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Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi HIV lebih tinggi pada Penasun dewasa madya, namun meningkat 10% pada Penasun dewasa muda. Analisis multivariabel menunjukkan perilaku berisiko yang dapat meningkatkan status HIV positif tahun 2011 pada Penasun dewasa muda adalah mulai menyuntik NAPZA pada usia ≤ 18 tahun, tidak mengurangi praktik setting basah, pernah melakukan hubungan seks, berhubungan seks dengan lebih dari 1 orang, dan tidak konsisten menggunakan kondom; sedangkan pertama kali menyuntik dan berhubungan seks pada usia ≤ 18 tahun dapat meningkatkan risiko HIV positif pada Penasun dewasa madya.
Pada tahun 2015 perilaku berisiko yang dapat meningkatkan status HIV positif pada Penasun dewasa muda adalah menyuntik NAPZA pada usia ≤ 18 tahun, pinjam meminjam jarum, dan tidak konsisten menggunakan kondom; sedangkan pertama kali menyuntik pada usia ≤ 18 tahun, dan memiliki pasangan seks tidak tetap dapat meningkatkan risiko HIV positif pada Penasun dewasa madya. Perlu adanya peningkatan layanan pencegahan HIV ke Penasun dewasa muda dan intervensi terhadap jejaring Penasun.
Kata kunci : Penasun, dewasa muda, dewasa madya, perilaku berisiko HIV
IDU is population-at-risk that has the highest HIV prevalance in Indonesia. This study aims to know different risk behavior among young adult and middle-aged adult IDU in 3 cities in Indonesia. This study design is cross sectional by using IBBS data 2011 and 2015. Samples in this study were IDU in 3 cities in Indonesia that meet inclusion and exclusion criteria.
The result shows that HIV prevalence is higher among middle-aged adult IDU, but increase 10% among young adult IDU. Multivariable analysis shows risk behaviors that increase risk of HIV positive among young adult IDU in 2011 are age at first injection ≤ 18 years, not reduce sharing drugs with water, ever had sex, and having multiple sex partners; whereas first injection and first had sex at ≤ 18 years old increase risk of HIV positive status among middle-aged adult IDU.
In 2015, risk behaviors that increase HIV positive status among young adult IDU are age at first injection ≤ 18 years, sharing syringes to inject, and not consistent using condom; whereas first injection at ≤ 18 years old and having casual sex partner increase risk of HIV positive among middle-aged adult IDU. Prevention HIV services should be improved for young adult IDU and also network intervention should be improved.
Keywords : IDU, young adult, middle-aged adult, hiv risk behavior
HIV has created major global health problem and so far it has claimed more than 32 million lives. One of the causes of HIV/AIDS was sexual risk factors including bisexual, homosexual, and heterosexual. The highest HIV-AIDS transmission through heterosexuals was 38.4% which tends to increase by 2-3% in a year, while homosexuals was 15.7% in Bandung. Based on this, the researcher wants to know the distribution HIV and AIDS cases by age, sex and died based on sexual orientation groups in Bandung. This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design with secondary data on HIV and AIDS surveillance in 2019 conducted by the Public Health Office in Bandung. The inclusion criteria in this study were all populations of sexual risk factor groups consisting of bisexual, homosexual and heterosexual. Data analysis in this study used the chisquare test with a confidence level of 95%. Total sample in this study were 609 respondents consisting of bisexual groups (32 respondents), homosexuals (287 respondents) and heterosexuals (290 respondents). Respondents with AIDS were more common in the heterosexual group (30.3%) compared to homosexuals (22.3%) and bisexuals (18.8%). HIV was more common in the bisexual group (81.3%) compared to the homosexual group (77.7%) and heterosexual (69.7%). Age is significantly related to the homosexual group. Age and sex factors do not have a significant with HIV and AIDS in the heterosexual group. Further research especially on demographic variables is needed to explain the effect of socio- demographic factors with the incidence of HIV and AIDS based on sexual orientation groups.
Obesity caused by unequality of nutrition intake and energy output which ismeasured by body mass index (BMI) as parameter. Unequality phenomenaaccured by complex determinants called compositional and contextual factor. Theaim from this study is identify complex determinants of BMI in 16 province inIndonesia which have higher obesity prevalence than national obesity prevalence.This study use cross-sectional design study and 180.352 sampel of Indonesianadults in 19-44 years old. BMI measured from body height and body weight. Datafor compositional determinants collected from Basic Health Research 2013 givenby National Health Research and Development of Indonesia. Data for contextualdeterminants collected from Statistical of Statistik Potensi Desa 2011, StatistikPerilaku Peduli Lingkungan Hidup 2013 dan Statistik Pengeluaran KonsumsiMakanan-Bukan Makanan dan Pendapatan/Penerimaan Rumah Tangga 2013given by Berau of Statistic of Indonesia. Analysis using multilevel linearregression. Compositional determinant dominant of IMT reported is socialeconomy status. Social economy status have postive associated with BMI.Contextual determinants dominant of IMT reported are motorized-user and fast-food outlet have postive associated with BMI. Policy to encorouge people toaccess healthy food and physical activity expectable to reduce non-communicablediseases.Keywords: body mass index, adults, multilevel analysis.
