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Appropriate and rational use of antibiotic is believed to prevent the occurrence of resistance to antibiotic also affect the success of the treatment of pneumonia patients. The irrational use of antibiotic is thought to also be able to cause lengthening of the length of stay in the hospital, thereby affecting the cost of treating pneumonia patients. Riskesdas data for 2018 showed an increase in the prevalence of pneumonia based on diagnosis by health professionals by 2%, while in 2013 it was 1.8%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the rational use of antibiotic with the clinical outcome of pneumonia patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital. This research is a quantitative descriptive-analytic (cross-sectional) study whose data was collected retrospectively using medical records of patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital for the period of January 1 2019 to 31 December 2019. Of the 77 samples obtained, 37.7% patients get the right antibiotik, 93.5% of patients get the right dose of antibiotic, 85.7% of patients get antibiotic with the right duration, and 98.7% of patients get antibiotic with the right frequency. Clinical improvement that occurred ≤ fifth day was 88.3% and length of stay ≤ 5 days was 67.5%. The rationality of antibiotik use did not show a significant relationship to clinical outcome (p value > 0.05) and length of stay (p value > 0.05).
Penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat dan berlebihan dapat mengakibatkan pemborosan sumber daya kesehatan, karena sebagian besar pasien membayar obat dengan biaya pribadi sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerugian biaya dan selain itu dapat menyebabkan reaksi obat yang merugikan dan meningkatkan gangguan kesehatan akibat dari efek samping obat. Selain itu, penggunaan antimikroba yang berlebihan dapat meningkatkan resistensi kuman terhadap obat ( untuk jenis antibiotika ) dan meningkatkan gangguan kesehatan akibat dari efek samping obat. Untuk itu WHO merekomendasikan 12 langkah intervensi untuk lebih meningkatkan penggunaan obat secara rasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang pemahaman penggunaan obat rasional serta penerapan kebijakan RS terhadap 8 dari 12 langkah intervensi yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO untuk lebih meningkatkan penggunaan obat yang rasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan POR sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan, dan dipahami secara keseluruhan dan RSUP Persahabatan telah menerapkan 8 dari 12 langkah rekomendasi WHO untuk lebih meningkatkan pengunaan obat rasional sebesar 70,49%.
Drugs using need to be examined and we also need a correct data of quality and quantity of antibiotic use in order the antibiotic that being recommended by the doctor was safe, rational and effective. Inaccurate drugs using could cost the patient paid more money than he should be and made the patient facing the side effect of the antibiotic that have been given by the doctor, not to mention influencing their own health. Inaccurate antimicrobial using, could increase the resistance of bacteria against the drugs (the antibiotic ones), and also force the patient facing the side effect of the drugs. For those reasons above, WHO recommended 12 steps of intervention promoting rational drugs use. The purpose of this research was to describe the understanding of rational drugs use and also system implementation and hospital policy of eight out of twelve intervention steps recommended by WHO to enhance the rational drugs use. The research result showed that POR policy was so essential, not just to be understood but also need to be properly and entirely done. They already implemented 8 of 12 steps to promoting rational use of medicine and show the number of 70,49%.
