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Kata kunci: Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan, rawat jalan, IFLS 5, model perilaku Andersen
This study analyzes the factors associated with the utilization of outpatient health services in Indonesia. This is an observational study with a cross sectional design using data from the Indonesia Life Family Survey-5 2014 (IFLS 2014). The sample of total 25.212. The relationship test was analyzed using Chi-square. The results showed that the utilization of outpatient health services in Indonesia was quite low, amounting to 20.4%. Individuals with elderly characteristics (≥46 years), female, low education, unemployed, have high income levels, live in cities, have health insurance, and have chronic conditions are statistically more likely to use outpatient health services in Indonesia.
Key words: Health service utilization, outpatient, IFLS 5, Andersen behavioral model
Berdasarkan laporan Poli Anak Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit (MTBS) Puskesmas Kecamatan Kelapa Gading terdapat perbedaan mencolok antara jumlah balita yang disarankan kunjungan ulang ke Poli Anak MTBS sebanyak 3.197 jiwa dibanding kunjungan ulang balita sebanyak 660 jiwa. Padahal penerapan MTBS akan efektif jika ibu/keluarga segera membawa balita sakit ke petugas kesehatan yang terlatih serta mendapatkan pengobatan yang tepat. Pesan mengenai kapan ibu perlu mencari pertolongan bila anak sakit merupakan bagian yang penting dalam MTBS. Pada tiap akhir kunjungan, petugas akan menjelaskan kapan harus kunjungan ulang. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan rencana kunjungan ulang pelayanan MTBS di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kelapa Gading Propinsi DKI Jakarta. Disain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan besar sampel 70 orang ibu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan rencana kunjungan ulang pelayanan MTBS adalah perceived need, waktu dan antri menunggu pemeriksaan, dan pengetahuan ibu.Perceived need merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi rencana kunjungan ulang pelayanan MTBS di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kelapa Gading Propinsi DKI Jakarta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan petugas kesehatan perlu memperkuat konseling kepada ibu balita melalui kartu nasihat ibu/buku KIA/leaflet/brosur, manajemen waktu dan alur pelayanan MTBS, penambahan sarana (Poli MTBS) dan tenaga terlatih MTBS sehingga pasien tidak menunggu lama sebelum diperiksa, dan perlu penelitian lebih lanjut bersifat kualitatif untuk mengetahui akar masalah mengapa ibu balita tidak melakukan kunjungan ulang. Kata kunci : Pelayanan MTBS, Rencana kunjungan ulang, Puskesmas Kecamatan Kelapa Gading
Based on the Report on Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) from Child Clinic Puskesmas Kecamatan Kelapa Gading there is difference between the number of children under five years old, who where recommended to revisit IMCI Child Clinic (3.197 children) compared to those who revisit the clinic (660 children). Whereas the implementation of IMCI will be effective if the mother / family bring the children to the trained health officials and get proper treatment. Messages about when mothers need to seek help for the sick children is tehe most important part in IMCI. At the end of each visit, the officer will explain when they should return for visit. The study was conducted to determine the factors associated with revisit plan for IMCI services in Puskesmas Kecamatan Kelapa Gading DKI Jakarta Province. This study used a cross-sectional design with total responden of 70 mothers. The results showed that factors associated with revisit plan IMCI service are perceived need, waiting time and examination time, and knowledge of mothers. Perceived need is the most dominant factor associated with revisit plan for IMCI services in Puskesmas Kecamatan Kelapa Gading DKI Jakarta Province. This research suggested health officials need to strengthen counseling program improve the mothers through mother's of advice cards / KIA books / leaflets / brochures, time management and workflow IMCI service, to add room facilities and trained health officials to cut patients waiting time, and further qualitative research needs to be conducted to find out the root cause of not revisiting the IMCI Child Clinic. Keywords : IMCI services, revisit plan, Puskesmas Kecamatan Kelapa Gading
Berdasarkan data Puskesmas Kelurahan Kelapa Gading Timur I tahun 2010 diketahui pemberian ASI ekslusif pada bayi yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelapa Gading Timur I adalah 57%, sedangkan di puskesmas lainya yang masih berada dalam satu kecamatan dengan Puskesmas tersebut adalah 70.1%. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI ekslusif. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan besar sampel 95 orang ibu yang memiliki bayi berusia 6-24 bulan dan bertempat tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelapa Gading Timur I. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI ekslusif adalah pengetahuan, pendidikan, dukungan keluarga, dukungan petugas tempat ibu memeriksakan persalinan,sikap. Pengetahuan ibu merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi perilaku pemberian ASI ekslusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Kelapa Gading Timur I. Bedasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan bersalin, peningkatkan kualitas penyuluhan dan promosi pemberian ASI, peningkatan dukungan petugas, peningkatan pengetahuan petugas, pendidikan mengenai pemberian ASI ekslusif di sekolah, meningkatkan promosi melalui media cetak maupun elektronik, meningkatkan pelatihan petugas kesehatan, pemberdayaan kader, peningkatan pelayanan yang berkualitas, pengawasan terhadap pemasaran produk susu formula di masyarakat, promosi pemberian ASI ekslusif pada ibu bekerja, memberikan kesempatan ibu bekerja untuk tetap memberikan ASI ekslusif pada bayinya dan juga menggalakan kembali peran Rumah Sakit untuk mempromosikan pemberian ASI ekslusif pada ibu hamil dan bersalin. Kata kunci : ASI Ekslusif, perilaku, pengetahuan, dukungan petugas kesehatan, Puskesmas Kelapa Gading.
