Abstrak: Penelitianini tentang health risk assessment pada kegiatan produksi yang dilakukan di area Stasiun Pengumpul A (SP A) dan Stasiun Pengumpul Utama B (SPUB) PT X tahun 2014. Penilaian risiko kesehatan dilakukan dengan dengan menganalisis nilai potensi dari bahaya yang ada (P), Frekuensi pajanan (F), Durasi (D), Risiko Awal (RA), Upaya Perlindungan (UP) dan Risiko Risidual (RR) untuk mengetahui level risiko kesehatan yang ada pada setiap kegiatan kerja. metode penelitian ini adalah semikuantitatif dengan melakukan observasi dan pengumpulan data. Hasil dari penilaian risiko menunjukkan bahwa pada kegiatan di area SP A yaitu pengukuran volume tangki di tangki produksi 7 (benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, pasta gasoline), di tangki 4 dan 6 (pasta gasoline), pengoprasian pompa transfer, compressor (bising) memiliki risiko kesehatan tinggi. Sedangakn di area SPU B pajanan kebisingan pada pompa transfer memiliki risiko medium. Kata Kunci: Health Risk Assessment(HRA), Stasiun Pengumpul (SP), Potensi bahaya (P), Frekuensi pajanan (F), Durasi (D), Risiko Awal (RA), Upaya Perlindungan (UP) dan Risiko Risidual (RR) This Health Risk Assessment research that was held at Oil Station A (SP A) and Primary Oil Station B (SPU B) PT X Years 2014. Health risk assessment was conducted by analyzing the value potential of hazard (P), Frequency rate of exposure (F), Duration (D), level of risk (RA), Prevention means (UP) and Residual Risk (RR) from every job activity. This study is a semi quantitative method by observation and data collection. The result of this risk assessment indicated that in SP A activity, measuring the volume of tank in tank production 7 (benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, gasoline pasta), in tank 4 and 6 (gasoline past), in transfer pump and compressor (noisy) has a high risk. While in the area SPU B noise exposure in transfer pump that have a medium risk. Keywords: Health Risk Assessment (HRA), oil station (SP), Potential hazard (P), exposure frequency (F), duration (D), Level of Risk (RA), Safeguard (UP) and Residual Risk (RR)

Abstrak: Proses kerja pada area Hydro Cracking Complex HCC memiliki risiko bahaya kesehatan kimia dan fisika bagi pekerja. Penelitian ini menilai gambaran bahaya risiko kesehatan dan Health Risk Assessment HRA dengan menggunakan metode semi kuantitatif untuk menentukan skor durasi, eksposure, konsekuensi, dan likelihood yang selanjutnya akan dihitung dalam Risk Assessment Matriks RAM . Pedoman yang digunakan untuk menghitung yaitu International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association IPIECA dan International Association of Oil Gas Producers OGP tahun 2006.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan proritas pengendalian risiko di area HCC bahaya kesehatan fisika dan kimia berada pada 4 tingkat yaitu: tidak perlu dilakukan tindakan segera, prioritas pertama, kedua, dan ketiga untuk dilakukan tindakan.Penilaian HRA menunjukkan terdapat bahaya fisika berupa bahaya pencahayaan, heat stress, dan bising. Sedangkan bahaya kimia yang ditemukan yaitu uap Hidrocarbon, Fuel Gas CO, Fuel Gas H2S, Fuel Gas CO2, Ammonia NH3 , Benzene Toluene Xylene BTX , Soda Api NaOH , Katalis, Steam H2, Ceceran fuel oil, N2, SO2, LPG, Indoor Air Quality CO, CO, O2,Nox, SOx , dan Lube oil. Tingkat risiko bahaya kesehatan dapat dikurangi dengan melakukan hirarki kontrol, yaitu dengan mengeliminasi bahaya, menambah intensitas cahaya, pembatasan area kerja, rotasi pekerja, penggunaan APD yang sesuai, dan perhitungan kadar paparan bahan kimia.

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Working processess at Hydro Cracking Complex HCC have chemical dan physical hazards for the workers. This study asssessed about health risk hazard and Health Risk Assessment HRA by using semiquantitative method to determine score, exposure, consequence, and likelihood, then we rsquo ll calculate them into Risk Assessment Matriks RAM . The guideline that we use is from International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association IPIECA and the International Association of Oil Gas Producers OGP.Based on the calculation we found 4 level of risk hazard control for chemical dan physical hazards, there are, no need immediate action, first, second, and third priority of action.HRA result shows there are some physical hazards, lighting, heat stress and noise. There were also found chemical hazards, they are Hidrocarbon, Fuel Gas CO, Fuel Gas H2S, Fuel Gas CO2, Ammonia NH3 , Benzene Toluene Xylene BTX , NaOH, Katalis, Steam H2, fuel oil, N2, SO2, LPG, Indoor Air Quality CO, CO, O2,Nox, SOx , and Lube oil. The level of risk can be reduced by applying control of hierarchy, such as eliminating hazard, increasing light intensity, limiting working area, worker rotation, using appropriate PPE, and measure chemical hazard exposure.

