Abstrak: Reduction of dietary sodium intake has been identified as a priority to reduce the worldwide burden of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Dietary sodium intake is most precisely ascertained by using timed urine collection. Casual urine sodium measurements are relatively easy to perform, but their relationship to timed urine sodium measurements is unclear. In this issue of the Journal, Brown et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(11):1180-1192) report the development and validation of equations to estimate 24-hour urine sodium excretion from casual urine samples. Their study included a large number of participants on 2 continents, a well-collected gold standard, separate discovery and validation samples, and relevant covariates. The resulting equations represent the best available methods to estimate dietary sodium intake from casual urine samples. However, the study is limited by evidence of a suboptimal model fit, restriction to people 20-59 years of age in North America and Europe, and exclusion and adjustment that further limit external validity. In addition, individual-level correlations of estimated and measured 24-hour urine sodium excretion were modest. Properly applied, the results will facilitate tracking of dietary sodium intake within populations over time and identification of communities for which dietary sodium restriction is most likely to be beneficial. Further work is needed to extend estimation to additional populations and improve individual-level assessment.

Abstrak: High intakes of dietary sodium are associated with elevated blood pressure levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. National and international guidelines recommend reduced sodium intake in the general population, which necessitates population-wide surveillance. We assessed the utility of casual (spot) urine specimens in estimating 24-hour urinary sodium excretion as a marker of sodium intake in the International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure. There were 5,693 participants recruited in 1984-1987 at the ages of 20-59 years from 29 North American and European samples. Participants were randomly assigned to test or validation data sets. Equations derived from casual urinary sodium concentration and other variables in the test data were applied to the validation data set. Correlations between observed and estimated 24-hour sodium excretion were 0.50 for individual men and 0.51 for individual women; the values were 0.79 and 0.71, respectively, for population samples. Bias in mean values (observed minus estimated) was small; for men and women, the values were -1.6 mmol per 24 hours and 2.3 mmol per 24 hours, respectively, at the individual level and -1.8 mmol per 24 hours and 2.2 mmol per 24 hours, respectively, at the population level. Proportions of individuals with urinary 24-hour sodium excretion above the recommended levels were slightly overestimated by the models. Casual urine specimens may be a useful, low-burden, low-cost alternative to 24-hour urine collections for estimation of population sodium intakes; ongoing calibration with study-specific 24-hour urinary collections is recommended to increase validity.

Abstrak: Skripsi ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi staf kependidikan FKM UI Depok tahun 2014. Hipertensi dipengaruhioleh beberapa faktor diantaranya umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat hipertensi keluarga, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), lingkar pinggang, aktivitas fisik, kondisistress, kebiasaan minum kopi, kebiasaan merokok, asupan lemak dan asupan natrium. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodepenelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan April 2014. Terdapat 122 responden yang telah menyelesaikan pengisian,pengukuran dan wawancara kuesioner. Terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin,IMT, lingkar pinggang dan asupan natrium terhadap kejadian pre hipertensi danhipertensi. Responden disarankan untuk melakukan pengukuran tekanan darahsecara rutin dan olahraga secara teratur serta menjaga pola makan hidup sehat.Kata kunci : hipertensi, jenis kelamin, IMT, lingkar pinggang, asupan natrium

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This thesis discusses the factors associated with hypertension educational staffFKM UI Depok 2014. Hypertension is influenced by several factors, includingage, gender, family history of hypertension, body mass index (BMI), waistcircumference, physical activity, stress conditions, coffee drinking habits,smoking habits, intake of fat and sodium intake. Hypertension is one of the non-communicable disease risk factor cardiovascular disease. This study usedquantitative research methods to design cross-sectional study conducted in April2014. There were 122 respondents who have completed filling, measurement andquestionnaire interview. There is a relationship between gender, BMI, waistcircumference and sodium intake on the incidence of pre hypertension andhypertension. Respondents are advised to perform regular blood pressuremeasurements and exercise regularly and maintain a healthy life diet.Keywords: hypertension, sex, BMI, waist circumference, sodium intake

