 24.8%, physical fatigue 22.3%, mental fatigue 32.3%, and emotional fatigue 30.6%. The strategic determinants of operator fatigue consist of individual factors, including stress levels, sleep quality, external sleep disturbances, work factors including work locations in the mine, and external factors, namely living with family. The work shift pattern and working period are contextual factors. Factors that determine all types of fatigue are stress levels and work locations. The strategic determinants of general fatigue were stress level (OR=3.0), work location (OR=2.5), sleep quality (OR=1.8), and living with family (OR=1.6). On physical exhaustion, strategic determinants were stress level (OR=2.5), external sleep disturbance (OR=2.2), and work location in the mine (OR=1.7). Mental fatigue has strategic determinants, namely sleep quality (OR = 2.1), work location in the mine (OR = 2.1), stress level (OR = 1.7) and external sleep disturbances (OR = 1.6). Meanwhile, emotional exhaustion has strategic determinants, namely stress level (OR=2.0), work location (OR=1.9), and sleep quality (OR=1.9). Emotional fatigue has a shift pattern as a contextual factor with OR = 1.9 and job tenure with OR = 1.6. The conclusion is the determinants of fatigue in coal mine operators include individual factors, occupational factors, and an external factor. Mental fatigue is the type of fatigue most felt by operators. The determinants of fatigue found in all fatigue types are work sites and stress levels. All determinants might be accountable for developing fatigue policy and risk management programs at coal mining companies. Keywords: coal mining operator, fatigue, shift work, sleep quality, stress