Public health center as the &ont line in health development must increase management execution so that in conduct health service can in an optimal fashion. Not yet activity program achievement pickings the maximal at public health center exist in Tasikmalaya regency, show that utilization public health center as according to the fimction by society not yet optimal, mean that performance public health center in this case concem management execution public health center at Tasikmalaya regency still necessary increased again, because function and good management execution very influential towards success a program or well~being efforts that done public health center. Central figure in management execution that is head public health center, there education background medical scholar, society health scholar, and general scholar/nurse. This research aims to detect description management process execution at public health center and factors that connected management process public health center that lead by head public health center that background education differ at Tasikmalaya regency in year 2006, with system approaching consist of input variable (human resource : official total, leadership, erudition, motivation, double function, work load, repaymenthncentive, limd, and infrastnicnue tools), process (planning, activation and execution, monitoring, controlling, constmction, and evaluation) and output variable (perfomiance public health center). This research is done with qualitative approach with analytic plan passes in-depth interview, observation, and document study in six public health center that canvassed, and research time in April and May 2007. From result research inferential that in carry out management function at public health center, each public health center both for led by education medical scholar, society health scholar, and general scholar/nurse, in apply strategy, integrate and coordinating, motivating, overcome conflict, ascertain activity execution, and evaluate activity result, very various, but in principle that all can done in the effort subsidize management iiinction execution at public health center. As to lixctors that management execution public health center, with deficit existence or energy limitedness or human resource either through also quality, directly also not direct influence management function execution at public health center, also operational fund public health center that felled less, for infrastructure tool, physical building Karangjaya public health center improper wear, construction under communication from regcncy health senrice. also not yet optimal. in management function execution, begin from planning/PZKT, activation and execution that is workshop monthly at public health center, supervision, control, constmction, and evaluation, each public health center carry out, but in the case of the execution not yet optimal, especially in planning/P2l

Dari tahun 2005 sampai dengan tahun 2006 telah terjadi Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) difteri di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya pada kelompok umur 1 ? 15 tahun sebanyak 55 anak (15 kasus meninggal, AR = 0,45% dan CFR = 31,91%). Pada Januari 2007 juga telah terjadi KLB difteri di Kabupaten Garut pada kelompok umur kasus 2 ? 14 tahun sebanyak 17 anak (2 kasus meningal, CFR = 11,76%, AR = 1,5%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian difteri pada Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) difteri tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Kasus berasal dari 15 desa lokasi KLB difteri sebanyak 72 anak dan kontrol berasal dari 1 desa terpilih secara random yang bukan dari kecamatan lokasi KLB difteri sebanyak 72 anak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan ibu anak pada kelompok kasus maupun kelompok kontrol menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data lingkungan rumah, sumber penularan, status imunisasi dan pengetahuan ibu. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian difteri adalah kepadatan hunian ruang tidur, kelembaban dalam rumah, jenis lantai rumah, sumber penularan, status imunisasi dan pengetahuan ibu. Disimpulkan bahwa lingkungan rumah, pengetahuan ibu dan sumber penularan bukanlah faktor utama yang mempengaruhi terjadinya difteri, sedangkan yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi kejadian difteri adalah status imunisasi, yaitu risiko terjadinya difteri pada anak dengan status imunisasi DPT/DT yang tidak lengkap 46,403 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan anak dengan status imunisasi yang lengkap. Untuk itu cakupan program imunisasi hendaknya makin ditingkatkan sehingga semua anak terlindungi oleh imunisasi difteri.

Since 2005 up to 2006 diphtheria out break had occur in Tasimalaya District among 1 ? 15 year old children. Total cases are 55 children with cases died with the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 31.91%. Further on, January 2007 the same out break occur in Garut District, with 17 cases and 2 cases died (CFR 11.76%). Research objective is to identify the correlation of housing environmental condition with the diphtheria out break. Design study was case control study. The amount of 72 cases had taken from the 15 villages on the out break areas and the same amount (72) non cases taken from the village out of the out break areas. Data were collected through interviewed with structure questioner with the mother as the respondent. Data collected were housing environment, the source of infection, immunization status, and mother knowledge concerning the diphtheria. Research conclude that factors involved in diphtheria out break are housing member room density, housing humidity, quality of the floor, the source of the infection, immunization status of the children, and mother knowledge about the disease. The importance factors for the diphtheria out break are immunization status, with the OR of 46.403 greater of non immunization children compare with those had immunization. Therefore immunization program should be further intensified in order to give fully diphtheria protection for the hole children population in those areas.

