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Latar Belakang : Rawat jalan sebagai salah satu garda terdepan layanan di rumah sakit yang dituntut untuk memberikan layanan yang cepat dan berkualitas. RS. X merupakan rumah sakit swasta yang dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan usahanya sepenuhnya bergantung pada pembiayaan dari pasien pribadi dan penjaminan pihak ketiga. Semakin meningkatnya jumlah pasien rawat jalan yang menggunakan penjaminan pihak ketiga, maka tuntutan kualitas dan kecepatan pelayanan rumah sakit juga semakin tinggi. Proses verifikasi penjaminan untuk pemeriksaan penunjang di rawat jalan merupakan suatu proses di tengah alur rawat jalan untuk memastikan apakah pemeriksaan penunjang yang disarankan oleh dokter dapat dijaminkan atau tidak oleh pihak penjamin sebelum pasien melakukan pemeriksaan tersebut. Target proses verifikasi ini tercapai dalam waktu 15 menit, namun rata-rata capaian baru mencapai 66,9% dan belum memenuhi target yang ditetapkan RS. X minimal 90%.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian operational reasearch dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara non probability sampling dengan jumlah 90 sampel. Pemilihan sampel berdasarkan pola distribusi poliklinik, hari dan waktu.
Hasil : Pada posisi current state, rata-rata lead time proses verifikasi untuk pemeriksaan penunjang di rawat jalan RS. X 16 menit 58 detik, dimana 53,9% merupakan kegiatan non value added yang didominasi waste waiting (87,8%) dan over processing (12,2%). Dari analisis 5 Whys didapatkan akar masalah yang menyebabkan waste adalah menunggu antrian pemeriksaan berkas verifikasi, menunggu catatan medis dokter, konfirmasi biaya tindakan rehabilitas medik, konfirmasi kronologis sakit dan menunggu terhubung dengan pihak penjamin. Penerapan metode Lean menggunakan tools Standardization berhasil menurunkan lead time sebesar 23,2% yaitu menjadi 13 menit 2 detik dengan penurunan kegiatan non value added sebesar 26,2% (2 menit 24 detik).
Kesimpulan : Penerapan metode Lean berhasil menurunkan lead time dan mengurangi waste pada proses verifikasi penjaminan untuk pemeriksaan penunjang di RS. X.
Background : Outpatient service as one of the hospital’s frontline services that is required to provide fast and quality services. Hospital. X is a private hospital that in carrying out its business activities fully financially relies on private patients and third party guarantees. The increasing number of outpatients using third party guarantees, in line with the increasing of quality and speed demands of hospital services. The guarantee verification process for outpatient examinations is a process occur in the middle of the outpatient flow aim to ensure whether the examinations recommended by the doctor can be guaranteed or not by the guarantor before the patient undergoes the examination. Target for this verification process is achieved within 15 minutes, but the average achievement has only reached 66.9% and has not met the target set by the X Hospital minimum 90%. Method : This study adopted an operational research design with a quantitative and qualitative approach. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, with a total of 90 samples. Sample selection based on the distribution pattern of the polyclinic, day and time. Result : In the current state position, the average lead time for the verification process of supporting examinations in outpatient care at Hospital X is 16 minutes 58 seconds, where 53.9% is non-value added activities dominated by waste waiting (87.8%) and over processing (12.2%). From the 5 Whys analysis, the root cause of waste is waiting for the verification file examination queue, waiting for the doctor's medical records, confirmation of medical rehabilitation costs, confirmation of the chronology of illness and waiting to be connected with the guarantor. The application of the Lean method using the Standardization tool succeeded in reducing the lead time by 23.2% to 13 minutes 2 seconds with a decrease in non-value added activities by 26.2% (2 minutes 24 seconds). Conclusion : The implementation of the Lean method has succeeded in reducing lead time and waste in the assurance verification process for supporting examinations at X Hospital.
Pharmaceutical services are supporting services that function in the management of drugs, disposable medical materials and medical devices in hospitals. The availability of drugs is a very important factor in hospital services and can determine the quality of hospital services. Kalideres Regional Hospital borrows drugs from several agencies to overcome drug shortages in 2024. This study aims to determine the application of the Lean and ABC-VEN methods in improving drug management and planning. This study uses the Lean method in analyzing the drug management and planning process to determine the Current State Stream Map, identify Value Added, Non Value Added and Waste and implement the Future Stream Map. The ABC-VEN method is used to classify drugs as a reference in making drug management and planning policies. The results of the study found waste overprocessing, overproduction and waiting in the drug management and planning process so that interventions were carried out by updating Standard Operating Procedures and implementing spreadsheet inventory. In ABC Usage, Classification A was 11.7%, Classification B 20.1%, Classification C 68.2%. In ABC Investment, Classification A Drugs were 17.2%, Classification B 29.9%, Classification C 52.9%. Classification V Drugs 13.6%, Classification E 80.2%, Classification N 6.2%. The conclusion is that drug management and planning are still included in the un-LEAN process and have not been able to respond to the increasing need for patient services. The application of the Lean method can shorten the process of drug management and planning. The results of the application of the ABC method can be a reference in the process of further drug management and planning.
