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ABSTRAK Nama : Ellysa Program Studi : Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul : Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Skabies di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Aziz Cigombong Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat Tahun 2018 Pembimbing : Prof.dr. Nuning Maria Kiptiyah, MPH, Dr. PH Skabies adalah penyakit infeksi kulit menular yang disebabkan oleh Sarcoptes scabiei varian hominis yang dapat ditularkan melalui kontak langsung dan tidak langsung. Skabies merupakan masalah kesehatan di wilayah iklim tropis dan subtropis. Jumlah penderita skabies di dunia lebih dari 300 juta setiap tahunnya. Prevalensi skabies di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi karena Indonesia termasuk negara tropis, yaitu sekitar 627% dari populasi umum dan cenderung lebih tinggi pada anak dan remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian skabies di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Aziz Cigombong Kabupaten Bogor jawa Barat tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan wawancara, observasi dan pemeriksaan fisik sebanyak 236 santri. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara total sampling dan analisis yang digunakan dengan metode Regresi Cox. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi skabies sebesar 48,7%, jenis kelamin (PR 2,079 95% CI 1,392-3,104), pengetahuan tentang skabies (PR 1,671 95% CI 1,0012,788), kebersihan tempat tidur (PR 1,506 95% CI 1,017-2,232), menggunakan tempat tidur bersama (PR 1,645 95% CI 1,033-2,621), dan kepadatan hunian (PR 1,865 95% CI 1,128-3,085) mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian skabies. Jenis kelamin merupakan faktor yang paling ominan terhadap kejadian skabies, yaitu santri laki-laki berisiko 2,079 kali (95% CI 1,392-3,104) untuk terjadi skabies dibandingkan dengan santri perempuan. Menggunakan tempat tidur bersama merupakan faktor yang paling besar kontribusinya terhadap kejadian skabies yaitu 63,96%, artinya 63,96% kejadian skabies dapat dieliminasi atau dikurangi bila santri tidak menggunakan tempat tidur bersama/berpindah –pindah tempat tidur. Kata kunci: Skabies, pondok pesantren, jenis kelamin
ABSTRACT Name : Ellysa Study Program : Community Epidemiology Title : Factors Related to the Scabies in Miftahul Aziz Boarding School Cigombong district Bogor West Java in 2018 Consellor : Prof. dr. Nuning Maria Kiptiyah, MPH, Dr. PH Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei varian hominis that could be transmitted through direct and indirect contact. Scabies is the health problem in tropical and subtropical climates. The number of people with scabies in the world is more than 300 million every year. Prevalence of scabies in Indonesia is still quite high, which is about 6-27% of the general population and tends to be higher in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors related with the incidence of scabies in Miftahul Aziz Boarding School Cigombong Bogor West Java in 2018. This research using cross sectional design by interview, observation and physical examination 236 students, total sampling and the analysis using Cox Regresssion method. The analysis showed that the prevalence of scabies was 48.7%, sex (PR 2.079 95% CI 1,392-3,104), knowledge of scabies (PR 1.671 95% CI 1,001-2,788), bed cleanliness (PR 1.506 95% CI 1.017- 2,232), shared bed (PR 1.645 95% CI 1.033-2,621), and occupancy density (PR 1.865 95% CI 1.128-3.085) had significant association with the incidence of scabies. Sex was the most dominant factor with the incidence of scabies, the male student had 2.079 times (95% CI 1.392-3.104) for being scabies than the female student. Sharing a bed is the most contributing factor with the incidence of scabies 63,96%, it means 63.96% the incidence of scabies could be eliminated or reduced when santri not sharing a bed or moved to another bed. Key words: scabies, boarding school, sex
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus which attacks the immune system of an infected person. HIV become a serious problem being faced in Indonesia especially West Java province. In 2020 the number of new HIV infection in West Java reach 5.666 cases, higher than an average new cases in Indonesia. The spread of HIV depend on social context and region-specific characteristic. Goal: This study aims to analyze demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with HIV prevalence in West Java Province in 2020. Methods: Epidemiology descriptive using ecological correlation study with multiple-group study. Populations in this study are all 27 regencies and municipalities in West Java Province. Results: The result of this study showed that population density part of demographic factor has a significant relation with HIV prevalence (P=0,038), with a moderate relationship and positive pattern (r=0,4). Human Development Index part of socioeconomic factor has a significant relation with HIV prevalence (P=0,035), with a moderate relationship and positive pattern (r=0,407). Meanwhile, for sex ratio and GRDP per Capita showed an insignificant relationship with HIV prevalence. Conclusion: Considering characteristic specific areas based on socioeconomic and demographic can be a good way for HIV prevention.