Abstrak:

Tesis ini membahas tentang penilaian risiko yang dilakukan di Stasiun Pengumpul Gas Y PT X.  Metode penilaiaan risikonya menggunakan penggabungan 2 (dua) analisis yaitu analisis risiko proses melalui metode Hazops dan analisis risiko peralatan melalui metode risk based inspection (RBI). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observational dengan pendekatan analisis risiko semikuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran tingkat risiko proses dan peralatan di Stasiun Pengumpul Gas Y, dimana tingkat risiko tertinggi ada pada proses dan peralatan tanki penampung kondensat. Tingkat risiko tersebut diperoleh dari kombinasi kemungkinan kejadian (likelihood) dan konsekuensi/keparahan dampak (severity). Selain itu dihasilkan butir-butir rekomendasi untuk mengendalikan risiko sampai pada risiko yang dapat diterima. Kata kunci : Risiko, likelihood, severity/konsekuensi.

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The focus of this research is risk assessment carried out at Gas Gathering Station Y in PT X. Risk assessment method applied are combination between process hazard analysis by using Hazops method and equipment risk analysis by using risk based inspection (RBI) method. The research is observational by semiquantitative analysis approach. The research gives description regarding process and equipment risk level at Gas Gathering Station Y, which is the highest risk level is on the process and equipment named condensate storage tank. Risk level is calculated by combining likelihood and severity/consequence value. The research also recommend several risks control to reduce risk to be acceptable risk. Key words : Risk, likelihood, severity/consequence.

Abstrak:

Paparan terhadap bahan kimia dan faktor fisika di lingkungan kerja manufaktur herbisida berpotensi menimbulkan risiko kesehatan serius jika tidak dilakukan pengendalian secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan Health Risk Assessment (HRA) terhadap bahaya kimia dan fisika yang dihadapi oleh pekerja di area produksi, packaging, dan gudang pada industri manufaktur herbisida, dengan pendekatan berbasis Similar Exposure Group (SEG). Metode yang digunakan mengacu pada kerangka kerja ISO 31000:2018 dan praktik rekomendasi HRA dari otoritas internasional. Data diperoleh melalui dokumen pemantauan lingkungan kerja, SDS, OHSERA, dan wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan. Risiko dinilai menggunakan matriks semi-kuantitatif berdasarkan skor likelihood dan severity, dengan validasi keparahan kesehatan merujuk pada referensi seperti ACGIH dan literatur ilmiah terkini. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa SEG Proses menghadapi risiko tinggi dari paparan Monoisopropylamine (MIPA) dan Kalium Hidroksida (KOH), sedangkan SEG Packaging dan Warehouse memiliki risiko signifikan akibat kebisingan, getaran, panas, serta uap bahan kimia volatil. Evaluasi existing control menunjukkan pengendalian belum optimal dalam menurunkan risiko ke tingkat rendah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan pengendalian teknis dan administratif, seperti ventilasi lokal, rotasi kerja, penggunaan alat pelindung diri yang sesuai, serta pengaturan waktu kerja-istirahat, diperlukan untuk menurunkan risiko residual. Penilaian risiko berbasis SEG terbukti efektif dalam memetakan prioritas pengendalian dan memberikan dasar yang kuat untuk pengambilan keputusan K3 di industri sejenis.

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Exposure to chemical agents and physical hazards in herbicide manufacturing environments poses serious health risks if not managed systematically. This study aims to conduct a Health Risk Assessment (HRA) of chemical and physical hazards encountered by workers in the production, packaging, and warehouse areas of a herbicide manufacturing industry, using a Similar Exposure Group (SEG) approach. The methodology follows the ISO 31000:2018 risk management framework and international best practices for occupational health risk assessment. Data were obtained through environmental monitoring reports, safety data sheets (SDS), OHSERA records, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. Risks were assessed using a semi-quantitative matrix based on likelihood and severity scores, with health severity validation referring to ACGIH and recent peer-reviewed scientific literature. The findings indicate that the Process SEG faces high risks from exposure to Monoisopropylamine (MIPA) and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), while the Packaging and Warehouse SEGs are significantly affected by noise, vibration, heat, and volatile chemical vapors. Evaluation of existing controls reveals that current measures are not sufficiently effective in reducing risks to acceptable levels. The study concludes that stronger technical and administrative controls—such as local exhaust ventilation, work rotation, appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and regulated work-rest schedules—are essential to achieve low residual risks. Risk assessment based on SEGs has proven effective in mapping control priorities and provides a solid foundation for occupational health and safety decision-making in similar industrial settings.

