Abstrak: Bising di tempat kerja dapat menimbulkan dampak terhadap sistem auditory maupun sistem non-auditory. PT X merupakan industri manufaktur yang mempunyai proses produksi yang menghasilkan bising. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dosis pajanan bising harian, usia, masa kerja, dan pemakaian alat pelindung telinga (APT) dengan gangguan non-auditory. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran dosis pajanan bising harian secara langsung di lapangan dan gangguan non-auditory melalui wawancara terstruktur. Hasil pengukuran dosis pajanan bising harian diketahui seluruh unit kerja yang diukur berada diatas NAB (Nilai Ambang Batas). Di samping itu, hasil pengukuran gangguan non-auditory dari 52 responden diperoleh tingkat gangguan non-auditory berat sebanyak 59,6% dan gangguan non-auditory ringan sebanyak 40,4%. Analisis rata-rata dosis pajanan bising harian dengan gangguan non-auditory menggunakan uji t diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara pekerja yang mengalami tingkat gangguan non-auditory. Sedangkan analisis antara variabel usia, masa kerja, dan pemakaian APT dengan gangguan non-auditory diperoleh hubungan yang tidak signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan gangguan non-auditory yang dialami oleh pekerja lebih disebabkan oleh dosis pajanan bising harian. Rekomendasi yang diberikan yaitu mengendalikan gangguan non-auditory dengan menurunkan dosis pajanan bising harian yang ada hingga di bawah NAB.
Kata Kunci: Dosis Pajanan Bising, gangguan non-auditory, manufaktur

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Occupational Noise can cause either auditory system or non-auditory system disorder. PT X is a manufacturing industry which has production process that produces noise. The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship between daily noise exposure dose, age, working time and utilization of hearing protection to nonauditory disorders. Data collection was done by direct measurement for daily noise exposure dose and structural interview for non-auditory disorders. The result from measurement of daily noise exposure dose in all working units showed the value above the Threshold Limit Value (TLV). In the other hand, the result for nonauditory disorder measurement showed 59.6% of 52 respondents suffered severe nonauditory disorders and 40.4% suffered mild non-auditory disorders. Analysis using TTest resulted in significant difference on means value of daily noise exposure dose between non-auditory disorders levels. Furthermore, analysis of age, working time, and utilization of hearing protection to non-auditory disorder resulted in insignificant relationship. Based on the result of the study, it could be concluded that non-auditory disorder suffered by workers was mostly caused by daily noise exposure dose. Hence, the recommendation to control the non-auditory disorders is to reduce daily noise exposure dose until lower than TLV.
Key words: daily noise exposure dose, non-auditory, manufacture

Abstrak:

Gangguan pendengaran karena bising merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang sering ditemui pada perusahaan manufaktur. Hazard yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan pendengaran meliputi bising, zat kimia dan getaran. Ruang lingkup penelitian tesis ini adalah melihat dampak pajanan bising terhadap fungsi pendengaran pekerja yang terpajan bising diatas 82 dBA. Jenis penelitian adalah cross sectional study yang meneliti hubungan faktor independen berupa dosisi pajanan dalam perhitungan leq, umur dan masa kerja serta faktor penggangu berupa pemakaian alat pelindung diri serta kebiasaan dengan fungsi pendengaran pekerja. Dari survei tingkat bising ditemukan departemen PVC, CDM, CDS dan CDB mempunyai tingkat kebisingan diatas nilai ambang batas yang diperbolehkan.

Hasil pemeriksaan audiometri ditemukan dua orang responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran satu orang berumur diatas 40 tahun, bekerja pada ruangan PVC dimana merupakan tingkat pajanan bising tertinggi di pabrik ini dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Responden yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran lainnya merupakan pekerja yang berumur dibawah 40 tahun dan sudah bekerja selama lebih dari 5 tahun. Dari hasil analisis statistik tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara Leq pajanan bising, faktor masa kerja, pemakaian alat pelindung diri dan kebiasaan merokok dengan gangguan pendengaran. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara umur dan gangguan pendengaran dengan OD ratio 7.99.

Noise induced hearing loss is one of the occupational diseases are often found in manufacturing companies. Hazard that can cause hearing loss include noise, chemicals and vibration. The scope of this thesis research on the impact of noise exposure on hearing function of workers exposed to noise above 82 dBA. This type of research is a cross-sectional study examining the relationship be an independent factor in the noise dose exposure (leq), age and working period and disturbance factors such as the use of personal protective equipment, smoking with hearing function. From the survey found noise levels PVC department, CDM, CDS and CDB have noise levels above the permitted threshold value.

Audiometric examination found two participant who suffered from hearing loss. Respondents who suffered from hearing loss a person aged over 40 years, working on PVC indoor noise exposure level which is the highest in the plant and it has been working for more than 5 years. Other participant who suffered from hearing loss is under the age of 40 years and has been working for more than 5 years. From the analysis found no statistically significant relationship between Leq noise exposure, working period, the use of personal protective equipment and smoking with hearing loss. Found a significant relationship between age and hearing loss with OD ratio 7.99.