The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women should decrease, considering the number in Indonesia has included a severe public health problem (43.2%). The cause of anemia in pregnant women is greater due to iron deficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to take iron supplementation or blood-added tablets for pregnant women to prevent the risks posed by iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. Based on the 2017 IDHS report, it is known that the consumption of blood-added tablets according to the health recommendations of pregnant women is only 44% and this figure is still far from the 2015-2019 Strategic Plan target. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the consumption of blood-added tablets in pregnant women in Indonesia. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional research design and the use of data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey. The analysis in this study was carried out using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the proportion of pregnant women who consumed at least 90 tablets added blood was 44.1% (42.8% -45.4%). There is a significant relationship between the consumption of blood-added tablets with wealth index, area of residence, marital status, frequency of ANC visits, time of first ANC, parity, and husband's support. The most dominant factor related to the consumption of blood-added tablets is the frequency of ANC visits. Therefore, health care workers need to provide education to pregnant women to do ANC as often as possible which is part of the program of giving blood-added tablets to control their health during pregnancy to prevent the risk of iron deficiency.
Latar belakang: Angka kejadian HIV/AIDS di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Walaupun angka kematian berhasil ditekan namun klinik Teratai Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin melaporkan angka loss to follow-up (LTFU) di tahun 2008 lebih tinggi daripada angka kematian. Kepatuhan berobat di awal terapi diketahui berpengaruh terhadap retensi berobat.Metode: Penelitian ini menganalisis kohort sebanyak 412 orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) yang berobat ARV di klinik Teratai Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin pada Januari 2008 hingga Desember 2012 berusia 15 tahun ke atas dan bertempat tinggal di kota Bandung sebagai subyek. Kepatuhan berobat dinilai dari apakah subyek selalu mengambil obat dalam 3 bulan pertama terapi. Subyek dinyatakan tidak patuh jika sekali saja tidak mengambil obat. Subyek yang meninggal dunia atau LTFU setelah menjalani minimal 3 bulan terapi dinyatakan sebagai atrisi. LTFU ialah tidak datang berturut-turut selama 3 bulan dan tidak ada kabar serta tidak berhasil dihubungi oleh staf klinik. Subyek yang tidak mengalami atrisi dinyatakan sebagai retensi. Data dianalisa menggunakan regresi Cox Proportional Hazards untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepatuhan berobat di 3 bulan awal terapi terhadap retensi berobat dalam 5 tahun.Hasil: Subyek yang mengalami atrisi adalah sebanyak 19,9% dimana 4,6% meninggal dan 15,3% LTFU. Proporsi subyek yang tidak patuh dalam 3 bulan pertama terapi adalah 28,9%. Subyek yang tidak patuh di 3 bulan awal terapi mempunyai adjHR sebesar 1,27 (95% CI 0,75-2,17) terhadap LTFU dan adjHR sebesar 1,73 (95% CI 1,11-2,70) terhadap atrisi.
Kesimpulan: Proporsi subyek di klinik Teratai yang tidak patuh berobat dan yang mengalami atrisi masih tinggi. Ketidakpatuhan berobat di 3 bulan pertama terapi berpengaruh buruk terhadap retensi berobat hingga 5 tahun.
Background: HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Indonesia is still increasing. Although case fatality rate (CFR) is decreasing, Teratai Clinic at Hasan Sadikin Hospital reported higher loss to follow-up (LTFU) than CFR in 2008. Early ARV therapy adherence is reported to be associated with therapy retention.
Methods: This study analyzed a cohort of 412 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) iniating ARV therapy in Teratai Clinic of Hasan Sadikin Hospital around January 2008 - December 2012, age 15 year old or older and living in Bandung city as subjects. Adherence is assessed by whether or not subject always pick up medication in initial 3 months therapy. Subject considered as nonadherent if missed at least one medication. Dead or LTFU subject after 3 months therapy will be classified as attrition. LTFU defined as missing medication for 3 months in a row without any report or which unable to be contacted by clinic staff. Subject who is not classified as attrition will be considered as retention. Data were analyzed by Cox Regression Proportional Hazards to find out the association between adherence in 3 months initial therapy and 5 years retention.
Results: Proportion of subjects which classified as attrition is 19.9%; 4.6% dead and 15.3% LTFU. Proportion of subjects which classified as nonadherent in 3 months intial therapy is 28.9%. Nonadherent subjects in 3 months initial therapy had adjHR 1.27 (95% CI 0.75-2.17) to LTFU and adjHR 1.73 (95% CI 1.11-2.70) to attrition.Conclusions: The proportion of nonadherent and attrition in subjects at Teratai clinic is still high. Nonadherent in 3 months initial therapy had bad association to 5 years retention.