Abstrak: Kasus gangguan otot akibat kerja (GOTRAK) mempunyai proporsi 45% - 91% Penyakit Akibat Kerja (PAK) tertinggi di berbagai negara (Eurostat,2004; Aweto 2015). Postur kerja janggal merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya GOTRAK. Industri Proses kimia merupakan salah satu jenis industri yang banyak ditemukan postur kerja janggal. Penelitian ini membahas lebih mendalam tentang faktor risiko terjadinya postur janggal sebagai informasi dan dasar model perbaikan ergonomi di PT. X. Faktor risiko yang diteliti adalah faktor individu, pekerjaan dan desain tempat kerja. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif analisis deskriftif pendekatan observasional, Instrument yang digunakan adalah Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dengan wawancara, observasi dan pengukuran. Penelitian dilakukan pada 2 (dua) stasiun kerja yaitu reaksi Toluenesulfonyl Hydrazide (TSH) dan Azodicarbonamide (ADCA). Hasil telitian mendapatkan postur kerja paling berisiko adalah pada aktivitas penimbangan dan pengepakan Azodicarbonamide di stasiun kerja ADCA dengan skor 15. Perbaikan dengan rotasi kerja, variasi kerja , pelatihan ergonomi serta penyediaan alat bantu sangat disarankan untuk mengatasi postur kerja janggal.

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Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have the highest proportion of 45% - 91 % in most countries (Eurostat,2004; Aweto 2015). Awkward posture is the main cause of this MSDs. Chemical Process Industry is one work station in which awkward work posture is often found. The present study discusses more thoroughly on risk factor on awkward posture as information and basic model for ergonomic improvement at PT X. The risk factors studied included risk factor of individual, work and workplace design. This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis using oberservational approach. Instrument used was Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) with interview, observation and measurement. The study was conducted at 2 (two) work stations namely Toluenesulfonyl Hydrazide (TSH) and Azodicarbonamide (ADCA) reaction. Research result revealed that the most risky work posture was in weighing and packaging activity of Azodicarbonamide in the ADCA work station with score of 15. Improvement using work rotation, work variation, ergonomic training and provision of tools is highly recommended to overcome awkward posture.

Abstrak: Industri minyak memiliki risiko tinggi, kasus kejadian darurat seperti tumpahan minyak dan kebakaran di tangki pengumpul minyak sering terjadi dan digolongkan sebagai bahaya besar. Kejadian darurat ini dapat terjadi karena kegagalan safety protection layers (SPL) yang terpasang di tangki pengumpul minyak. Tangki T-04, T-09, T-18 adalah tangki pengumpul minyak PT. X yang berpotensi mengalami kejadian darurat tersebut, untuk itu dilakukan kajian dampak pajanan kimia berbahaya dan radiasi panas kebakaran tangki T-04, T-09, T-18 terhadap manusia dan fasilitas di sekitarnya. Metode kajian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk melakukan analisis dampak pajanan kimia berbahaya berupa merkaptan dan benzene serta radiasi panas yang ditimbulkan tumpahan minyak dan kebakaran tangki T-04, T-09, T-18 terhadap manusia dan fasilitas sekitar. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data sekunder baik yang ada di PT. X dan studi literatur dengan tanpa melakukan intervensi pada objek penelitian. Data yang didapatkan tersebut dipergunakan untuk mengetahui dampak pajanan kimia berbahaya dan radiasi panas secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan software ALOHA (Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere). Hasil simulasi ALOHA dari kerjadian darurat tumpahan minyak didapatkan pajanan merkaptan dan benzene di area Jalan Raya Utara PPP sebesar 1,33 ppm dan 379,68 ppm memberi dampak ketidaknyamanan, iritasi dan bersifat sementara bagi manusia yang terpajan di area tersebut. Pajanan di area Jalan Raya Selatan PPP sebesar 0,142 ppm dan 40,72 ppm tidak memberi dampak gangguan kesehatan bagi manusia yang terpajan di area tersebut. Pajanan di Area Ruang Operator PPP sebesar 2,9 ppm merkaptan mengakibatkan manusia yang terpajan mengalami ketidaknyamanan, iritasi dan bersifat sementara, pajanan benzene sebesar 829,79 ppm berdampak gangguan kesehatan yang merugikan atau serius atau gangguan kemampuan melarikan diri bagi manusia yang terpajan di area tersebut. Pajanan di Area Kantor PPP sebesar 1,18 ppm dan 338,45 ppm berdampak ketidaknyamanan, iritasi dan bersifat sementara bagi manusia yang berada di area tersebut. Hasil simulasi ALOHA dari kejadian kebakaran tangki mengakibatkan pajanan radiasi panas di area yang dihuni oleh manusia yaitu di Area Jalan Raya Utara PPP, Area Ruang Operator PPP, Area Kantor PPP dengan dampak yang dapat mengakibatkan kematian apabila terpajan sampai 60 detik, serta di Area Jalan Raya Selatan PPP berdampak mengalami luka bakar derajat dua apabila terpajan sampai 60 detik. Radiasi panas dari tangki terbakar juga berpotensi menimbulkan domino efek berupa kebakaran tangki di sekitar tangki yang sedang terbakar karena menerima radiasi panas sebesar 15 kW/m2. Safety Protection Layers yang terpasang di tangki PPP PT. X belum memadai sehingga kejadian darurat tumpahan minyak dan kebakaran masih pada level risiko tinggi yang menurut matriks risiko PT. X dikategorikan sebagai risiko yang tidak dapat diterima (Not Acceptable Risk). Kajian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk menambahkan Safety Protection Layers pada tangki penampung minyak PT. X untuk mengurangi risiko kebakaran menjadi risiko yang dapat diterima.