ABSTRAK Sarapan adalah penting bagi setiap orang untuk mengawali aktivitas sepanjang hari. Sarapan berfungsi sebagai sumber energi dan zat gizi agar dapat berpikir, belajar dan melakukan aktivitas secara optimal setelah bangun pagi. Bagi anak sekolah, sarapan terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan stamina anak dan kebiasaan sarapan dapat menanamkan pola makan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan terhadap kebiasaan sarapan siswa di SMP IT Insan Harapan Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Desain Cross Sectional. Sampel pada penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII dan VIII SMP IT Insan Harapan Tangerang Selatan sebanyak 195 siswa. Pengolahan data menggunakan program komputerisasi (spss). Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square dan Regresi logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proposi siswa yang memiliki kebiasaan sarapan baik (56,4%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin, ketersediaan sarapan, olahraga dengan kebiasaan sarapan (p<0,05). Faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan sarapan adalah ketersediaan sarapan di rumah. Diharapkan bagi pihak sekolah agar memberikan pendidikan gizi dan promosi kepada siswa tentang kesehatan terutama pentingnya sarapan melalui Komunikasi Informasi dan Edukasi (KIE) dalam materi pelajaran maupun Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS). Dengan mengadakan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang materi pedoman gizi seimbang kepada siswa, guru maupun komite sekolah dapat menjadi jembatan informasi kepada keluarga khususnya ibu siswa yang berperan dalam ketersediaan sarapan.
ABSTRACT Breakfast is important for everyone to start their activities throughout the day. The breakfast is a source of energy and nutrients for thinking, learning and performing an optimal activity after waking up in the morning. For school children, breakfast is proven to improve their learning ability and stamina. The habits of breakfast can instill good diet. This research aims to evaluate the determinant factor of the breakfast habits of students in junior high school IT Insan Harapan South Tangerang. This study used cross-sectional design. The samples in this study were 195 students of grade VII and VIII at Junior High School IT Insan Harapan South Tangerang. Computerized SPSS program was used to process data. Data were analyzed by using of Chi Square and logistic regression. Results of this study showed proportion of students who have a better breakfast habits (56.4%). Statistical test results showed that there was a significant relationship between the sexes, breakfast availability, sports activity with the breakfast habits (p <0,05). The most dominant factor associated with breakfast habits is the availability of breakfast at home. For further improvement of breakfast habits, the schools should provide nutrition education and health promotion to students about the importance of breakfast, especially through Information, Education and Communication (IEC) in the subject matter and School Health Unit (UKS). By conducting health education about balanced nutrition guidance materials to students, teachers and school committee can be a bridge of information to families, especially mothers of students who play a role in the availability of breakfast.
