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ABSTRAK
Sisa makanan merupakan salah satu indikator dalam pelayanan gizi khususnyapenyelenggaraan makanan. Dengan pelayanan makanan yang memuaskan selerapasien tanpa mengurangi nilai gizi merupakan terapi diet yang dibutuhkan dalampenyembuhan pasien. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen,dengan membagi sampel menjadi kelompok control dengan mendapatkanmakanan dengan standar porsi diet rumah sakit 2300 kkal dan kelompokperlakuan mendapat standar porsi diet sesuai kebutuhan 1700 kkal. Penelitian inidilakukan pada 34 responden, 17 kelompok control dan 17 kelompok perlakuan.Penelitian dilakukan pada pasien bedah perempuan dengan diet makanan biasa,usia 18-59 tahun, di ruang perawatan RSCM . Pengumpulan data sisa makanandengan system food weighing selama 4 hari. Analisis bivarian menggunakan uji bedadua mean T test independendandependen.Terdapat rata – rata sisa makanan padakelompok control sebanyak 206,37 gram dan kelompok perlakuan sebanyak 117.59 gramper orang per hari. Sisa makanan terbesar disumbangkan dari makanan pokok sebesar41,52% dan sayur sebanyak 24.15% pada kontrol dan 32.87% untuk makanan pokok dan21.81% untuk sayuran pada kelompok perlakuan dari total sisa makanan. Sisa makanankelompok kontrol sebanyak 17.65% masuk dalam katagori banyak (>20%)..Penelitianserupa dapat dilakukan pada kelompok pasien yang mendapatkan makanan lunak danpada kelompok pasien yang tidak berdiet khusus.
ABSTRACT
In nutritional services, waste plate becoming one particular indicator, especiallyin the food provisions for the patient. Food provisions that can satisfy patientstaste without compromising the nutritional value is a dietary therapy required inthe treatment of the patients itself. This is a quasi-experimental study, by dividingthe sample into the control group who received 2300 kcal standard dietaryhospital food portion and the treatment group who received standard dietservings as needed 1700 kcal. This study conducted on 34 respondents, both forthe control group as well as for the treatment group consists of 17 patients. Thestudy was conducted to female surgical patients with normal diet, age 18-59years, at Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo General Hospitals treatment room. The wasteplatedata collection performed by using the food weighing systems for 4 days.Two different mean independent and dependent T-test is used as the bivariateanalysis for this study. There is an average of the waste plate per person per dayas much as 206,37 grams in the control group and 117,59 grams in the treatmentgroup. The biggest waste plate comes from the staple foods and vegetables,respectively 41.52% and 24.15% in controls group and the treatment group was32.87% and 21.81% from the the total of leftover food. Waste plate in the controlgroup as much as 17.65% are included in a lot category (> 20%). Similar studiescan be performed on a group of patients who received bland foods and in thegroup of patients who did not having specific diet.
Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus tipe 2, kepatuhan diet, karakteristik individu, faktor psikososial
The level of dietary adherence in Indonesia is still low. Diet in maintaining food is often become an obstacles because the patient is still tempted by all food that can worsen their health. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study was using a cross-sectional design. The samples studied were all type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 with the age range 25-65 years was outpatient, samples were taken with non-random sampling method with purposive sampling of 130 people. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, filling-out questionnaires, 1x24 hour food recall and dan (semi- quantitative food frequency questionnaire) SFFQ form. The results showed 13.8% of respondents were diet-compliant. There were significant relationship between gender (p=0.008) and length of suffering (p=0.044) with between dietary adherence. The result of logistic regression test showed that the duration of suffering is the dominant factor associated with dietary adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were expected to pay attention to the diet recommended and carry it out well, to actively to improve the knowledge related to the disease diabetes mellitus and related to the other factors and still preserve diet that has been run for who has long been suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dietary adherence, individual characteristics, psychosocial factors
ABSTRAK Nama : Nurchajatie Program Studi : Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Judul :Model Prediksi Perubahan Status Gizi Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Ruang Rawat Inap RSUP Fatmawati Tahun 2018. Pembimbing : Ir. Ahmad Syafiq, M.Sc, Ph.d Status gizi kurang akibat malnutrisi rumah sakit merupakan penurunan status gizi karena kurangnya asupan atau daya terima makanan selama perawatan, dan menjadi masalah gizi pasien di rawat inap dan sering mendapat sorotan. Status gizi kurang seringkali dijadikan prediksi lama rawat pasien di rumah sakit. Malnutrisi rumah sakit atau penurunan status gizi selain akibat dari kekurangan asupan makanan, peningkatan kebutuhan sehubungan dengan kondisi penyakitnya dan juga kepuasan terhadap pelayanan gizi, umur, jenis kelamin, selera makan, dan kepatuhan diet. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui model prediksi perubahan status gizi pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian perubahan status gizi berdasarkan IMT rata-rata -0,2 ± 0,3 kg/m 2 . Dari hasil analisis regresi linier multivariate diperoleh model prediksi perubahan status gizi = - 0,764 + 0,004*Asupan Makan - 0,01*Kepatuhan diet – 0,014*Kepuasan terhadap pelayanan gizi + 0,011*Selera makan. Kesimpulan: Apabila asupan makan , nilai skor kepatuhan diet, nilai skor kepuasan terhadap pelayanan gizi serta nilai skor selera makan menurun, maka perubahan status gizi akan semakin negatif (menurun) dan asupan makan merupakan variabel yang berpengaruh dalam perubahan status gizi pasien DM tipe 2. Kata kunci: perubahan status gizi, diabetes melitus , malnutrisi rumah sakit.
ABSTRACT Name : Nurchajatie Study Program : Public Health Title : Prediction Model of the Change in Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Diabetes Melitus (type 2) Patients in Fatmawati General Hospital in 2018. Counsellor : Ir. Ahmad Syafiq, M.Sc, Ph.d Lack of nutrition caused by malnutrition during hospitalization is a decreasing nutritional status which is caused by lack of intake or the decreasing ability to accept food intake during hospitalization and become a nutrition problem for a patient of which often becomes focus of attention. Patient's lack of nutrition is often used to predict the length of treatment in the hospital. Malnutrition or decreasing nutrition status caused by lack of food intake, moreover caused by increasing need related to the condition of the sickness and also the satisfaction toward the services in nutrition provision, age, sex, appetite, and diet obedience. The main research objective is to know the model of prediction in the change of nutritional status of diabetes mellitus type 2. This research is an analytical observational research using cross sectional approach. The research result in the change of nutritional status is based on average IMT -0.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2. From the result of multivariate linear regression, it is obtained the prediction model of the change in nutritional status = -0.764 + 0.004*Food intake - 0.01*Diet obedience - 0.014*Satisfaction towards services in nutrition provision + 0.011*Appetite. Conclusion: if the food intake, the score of satisfaction towards services in nutrition provision, and the score of eating appetite are decreasing, then the change in nutritional status tends to be more negative (decreasing) and the food intake is an influential variable in the change of DM type 2 patient's nutritional status. Key words: change in nutritional status, diabetes mellitus, hospital malnutrition.