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The oil industry has a high risk, cases of emergencies such as oil spills and fires in oil storage tanks occur frequently and are classified as a major hazard. This emergency event can occur due to failure of the safety protection layers (SPL) installed in the oil storage tank. Tanks T-04, T-09, T-18 are oil storage tanks of PT. X which has the potential to experience this emergency event, for this reason, a study is carried out on the impact of hazardous chemical exposure and heat radiation from the T-04, T-09, T-18 tank fires on humans and surrounding facilities. The study method used was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach to analyze the impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals in the form of mercaptans and benzene and heat radiation caused by oil spills and tank fires T-04, T-09, T-18 on humans and surrounding facilities. This research was conducted through secondary data collection both at PT. X and literature studies without intervening in the research object. The data obtained is used to quantitatively determine the impact of exposure to hazardous chemicals and heat radiation using ALOHA (Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere) software. The results of the ALOHA simulation from the emergency incident of the oil spill showed that the exposure to mercaptans and benzene in the PPP North Highway area was 1.33 ppm and 379.68 ppm, causing discomfort, irritation and temporary effects for humans exposed to the area. Exposures in the South Highway PPP area of 0.142 ppm and 40.72 ppm did not have a health impact on humans exposed to the area. Exposure in the PPP Operator Room Area of 2.9 ppm mercaptan resulted in exposed humans experiencing discomfort, irritation and was temporary, exposure to benzene of 829.79 ppm resulted in adverse or serious health problems or impaired ability to escape for humans exposed in the area. Exposure in the PPP Office Area of 1.18 ppm and 338.45 ppm had an uncomfortable, irritating and temporary effect on humans in the area. ALOHA simulation results of tank fire incidents resulting in exposure to heat radiation in areas inhabited by humans, namely in the PPP North Highway Area, PPP Operator Room Area, PPP Office Area with an impact that can result in death if exposed to up to 60 seconds, as well as in the Highway Area South PPP has the impact of experiencing second degree burns if exposed to 60 seconds. Heat radiation from a burning tank also has the potential to cause a domino effect in the form of a tank fire around the burning tank due to receiving heat radiation of 15 kW/m2. Safety Protection Layers installed in PT. X is not sufficient so that oil spill and fire emergencies are still at a high risk level according to the risk matrix of PT. X is categorized as an unacceptable risk (Not Acceptable Risk). This study provides recommendations for adding Safety Protection Layers to the PT. X to reduce fire risk to an acceptable risk.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas pelaksanaan Health Risk Assessment di PT X Area Operasi Bagian Utara. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji data hasil ukur dosis personal selama 1 periode pengukuran tahun 2015 - 2017 dan melakukan penilaian risiko kesehatan dengan metode analisis semi-kuantitatif dengan mengacu Risk Assessment Matrix IPIECA & OGP 2006. Hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi 9 SEG, namun setelah dikaji secara kuantitatif terdapat SEG yang perlu diklasifikasikan menjadi beberapa sub-group dan health hazard hanya mengacu pada dokumen sekunder sebanyak 10 health hazard. Terdapat keragaman hasil ukur dosis personal dalam 1 SEG menunjukkan salah satu kelemahan pengklasifikasian SEG yang hanya mengacu jabatan pekerjaan saja. Residual Risk Level pada setiap SEG untuk seluruh bahaya gas (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene) berada pada tingkatan low risk, kecuali untuk H2S yang masuk kategori medium risk. Sementara noise diklasifikasikan low risk pada SEG GS Operator, MWT Operator, Gas Operator, Welder, Company Representative dan noise masuk medium risk pada sebagian SEG Technician shop terutama pada saat pekerjaan metalizing. Risk level bahaya H2S tidak dapat diturunkan menjadi Low mengingat tingkat severity berada pada tingkatan high (4). Penurunan risk level bahaya noise dapat dilakukan dengan konsistensi implementasi HCP dan perlu dilakukan pengukuran efektifitas fungsi earmuff / earplugs untuk mengetahui dosis efektif yang diterima pekerja. Risiko kesehatan pada tingkatan Low Risk, tetap harus dikelola agar level risk tidak meningkat sehingga PT X tetap melanjutkan penerapan existing control dan memastikan pelaksanaan kajian HRA lebih mendalam dengan melakukan observasi / wawancara untuk mengetahui efektifitas implementasi existing control terhadap Potential Risk Level dan Residual Risk Level