Latar belakang : Kusta merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh kuman kusta (Mycobacterium leprae). Salah satu dampak dari penyakit kusta adalah kecacatan yang dapat berupa cacat tingkat 0, tingkat 1 dan tingkat 2. Tahun 2010, di Kabupaten Lamongan terdapat 10,64% penderita baru mengalami cacat tingkat 2. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan cacat tingkat 2 lebih banyak terdapat pada penderita laki-laki dari pada perempuan dengan variasi tingkat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan kejadian cacat tingkat 2. Tujuan penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian cacat tingkat 2 pada penderita kusta di Kabupaten Lamongan tahun 2011-2012 setelah dikontrol dengan variabel umur, pekerjaan, keteraturan berobat, perawatan diri, riwayat reaksi, tipe kusta dan lama gejala. Metode penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Subjek penelitian ini adalah penderita kusta yang telah selesai atau sedang menjalani pengobatan sekurang-kurangnya 6 bulan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 154 orang terdiri dari 77 kasus dan 77 kontrol. Kasus adalah penderita kusta dengan cacat tingkat 2, dan kontrol adalah penderita kusta dengan cacat tingkat 0 atau 1. Data diperoleh melalui kartu penderita kusta di puskesmas tempat respoden menjalani pengobatan. Data dianalisis dengan statistik univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penderita kusta laki-laki 1,9 kali lebih berisiko mengalami kejadian cacat tingkat 2 dari pada penderita perempuan dengan nilai OR=1,90 (95% CI: 0,86-4,23) namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (nilai p=0,114) setelah dikontrol dengan variabel pekerjaan dan lama gejala sebelum didiagnosis menderita kusta. Diskusi : Pekerjaan dan lama mengalami gejala sebelum didiagnosis menderita kusta merupakan confounder bagi hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian cacat tingkat 2 pada penderita kusta di Kabupaten Lamongan tahun 2011-2012.
Background : Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. One of the effects of leprosy is a disability which may be a defect grade 0, grade 1 and grade 2. In 2010, in Lamongan District, there are 10,64% of new leprosy patients with grade 2 disabilities. In 2010, at Lamongan District, 10.64% of new patients are detected with disability level 2. Some research shows the occurence of grade 2 disability more in male patients than women with varying degrees of relationship between gender and occurence of grade 2 disability. Objective : This study aims to determine the association of gender and the occurence of grade 2 disability in leprosy patients in Lamongan District in 2011-2012 after controlling the variables age, work, regularity of treatment, self care, history of reaction, leprosy type and duration of symptoms. Methode : This study uses case-control design. The subjects of this study were leprosy patients who have completed or are undergoing treatment at least 6 months. The number of sample are 154 people consisting of 77 cases and 77 controls. Cases were leprosy patients with grade 2 disability and controls were leprosy patients with grade 0 or 1 disability. Data was obtained from the patient record in primary health care where the leprosy patients got the treatment. Data were analyzed with univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. Result: The analysis showed there were a male leprosy patient had probability 1,9 more then women to occured grade 2 disability with a value of OR=1,90 (95% CI: 0,86 to 4,23) but not statistically significant (p value = 0,114) after controlled by work and duration of symptoms before being diagnosed as leprosy patient. Discussion : Work and duration of symptoms before being diagnosed as leprosy patient are confounder for the assocation between gender and the occurence of grade 2 disability in leprosy patient in Lamongan District in 2011-2012.
HIV has created major global health problem and so far it has claimed more than 32 million lives. One of the causes of HIV/AIDS was sexual risk factors including bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual. The highest HIV-AIDS transmission through heterosexuals was 38.4% which tends to increase by 2-3% in a year, while homosexuals was 15.7% in Bandung. Based on this, the researcher wants to know the distribution HIV and AIDS cases by age, sex and died based on sexual orientation groups in Bandung. This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design with secondary data on HIV and AIDS surveillance in 2019 conducted by the Public Health Office in Bandung. The inclusion criteria in this study were all populations of sexual risk factor groups consisting of bisexual, homosexual and heterosexual. Data analysis in this study used the chisquare test with a confidence level of 95%. Total sample in this study were 609 respondents consisting of bisexual groups (32 respondents), homosexuals (287 respondents) and heterosexuals (290 respondents). Respondents with AIDS were more common in the heterosexual group (30.3%) compared to homosexuals (22.3%) and bisexuals (18.8%). HIV was more common in the bisexual group (81.3%) compared to the homosexual group (77.7%) and heterosexual (69.7%). Age is significantly related to the homosexual group. Age and sex factors do not have a significant with HIV and AIDS in the heterosexual group. Further research especially on demographic variables is needed to explain the effect of socio- demographic factors with the incidence of HIV and AIDS based on sexual orientation groups.
