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Musculoskeletal complaints are still often found among batik-making workers, especially low back pain (LBP). This study aims to explain and analyze the risk factors for LBP, including physical, equipment, environmental, and individual factors. This study is a descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach using total sampling technique in one of the Pekalongan batik houses. Data collection used REBA worksheets, NMQ, and related risk factor questionnaires. The results showed that all workers had felt complaints of LBP, both acute and chronic with varying frequencies. Four out of six activities were identified as having a high level of ergonomic risk (nyolet, nylerek, nglorot, and drying). The equipment (chairs, gawangan, and drying poles) had dimensional incompatibility with workers' anthropometry. Most of workers felt that the lighting and temperature of the workplace were comfortable but still felt complaints of LBP. It is suspected that women and high body mass index are more at risk of feeling LBP complaints with consideration of working conditions that require workers to sit for a long time. Modification need to be made to the chair (base height 36.7 cm; base length 38.6 cm; base width 47.1 cm; backrest height 56.3 cm), gawangan (height 111 cm), and drying pole (height 133.7), as well as administrative efforts such as installing stretching education posters and providing stretching time between jobs to minimize the incidence of LBP.
Perawat IGD berisiko terkena Nyeri Pinggang Bawah (NPB). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk deteksi awal tingkat risiko ergonomi pada aktivitas perawat di IGD RSUD Tarakan Jakarta tahun 2013. Dari 36 perawat, 26 orang mengeluh nyeri pada punggung tengah dan 22 orang nyeri pada punggung bawah sehabis bekerja. Penelitian kualitatif dengan mengamati aktivitas perawat mengukur tekanan darah, memasang infus, memasang kateter, membuang urin, menjahit luka, mengangkat dan memindahkan pasien, teridentifikasi mereka memiliki hazard ergonomi, yaitu saat membungkuk, mengangkat dan jongkok dengan peralatan kerja. Menggunakan metode REBA dan NIOSH lifting equation analysis, hasilnya mendapatkan aktivitas tingkat risiko tinggi adalah membuang urin, mengangkat dan memindahkan pasien. Tingkat risiko dapat diturunkan pada alat kerja yaitu tempat tidur dan kursi adjustable; meja spesimen dari stainless steel,dan pispot leher panjang dilengkapi angka ukur.
Nurse in the Emergency room at risk of Lower Back Pain (LBP). This research aimed at early detection of ergonomic risk level in nurse activities at emergency room Tarakan Hospital Jakarta in 2013. Of the 36 nurses, 26 complained of middle back pain and 22 lower back pain after work. Case study by observing the activity of the nurse measuring blood pressure, putting IV drip, putting a catheter, passing urine, suturing wound, lifting and moving patients who had ergonomic hazard, for example bending, lifting and squatting with working equipment (bed size, brandkard). Using REBA method and the NIOSH lifting equation analysis had the results, high risk level of activities were identified as passing urine, lifting and moving patients. The level of risk could be lowered by using adjustable beds and chairs; specimen table made of stainless steel, and a long neck numbered pot to measure urine.
Kata Kunci: QEC, REBA, musculoskeletal disorders, furniture, informal, tingkatrisiko ergonomi.
ABSTRAK Batik Indonesia secara resmi diakui oleh United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) pada tahun 2009 dan masuk dalam daftar representatif sebagai Budaya Tak Benda Warisan Manusia. Faktanya, industri kerajinan batik di Indonesia telah tumbuh dan berkembang sejak berabad-abad yang lalu. Saat ini, pembinaan pada Pengrajin Batik merupakan salah satu program kerja Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan, Koperasi, dan Usaha Kecil Menengah Provinsi DIY Seksi UKM dan termasuk dalam kategori kegiatan informal. Namun ironisnya hingga saat ini belum semua usaha-usaha ekonomi informal terjangkau oleh program-program pembinaan dan perlindungan yang berkesinambungan. Pengrajin Batik Tulis X merupakan salah satu UKM yang berada dibawah binaan Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan, Koperasi, dan UKM Provinsi D.I Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan pengamatan awal yang dilakukan pada Pengrajin Batik Tulis X, di wilayah Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada bulan Oktober 2011, Peneliti mendapati kondisi pembatik tulis melakukan pekerjaan membatik dalam posisi duduk dalam durasi kerja yang panjang, ± 6-8 jam per hari. Namun ironisnya, ruang dan peralatan kerja (kursi, gawangan dan posisi kompor) yang dipergunakan belum ergonomis yaitu belum adanya kesesuaian dengan antropometri tubuh orang Indonesia yang akhirnya mengharuskan pembatik bekerja dalam postur janggal. Dalam kurun waktu yang panjang hal ini dapat berakibat munculnya penyakit akibat kerja seperti cedera otot. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perancangan ulang terhadap ruang dan peralatan kerja bagi pembatik tulis sehingga dapat meminimalisir kemungkinan risiko-risiko kesehatan yang mungkin muncul pada kemudian hari dengan berpedoman pada penerapan dimensi-dimensi tubuh antropometri orang Indonesia.
Abstract United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) officially recognized Batik Indonesia in 2009, and registered under culture themes of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Nevertheless, batik craft industry have grown and evolved since hundred years ago. Furthermore, one of work program of Cooperation Trade Industry and Small Medium Business Unit in Provincial Jogjakarta under Small Medium Business Section is to coach small and medium business of batik crafter, thus, it is categorized as informal activity. Unluckily, this informal activity which related to economic empowerment has not been covered by sustainable coaching and protecting program from local government. Hand-drawn Batik Craft Industry X is one of small medium business activiy under supervision of Cooperation Trade Industry and Small Medium Business Unit Provincial Jogjakarta. Based on preliminary observation Hand-drawn Batik Crafter Industry X in District of Bantul under Provincial Jogjakarta in October 2011, researcher captured the hand-drawn batik crafter while they worked, seating for long period 6-8 hours a day. In addition, work space and work tools used (work chair, gawangan and stove) are not in ergonomic condition, means that the work station and work tools are not suitable for body anthropometry of Indonesian people; consequently the hand-drawn batik crafter works in awkward posture. As a result of current working condition, it might significantly effect to hand-drawn batik crafter such as muscle injury. This research is aim to redesign of work station and tools by using ergonomic approach for hand-drawn batik crafter, so that the health effect could be minimized in the long term period; at once, work station and work tools should be adjusted with dimension of body anthropometry of Indonesian people.
Technological development can help improve the effectiveness and productivity.However, these developments could have a negative impact if it is not inaccordance with the characteristics and capabilities of workers. One suchdiscrepancy is due to the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This studyassesses posture on workers in industrial centers PATRIA bag in 2013 working ina sitting position with the number of respondents 2013. Another factor is relatedto postir duration, frequency and workload was assessed using RULA. Thisassessment was completed with using the QEC to get a risk index score on thebody. This study also present the individual characteristics such as age, gender,years, body mass index, smoking and exercise behaviors that contribute to theoccurrence of MSDs. This assessment also assessed MSDs complaints using aquestionnaire NBM. This study is a descriptive observational cross-sectionalstudy design. the results of this study showed a very high risk of MSDs in thewhole process of bag making and agenda that is cutting, pasting, sewing andfinishing. Most complaints are on the upper neck (60%), right shoulder, back, andwaist (50%). for it, necessary control measures with improved ergonomic designand administrative work such as restrictions on hours of work, work ergonomicsextension method involving local business owners and health centers as well asactively involving workers ringkat to reduce the risk of MSDs and complaints.Keywords :workload, duration, frequency, ergonomic risk factors, individual characteristics,complaints MSDs, NBM, posture, RULA and QEC