Abstrak: Di tempat kerja, bising menjadi masalah yang dapat mengakibatkan dampak kesehatan terhadap sistem auditory maupun sistem non-auditory. Dipo Lokomotif Jatinegara merupakan perusahaan yang mempunyai proses perawatan lokomotif yang menghasilkan bising. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kebisingan di Dipo Lokomotif Jatinegara dan mencari faktor-faktor seperti dosis pajanan bising harian, usia, masa kerja, hobi terkait bising, tempat tinggal bising dan perilaku merokok serta pemakaian alat pelindung telinga (APT) dengan terjadinya gangguan non-auditory. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran tingkat kebisingan pada sumber bising dan area dipo lokomotif serta dosis pajanan bising harian secara langsung di lapangan. Selain itu, gangguan non-auditory juga diukur melalui kuesioner. Hasil pengukuran tingkat kebisingan di area dipo lokomotif dan dosis pajanan bising harian diketahui pada seluruh unit kerja yang diukur berada diatas NAB (nilai ambang batas). Hasil pengukuran gangguan non-auditory dari 63 responden diperoleh tingkat gangguan non-auditory berat sebanyak 26 orang (41.3%) dan gangguan non-auditory ringan sebanyak 37 orang (58.7%). Analisis rata-rata dosis pajanan bising harian dengan gangguan non-auditory menggunakan uji T-Test diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara pekerja yang mengalami tingkat gangguan non-auditory. Disamping itu, analisis antara variabel pemakaian alat pelindung telinga (APT) dengan gangguan non-auditory mendapatkan hasil hubungan yang signifikan. Sedangkan analisis antara variabel usia, masa kerja, hobi terkait bising, tempat tinggal bising dan perilaku merokok dengan gangguan non-auditory diperoleh hubungan yang tidak signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan gangguan non-auditory yang dialami pekerja lebih disebabkan oleh pemakaian alat pelindung telinga (APT). Rekomendasi yang diberikan yaitu mengendalikan gangguan non-auditory dengan menurunkan dosis pajanan bising harian yang ada hingga dibawah NAB dan penggunaan alat pelindung telinga yang sesuai dan konsisten. Kata Kunci: Dosis pajanan bising, Gangguan non-auditory, perawatan lokomotif In the workplace, noise might become a problem affecting both auditory and as well as non-auditory system. Dipo Locomotive Jatinegara is a company that has a locomotive maintenance process generating noise. This research aims to know the level of noise in the Dipo Locomotive Jatinegara and to find certain factors such as exposure to noise daily dose, age, period of employment, hobby related to noise, noisy residence, and smoking behavior, as well as usage of ear protectors tools (in Indonesian known as Alat Pelindung Telinga/APT) factors and the occurrence of non-auditory disorders. Data collection was done by measuring the noise level at the noise source and the area of the locomotive as well as the daily noise exposure dose directly in the field. In addition, the non-auditory disorders also were measured through a questionnaire. The results of the measurements of noise levels in the area of exposure and daily noise exposure dose of the locomotive on the whole work unit which were finally known that the measurement was above NAB (threshold value). The results of the measurement of the non-auditory disorders consisted of 63 respondents: obtaining a non-auditory disorders weight level as much as 26 people (41.3%) and other non-auditory disorders as many as 37 people (58.7%). Analysis of the average of the daily noise exposure dose with the non-auditory disorders used the T-Test showed there was no significant difference between workers who experience non-auditory disorders level. In addition, the analysis between variable usage of tools ear protectors (APT) and the non-auditory disorders resulted on significant relationships. While the analysis between the variables age, period of employment, hobby related to the noise, noisy living place and the smoking behavior of non-auditory disorders with the obtained relationship were not significant. Based on the results of the research, it could be concluded that a non-auditory disorders experienced by workers are caused by the usage of ear protectors tools (APT). The given recommendations is that namely the non-auditory disorders control by lowering the dose of the daily noise exposure exists under the NAB and the use of ear protectors that are appropriate and consistent. Keywords: Daily exposure dose, non-auditory, treatment of the locomotive

Abstrak: Kota Tanjungpinang merupakan daerah endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue(DBD), salah satu cara penanggulangan DBD adalah dengan melakukanpengasapan. Proses pengasapan ini menggunakan mesin yang mempunyaitingkat kebisingan di atas 90 dBA.Gangguan pendengaran akibat bising merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat kerjayang sering ditemukan di tempat kerja. Gangguan pendengaran karena bisingdikaitkan dengan dosis pajanan bising, umur di atas 40 tahun, masa kerja di atas 5tahun, pemakaian APD, penyakit terkait gangguan pendengaran dan hobi terkaitbising.Metode penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi analitik cross-sectional. Datadikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan audiometri. Analisis datamenggunakan statistik univariat dan bivariat. Uji statistik dengan Fisher ExactTest dilakukan terhadap variabel faktor terkait bising yang menyebabkangangguan pendengaran. Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran 5% di antara petugaspengasapan. Terdapat 87,5% petugas pengasapan dengan dosis pajanan bising dibawah nilai ambang batas. Dari hasil uji korelasi tidak ditemukan hubungan yangsignifikan antara dosis pajanan bising, masa kerja, umur, kebiasaan merokok,pemakaian alat pelindung diri, penyakit dan hobi terhadap terjadinya gangguanpendengaran akibat bising.

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Tanjungpinang is a city endemic to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) wheremosquitos fogging is widely used as dengue precautionary measure. This steam-up technique employs motorized machine that produces noise exceeds 90 dB.Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the occupational diseases commonlyfound at workplaces. NIHL is associated with noise dose exposure, over 5 yearsof service, age above 40 years, smoking habit, use of personal protectiveequipment (PPE), disease related hearing loss and noise related hobbies .This is a cross-sectional analytic study where data was obtained by questionnairesand audiometric tests. Univariate and bivariate statistics were utilized for dataanalysis. Noise related factor variables that cause hearing lossarewere statistically tested with Fisher's Exact Test. Fogging workers with noise doseexposure below threshold value was 87.5%, where as prevalence of hearing lossamong fogging workers was 5%. No significant correlation is found between testresults and noise related factor variables which are noise dose exposure, years ofservice, age, smoking habit, use of personal protective equipment, disease relatedhearing loss and noise related hobbies.