Based on data from the Puskesmas Kelurahan Kelapa Gading Timur I in 2010, there is only 57% of mother gave exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Puskesmas Kelurahan Kelapa Gading Timur I, whereas in another health centers located in the same sub district the figure only 70,1%. The study was conducted to determine factors related to the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding. The study design was cross-sectional with a large sample of 95 mothers with babies aged 6-24 months and residing in the working area of Puskesmas Kelurahan Kelapa Gading Timur I. The results showed factors related to the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding are the knowledge of mother, education, job of mother, support from the family, support from health staff in ANC clinic and attitude of mother in giving breastfeeding. The knowledge of mother is the most dominant factor associated with the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding. This study suggested to increase the knowledge of mothers, increase the quality of education and promotion of breastfeeding, increase staff support, increase staff knowledge, education on breastfeeding exclusively at school, improve promotion through printed and electronic media, improve training of health workers, the empower cadres, improve of service quality, supervisory on the marketing of infant formula products in the community, promote about exclusive breastfeeding to working mothers, working mothers to give exclusive breastfeeding to their baby and also encourage the Hospital role in promoting exclusive breastfeeding during pregnancy and deliveries. Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, behavior, knowledge, increase staff support, Puskesmas Kelurahan Kelapa Gading Timur I.
Pendahuluan : Pengoperasikan jalur pipa dislribusi crude oil dari Tanjung - Balikapapan selama 46 tahun dengan panjang 232 km memillki resiko yang antara lain : ada aliran fluida yang mudah terbakar, pipa Ieiah dioperasikan lama, degradasi/penurunan material selama operasi, meningkatnya rnasyarakat disekitar pipa, aktivitas disekitar pipa dan masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan perawatan, operasi dan inspeksi. Analisa resiko ini dilakukan unluk mengantisipasi risiko-risiko yang akan limbul pada kegiatan distribusi crude oil melalui sistem perpipaan dan hasilnya diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan bagi Pertamina maupun pihak-pihak terkait yang berkaitan dengan proses pembuatan kebijakan dan sistem pengoperasian pipa yang handal, aman dan selamat. Telitian: Secara keseluruhan pipa distribusi jalur Tanjung-Balikpapan mempunyai nilai risiko relatif sebesar 93,56 (nilai standar >90). Sementara itu nilai index sum (total nilai indek) yang berasal dari penjumlahan : third party index+ corrotion index + design index + incorrect operation index mempunyai nilai 298,45 (nilai maksimal 400). Nilai index sum dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan tingkat survival probability sebesar = (298,45: 400) x 100% = 74,61%. lni berarti jalur pipa Tanjung-Balikpapan mempunyai tingkat chance of survival sebesar 74,61% dan tingkat chance of failure sebesar 100- 74,61= 25,39%. Kesimpulan : Dengan melihat batas aman pada tingkat change of survival sebesar 70 %, maka secara umum jalur pipa Tanjung - Balikpapan masih termasuk kriteria aman. Oleh karena itu perlu tetap dilakukan pemantauan dan peningkatan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat risiko ini, terutama pada section yang mempunyai nilai risiko relative dibawah nilai ratarata 93,56 , seperti maintenance ROW dan patrol di sepanjang jalur pipa.
Introduction : Operation of crude oil distribution pipeline from Tanjung to Balikpapan of 232 km for 46 years has potential risks, namely flammable fluids, materials degradation during time operation, accumulation of peoples and increase of activities in pipeline circumstances, human errors during pipeline operation and maintenance. This pipeline risk analysis is perform to anticipate the above highlight risks during operation period and the results could be used by Pertamina and related parties as inputs for development of policies as well as safe and reliable operating systems. Research: Overall relative risk score for the distribution pipeline is 93.56 from standard value of 90. The index sum as summation of .third party index + corrosion index+ design index + incorrect operation index is 298,45 of maximum value of 400. The index sum show the survival probability= (298.45 : 400) x 100% = 74.61%. It means the Tanjung-Balikpapan pipeline has chance of survival of 74.61% and in the opposite the chance of failure of 100 -74,61= 25,39%. Conclusions: Considering the pipeline is on safe level and has change of survival above 70%, then we conclude that Tanjung - Balikpapan pipeline is on the risk tolerable category. However, the inspection and monitoring on certain segments that have higher risks scores shall be performed, such as ROW maintenance and pipeline petrols.
Clean and Healthy Behavior Lives (PHBS) is a health maintenance efforts undertaken by yourself and family in creating a culture of healthy living in the family both physically, mentally and spiritually. Behavioral indicators of clean and healthy household arrangement chosen in this study is weigh infants and toddlers regularly, wash hands with soap and clean water, physical activity and not smoking in the house. This study aimed to obtain information about distribution and the factors associated with PHBS households in the order of the District Iwul Parung Bogor in 2015. The independent variables in this study are the characteristics (education, age, income), knowledge of PHBS, availability resources of PHBS and social support. The dependent variable in this study is a clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) with 4 indicators of weighing babies and toddlers regularly, wash hands with clean running water and soap, do activities every day at least 30 minutes and no smoking in the house. The design study is cross-sectional and the chi square test to look at the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable.The results showed that there was a significant relationship between income, knowledge and availability of resources for the implementation of PHBS in the village Iwul (p value significant relationship to the implementation of PHBS. This research can be a comparison and evaluation of the plan of activities to improve the behavior of a clean and healthy living in the village Iwul particularly on four indicators. Keywords : factor, PHBS, 4 indicator, household