Abstrak: Hipertensi adalah suatu kondisi di mana tekanan sistole darah ≥ 140 mmHg dan diastole ≥ 90 mmHg (Schumann et al., 2011). Di Indonesia sendiri, prevalensi untuk hipertensi dinilai tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan prevalensi Asia Tenggara, yaitu 30,9% (WHO, 2012). Prevalensi hipertensi di Provinsi Jawa Barat adalah 29,4%, lebih besar daripada provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan prevalensi 28,8% dan provinsi Banten dengan prevalensi 27,6%. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hasil analisis kandungan zat gizi cookies untuk hipertensi dan daya terima dari cookies untuk hipertensi pada kalangan usia dewasa di kampus Unpas Kota Bandung tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan pola satu arah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2013. Panelis dalam uji hedonik ini adalah 30 orang pria dan wanita dewasa dengan usia 21 tahun ke. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kandungan gizi yang terkandung dalam cookies untuk hipertensi memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari untuk natrium dan kalium, namun belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan kalsium sehari untuk usia dewasa. Perlakuan cookies yang terbaik adalah perlakuan 703 dengan kandungan gizi: air 6,93%; abu 1,01%; protein 6,62%; lemak 18,60%; serat kasar 5,11%; karbohidrat 61,73%; natrium 0,08%; kalium 1,14%; dan kalsium 130,93 mg.

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Hypertension is a condition which systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg. Prevalence for hypertension in Indonesia is higher than South East Asia which has 30.9%. Hypertension prevalence in West java is 29.4% which higher than DKI Jakarta (28.8%) and Banten (27.6%). The main goals for this research are to know the result of nutrition analysis for cookies for hypertension and to know the acceptance for these cookies in adult-aged group at Pasundan University Bandung on 2013. This research is an experimental research which using completely randomized design method. This research was conducted on January to June 2013. Panelists for hedonic test are 30 people of men and women with age 21 or above. The result of this research shows that the nutrition content for cookies for hypertension have fulfilled the daily needs of sodium and potassium for adult-aged group but not for the daily needs of calcium. Cookies with the best treatment is cookies 703 with nutrients are: water 6,93%; ash 1,01%; protein 6,62%; fat 18,60%; crude fiber 5,11%; carbohydrate 61,73%; sodium 0,08%; potassium 1,14%; and calsium 130,93 mg.

Abstrak: Prehipertensi pada remaja berperan penting terhadap peningkatan risiko kejadian hipertensi pada masa dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dan dominan terhadap prehipertensi pada remaja usia 14-17 tahun di SMA Al-Azhar 3 Jakarta berdasarkan jenis kelamin, riwayat hipertensi keluarga, status gizi (IMT/U), aktivitas fisik, asupan natrium, durasi tidur, dan kebiasaan merokok. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 142 responden kelas X dan XI. Intrumen yang digunakan, yaitu kuesioner, sfigmomanometer merkuri dan stetoskop, timbangan digital, dan microtoice. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi prehipertensi sebanyak 40,8%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna pada variabel jenis kelamin, riwayat hipertensi keluarga, status gizi (IMT/U), asupan natrium, dan durasi tidur. Status gizi (IMT/U) terutama status gizi gemuk merupakan faktor dominan kejadian prahipertensi dengan odds ratio sebesar 5,998. Dianjurkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya menggunakan desain penelitian yang berbeda, sampel yang lebih banyal, dan variabel lainnya yang belum pernah diteliti pada penelitian yang serupa.

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Prehypertension among adolescenses plays important role on raising the risk of hypertension among adults. The purpose of this study is to know the related and dominant factors of prehypertension among 14-17 years old adolescence in SMA Al-Azhar 3 Jakarta based on sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status (BMI), physical activiy, sodium intake, and sleep duration, and smoking habit. This study used cross-sectional design. Total of 142 respondents from grade X and XI were included in this study. Instruments used are questionnaires, mercury sfigmomanometer, stethoscope, digital scales, and microtoice The result of study shows that prehypertension prevalence is 40.8%. There is significant correlation in sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status (BMI), sodium intake, and sleep duration. Nutritional status (BMI), especially overweight, is the dominant factor of prehypertension with odds rasio of 5.998. It is suggested to measure other variables that have not been measured in similiar research. Keywords : Prehypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, sleep duration, sodium intake, adolescence

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Abstrak: Prehipertensi pada remaja didefinisikan sebagai TDS dan/atau TDD yang ?90 hingga <95 persentil, sedangkan hipertensi didefinisikan sebagai TDS dan/atau TDD 95th hingga 99th persentil + 5 mmHg berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, dan TB. Penelitian ini bertuj