ABSTRAK Tesis ini membahas tentang analisis biaya minimal bagi pasien pecandu opioida yang menjalani perawatan di RSKO Jakarta antara terapi rumatan methadone dengan rehabilitasi berdasarkan persepsi pasien pecandu opioida yang masih aktif menjalani kedua perawatan saat penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi ekonomi yang bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan melakukan studi perbandingan antara terapi rumatan methadone dengan rehabilitasi melalui pendekatan retrospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: komponen biaya langsung terapi rumatan methadone dan rehabilitasi adalah biaya rawat jalan/rawat inap, biaya obat, biaya pemeriksaan laboratorium, dan biaya konsultasi dokter; komponen biaya tidak langsung terapi rumatan methadone dan rehabilitasi adalah biaya transportasi (pasien dan keluarga pasien), biaya konsumsi (pasien dan keluarga pasien), dan biaya penghasilan (pasien) yang hilang selama menjalani perawatan;biaya total terapi rumatan methadone untuk 17 orang pasien tahun 2011 dan tahun 2012 yang berhasil mencapai output 180 hari bebas opioida adalah Rp. 226.635.306,- dengan unit cost Rp.13.331.489,-; biaya total rehabilitasi untuk 17 orang pasien tahun 2011 dan tahun 2012 yang berhasil mencapai output 180 hari bebas opioida adalah Rp. 468.018.638,- dengan unit cost Rp.27.530.508,- ; sehingga dapat disimpulkan biaya terapi rumatan methadone lebih efisien dibandingkan biaya rehabilitasi, yaitu rasio biaya rehabilitasi 2 kali lebih besar dibandingkan biaya terapi rumatan methadone berdasarkan persepsi pasien dengan output/keluarannya adalah pasien penyalahguna opioida yang mampu mempertahankan abstinensia terhadap opioida selama 180 hari. Dengan demikian peneliti menyarankan kepada pihak RSKO Jakarta untuk lebih meningkatkan promosi kesehatan dan edukasi tentang terapi

ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the minimal cost analysis for patients undergoing treatment opioid aaddicts in Drug Dependency Hospital Jakarta (RSKO Jakarta) among methadone maintenance therapy with rehabilitation based on patient perception opioida addict who still actively undergoing both treatment while this research was conducted. This study is an economic evaluation that is descriptive analytic study comparison between methadone maintenance therapy with rehabilitation through a retrospective approach. The results showed that: the direct cost component of methadone maintenance therapy and rehabilitation is the cost of outpatient/inpatient care, drug costs, laboratory costs, and the cost of consulting a doctor; component of indirect cost sof methadone maintenance therapy and rehabilitation is the cost of transportation (for the patient and the patient's family), the cost of consumption (for the patient and the patient’s family), and cost of revenue(for patients) were lost during treatment (opportunity cost); total cost of methadone maintenance therapy for 17 patients in 2011 and in 2012 for output reached 180 days off reeopioida is Rp. 226.635.306,- with a unit cost Rp.13.331.489,- ; total cost of rehabilitation for 17 patients in 2011 and in 2012 for the output reached 180 days off reeopioida is Rp. 468.018.638,- with a unit cost Rp.27.530.508,- ; thus it can be concluded methadone maintenance therapy is more cost efficient than the cost of rehabilitation; the rehabilitation cost ratio of 2 times greater than the cost of methadone maintenance therapy based on the patient's perception of the output is opioida abusers patients who maintained abstinence for opioida for 180days. Thus researchers suggest to the RSKO Jakarta to further enhance health promotion and education about methadone maintenance treatment for opioid addicts and families will choose treatment for dependence opioida.