Mutu pelayanan kesehatan sangat dipengaruhi oleh waktu tunggu pasien, yang merupakan indikator penting dari kepuasan pasien. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 129 menetapkan waktu tunggu maksimal 60 menit untuk pelayanan rawat jalan. RSUD Pasar Minggu telah menerapkan reservasi online untuk mengurangi waktu tunggu, namun waktu tunggu di klinik rehabilitasi medik masih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Lean untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengurangi pemborosan dalam proses pelayanan. Metodologi : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain action-research dengan pendekatan kualitatif, 24 pasien BPJS klinik rehabilitasi medik yang mendaftar melalui online akan dijadikan sampel sebagai data observasi waktu tunggu dengan metode time-motion Hasil : Hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan Lean berhasil mengidentifikasi waste waiting pada tahap pelayanan dokter sebagai waste tertinggi, akar masalah yang ditemukan pada waktu tunggu pelayanan dokter yang lama teridentifikasi metode fishbone analysis mencakup kurangnya SDM, tata letak ruangan, serta belum adanya SPO pada pelayanan pasien pendaftaran online. Intervensi dilakukan mengikuti prinsip Lean yaitu standardized work dan visual management. Berdasarkan perhitungan future state map secara simulatif dapat menurunkan lead time dari 2 jam 28 menit menjadi 1 jam 46 menit dengan penurunan persentase aktivitas non value added (¯28%). Ksesimpulan : kombinasi penerapan prinsip Lean yang dibutuhkan mencakup prinsip heijunka, standardized work, visual management, dan 5S dapat waste (NVA) dari 2 jam menjadi 1 jam 16 menit (¯63%).
The quality of healthcare services is significantly influenced by patient waiting times, which are a crucial indicator of patient satisfaction. The Ministry of Health Regulation No. 129 sets a maximum waiting time of 60 minutes for outpatient services. RSUD Pasar Minggu has implemented online reservations to reduce waiting times; however, waiting times at the medical rehabilitation clinic remain high. Therefore, this study uses a Lean approach to identify and reduce inefficiencies in the service process. Methodology : This study uses an action-research design qualitative approaches, employing probability sampling to select a sample of 24 BPJS patients who registered online at the medical rehabilitation clinic. Results : The Lean approach identified "waiting" waste at the doctor service stage as the highest waste. The root cause analysis using the fishbone method identified long doctor service waiting times caused by the shortage of human resources, inefficient room layout, and the absence of Standard Operating Procedures (SPO) for online registration patients. Interventions were implemented following Lean principles, including standardized work and visual management. A future state map simulation showed that lead time could be reduced from 2 hours 28 minutes to 1 hour 46 minutes, with a 28% reduction in non-value-added activities. Conclusion : The combination of Lean principles needed includes heijunka, standardized work, visual management, and 5S. These principles successfully reduced non-value-added activities from 2 hours to 1 hour 16 minutes, a 63% decrease.
Kata kunci : Metode lean, rawat jalan, waktu tunggu, kegiatan value added, kegiatan non value added
The length of waiting time in the hospital outpatient service is important for efficient hospital service. Long waiting time leads to accumulating queue and inefficient service. This study was aimed to analyze the application of lean method on outpatient BPJS services at Hermina Depok Hospital in 2017. This qualitative research method investigated the time spent by BPJS outpatient patient by applying lean method and observing the outpatient service flow condition. The first result, the value stream mapping (VSM) of patients without any adjunctive examinations (i.e., laboratory or radiology), the fastest cycle time was observed at the reception desk (2.2 minutes) and the longest at the doctor examination room (12.6 minutes). The longest waiting time was at drug prescription process at pharmaceutical unit (96.2 minutes or 1 hour,36 minutes) and checkout was the fastest (4.4 minutes). Second result, the VSM with laboratory examination, the fastest time-cycle was at the reception desk (4.2 minutes), and the longest was observed at the doctor examination (12.6 minutes). The longest waiting time at the doctor waiting room (2 hours 6 minutes) and checkout was the fastest (2.2 minutes). Third result, the VSM with radiologic examination, the fastest cycle time was observed at the reception desk (4.8 minutes), the longest cycle time was at the radiology examination process (67.2 minutes or 1 hour, 7 minutes). The longest waiting time was observed at the doctor examination room (95.6 minutes or 1 hour, 35 minutes) and checkout was the fastest (4.4 minutes). The results showed that 90% service time was non value added activity and only 10% of value added activity. The wastes were defect, over production, waiting, transportation, inventory, motion, and over processing. After conducting future state analysis with the proposed improvement with simulative lean method (5S, Kanban Inventory, visual management), it was found that non value added activity became 78,30% and value added activity became 21,70%. Future recommendation is important to organize short-, medium- and long-term improvements through implementation of sustainable lean method program.
Keywords: Lean method, outpatient waiting time, value added activity, non-value added activity
Kata kunci : biaya obat, pengelolaan obat, pembelian/pengadaan obat, metode lean, kegiatan value added, kegiatan non-value added, kaizen, kendali mutu, kendali biaya.
Drugs is the most disturbing management process in the drug cycle management in the pharmacy unit of Sari Mutiara Medan Public Hospital. The high consumption and purchase level of chronic drugs represent the high consumption and purchase the whole drugs. Efficiency increasing of chronic drugs procurement/purchase is expected to represent the efficiency increasing of drug management in generally. This qualitative research, using the lean method, observed the time spent from when the drug was ordered until the drug was ready to distribute, with the aim to increase the efficiency of drug management in the pharmacy unit of Sari Mutiara Medan Public Hospital. The results formulate variation of purchasing flow to be one standard future state mapping, and it shows improvement in waiting time, increasing value added activity and reduction non-value added activity. Efficiency increasing of drugs procurement/purchase is expected to have a domino effect for the continuous drug management process. Cost and quality control in this research are obtained through the proposed short-term fixes : using pareto and VEN in drugs demand planning and using error proofing method in every end evaluation of drugs procurement/purchase. Kaizen is applied for the proposed long term fixes and for every flow analysis using lean method.
Keywords : drug cost, drug management, drugs procurement/purchase, lean method, value added activity, non-value added activity, kaizen, quality control, cost control