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This Health Risk Assessment research that was implemented at PT X North Operations Area. The aims of this study was to review the data on personal dose exposure measurement results for 1 measurement period 2015 - 2017 nd conduct a health risk assessment using a semi-quantitative analysis method with reference to the IPIECA & OGP Risk Assessment Matrix Year 2006. The results of this study identified 9 SEGs, but after being studied quantitatively there were SEGs that needed to be classified into several sub-groups and health hazards only referred to secondary documents as many as 10 health hazards. There is a variety of personal dose measurement results in 1 SEG showing one of the weaknesses in the classification of SEG which only refers to job title. The Residual Risk Level in each SEG for all gas hazards (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene) is at a low risk level, except for H2S which is in the medium risk category. Meanwhile, noise is classified as low risk in SEG GS Operators, MWT Operators, Gas Operators, Welder, Company Representatives and noise is a medium risk in several SEG Technician shops, especially during metalizing work. The H2S risk level cannot be lowered to low considering that the severity level is at a high level (4). Reducing the risk level of noise hazards can be implemented by consistent implementation of HCP and it is necessary to measure the effectiveness of the earmuff / earplugs function to determine the effective dose received by workers. Health risks at the Low Risk level must still be managed so that the risk level does not increase so that PT X continues to implement existing controls and ensure the implementation a comprehensive HRA study by conducting observations / interviews to determine the effectiveness of implementing existing controls on the Potential Risk Level and Residual Risk Level

Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas Penilaian Risiko Keselamatan Kerja dari Bahaya Fisik pada Operator Pigging pada Stasiun Penerimaan Pig di PT. X Tahun 2013, penelitian inibersifat deskriptif analaitik. Desain studi yang digunakan merupakan desai studi berdasarkan standar AS/NZS 4360:2004 dengan metode semi kuantitatif menggunakan Joh Hazard Analysis (JHA). Analisis Risiko dilakukan dengan menganalisis nilai konsekuensi, peluang, dan frekuensi, yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan Metode Fine yang ada pada AS/NZS 4360:2004. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan level risiko substansial dan priority 3. Oleh karenaitu, diberikan rekomendasi yang bersifat engineering dan administratif.
Kata kunci : AS/NZS 4360:2004, penilaian risiko, kemungkinan, pemajanan,konsekuensi, level risiko.

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This risk assesment of safety research that was held at Pig Receiver Station at PT. Xin 2013, is a descriptif analytic study. This design used a study design basedonstandard AS/NZS 4360:2004 with semi-quantitative method using the Joh HazardAnalysis (JHA). Risk analyzes wereconducted to analyze the velue of theconsequences, opportunities and frequency and analyzed using the methods of Fineexisting AS/NZS 4360:2004. The result showed that level of risk is substantial andpriority 3. Therefore, given the recommendation that is engineering andadministrative.
Keywords : AS/NZS 4360:2004, risk assessment, probability, exposure,consequences, level of risk.