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Cervicitis is one of the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). There is a correlation between socio-demographic development and migration with increase of the number of high-risk populations. WHO estimates there are 376 million new infections by 1 out of 4 STIs, such as chlamydia (127 million), gonorrhea (87 million), syphilis (6.3 million) and trichomoniasis (156 million). Gatot et al, showed that 11.9% of patients had cervicitis. Iskandar, et al, also showed the prevalence of cervical infections (chlamydia 9,3% and 1,2% gonorrhea). Based on the results of the SDKI, there had been an increasing trend in contraceptive use in Indonesia from 1991 to 2017. There was a statistically significant association between cervicitis and HPV infection. It will increase the risk of getting infected by HPV if cervicitis is left untreated. Additionally, a person with mucopurulent cervicitis symptoms has an increased risk of cervical cancer. This study aims to determine the relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and the incidence of cervicitis. This is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design. This study used secondary data from the results of the VIA examination at the primary health care supervised by the Female Cancer Program (FcP) in DKI Jakarta in 2017-2019. The number of samples were 3563 people, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study used logistic regression to analyze the data. The prevalence of cervicitis in this study was 11.20%. There is a relationship between hormonal contraceptive use and the incidence of cervicitis which is statistically significant with p-value<0.0001. Thus, it is necessary to carry out periodic checks on women who use hormonal contraception to prevent cervicitis and cervical cancer.
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease originated from parasite Toxoplasma gondii. toxoplasmosis can cause anembryonic gestation, spontaneous abortion, fetal abnormalities (hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcification, mental retardation), brain and eyes neurological disorders. Toxoplasmosis also can lead to Alzheimer's disease as its long-term effect. The prevalence of Toxoplasmosis worldwide is about 25-30%. The purpose if this research is to analyze The Correlation Between Pet Ownership with The Toxoplasmosis Occurrence of The Patients in Bogor Aquatreat Clinic 2019. In this research, case control research design is used with a quantitative approach. This research is an observational research using data of medical record in the Aquatreat clinic by selecting the positive serological test results of Toxoplasmosis (IgG) for the case group and selecting the negative serological test results of Toxoplasmosis (IgG) for the control group. Afterwards, interviews of the case and the control groups were done by filling out the questionnaire (GForm). The data is taken from patients who visited in 2019 with total of 286 patients. The data that are willing to be used as samples are the data of 108 patients. The data analysis techniques used in this research were phased, those are univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyzes which computerized by using a statistical program. The result showed that the proportion of the respondents who own pet in the toxoplasmosis case group is 53,70% and the group who does not own pet that is 46,30%. While the pet ownership in the control group is 29,63% and the group who does not own pet is 38 70,37%. The final model of logistic regression test analysis showed the significant correlation between pet ownership with the toxoplasmosis occurrence with OR value 2,88 (95% CI: 1,146,90; p-value: 0,024) which means the pet ownership in the case group has risk 2,88 times higher to have compared to the group who does not own pet after controlled by other variables that are blood transfusion history, gender, at-risk meat consumption and house cleanliness.
Hypertension is one of diseases caused world health problems. The prevalence of hypertension is predicted will be increase. Hypertension in Indonesia are dominated by the female population. One of the risk factors caused hypertension is the use of hormonal contraception. This study aims to determine the association between the last birth hormonal contraception and the prevalence of hypertension. The research design was cross-sectional from January to June 2023 used the 2018 Riskesdas data. The exposed group was 45,178 respondents who used hormonal contraception and the unexposed group was 30,845 who did not use hormonal contraception. The results showed that there was a significant association between the use of hormonal contraception and the prevalence of hypertension after controlling for age and body mass index with AdjPR 1.10 (95% CI 1.06–1.12). This study also assessed the association between types of hormonal contraception including 3-month injection contraception with AdjPR value of 1.08 (95% CI 1.05-1.12); 1-month injectable contraception with AdjPR value of 0.99 (95% CI 0.93-1.05), implant contraceptive AdjPR 0.90 (95% CI 0.84-0.96), and contraceptive pill AdjPR 1.30 (95% CI 1.23-1.35). This is expected to illustrate the importance of choosing the right contraception to prevent the hypertension
Cervical cancer is commonly occurs in woman. More than 1.4 million ofwomen suffer from this disease.In Indonesia the Incidence Rate of cervical canceris 13/100.000 woman. The result of early detection cervical cancer program withIVA method in Karawang revealed 246 cases from 2010-2013. In 2014 until Junethere are 56 cases. The increasing of divorced rate (200 cases/year)andprostitutions di Karawang District are the risk factor of cervical cancer. Thepurpose of this research is to know the risk factor of changed sex partner towardscervical cancer in Karawang District.A case control study design was conducted with two controls per case. Thesource of data identified from public health centre register and confirmed casesfrom hospital register of Karawang during 2014. Information collected onparticipants using pretested questionnaires, during household interviews includedage, education level, occupation, income, family cervical cancer history, age offirst sex, smoking, using hormonal contraception, parity and consumption pattern.We estimated odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI 95%) usingmultivariate logistic regression.Fifty-two cases and 104 controls were enrolled. The bivariate model ofchanging sex partner towards cervical cancer showed (OR: 3.57 CI 95%: 1.67-7.6). The multivariate model included age, level education, income, familycervical cancer history, smoking active and passive, parity, age of first time sex,using hormonal contraception, and food contain carcinogen consumption. Theodds ratio adjusted (OR adj : 2.68, CI 95%: 1.03-6.9). The variable of age, level ofeducation, family cervical cancer history, active smoking and using hormonalcontraception are the confounders in relation between changing sex partner withcervical cancer.Woman with changing sex partner behaviour were more likely to havecervical cancer 2.68 times compared with women who did not changing sexpartner. District Health office of Karawang should increasing the health campaignof the risk factor of cervical cancer and preventing cervical cancer with earlydetection in public health centre.Key words: cervical cancer, changing sex partner, case control study
Recent study showed that high blood pressure is a major cause of male sexual dysfunction. However, how hypertension affects women sexual function was not understood. This study aims to investigate the relationship between hypertension and FSD. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a private primary healthcare clinic, in Serang City, Banten Province from August-September 2019. All women aged 18 years or older, at least elementary school graduated, had sexual activities during the last 4 weeks were recruited. Patient sexual function was assessed by the Indonesian validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-I). Sexual dysfunction (SD) was defined if the total FSFI-I score was < 26.55. Modified cox-regression performed to evaluate the association between hypertension and SD. A total of 442 women were included in this study with a response rate of 86.3%. A total of 91.67% women with hypertension (121/132) in this study had FSD and a total of 72.9% women without hypertension (226/310) had FSD. Hypertension increased the proportion of FSD with an aPR 1.76 (95% CI: 1.20-2.60). FSD is a common problem and the prevalence increase in women with hypertension. Holistic approach management in hypertension needs to be done including the assessment of sexual function in women with hypertension.
