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Kata kunci:Kecelakaan, analisis kecelakaan, Human Factors And Classification System, HFACS, Comprehensive List Of Causes, CLC
This thesis assess the accident in PT XYZ 2015 by using Human Factors AndClassification System (HFACS) framework. This research is a semi-quantitativewith design study analytical descriptive. Results from this study are a layer ofHFACS most weakness is unsafe act at 11 from total 11 accidents with theelements of decision error becomes a factor of the number one weakness, thenfollowed with a precondition of unsafe act at 10 with the elements of conditions ofservice to be the factors that most contribute to accidents, followed by unsafesupervision at 7 with inadequate leadership element is the factor that mostcontributed to the accident, and the latter as much as 5 of organizationalinfluences with elements of organizational climate and resource management isthe factor that most contributed to the accident. The analysis of research suggestscorrective actions at each level of HFACS, not only for active failures but alsolatent failures with reinforcing corrective action at the unsafe act layer.
Key words:Accident, accident analysis, Human Factors And Classification System, HFACS,Comprehensive List Of Causes, CLC
The focus of this research is to analyze all occupational accidents of lifting activities on land rig operations in PT ‘X’ using the Human Factor Analysis and Classifications System (HFACS) method in 2014 - 2018. The type of research methodology is qualitative research with a descriptive design. The final result shows that the unsafe act layer is the most ineffective layer that contributing to almost all occupational accident cases which is 45 of 49 total cases of occupational accidents. Error is the sub-layer of unsafe act which has the highest number of contributions to occupational accident cases with total 39 cases. On the other side, the organizational influences layer is the second layer that has high contribution to accident which is 26 of 49 total cases of occupational accidents. The organizational process is the sub-layer of organizational influences which contributing to 23 cases of occupational accident. The third layer which has contribution to accident is unsafe supervision. The unsafe supervision has contribution to accident which is 16 of 49 total cases of occupational accidents. Inadequate supervision and planned inappropriate operation are the sub-layer of inadequate supervision which contribute to the accident cases for 10 cases equally. The layer of preconditions for unsafe actions is the effective layer which has contribution to occupational accident cases which is 8 of 49 total cases of occupational accidents. Personnel factor is the sub-layer of preconditions for unsafe actions which contribute to 7 cases of occupational accidents. According to the result, researcher recommend that corrective action must be taken at each layer of HFACS as the safety protection system, both latent failures and active failures with the emphasis on improvement, which start from the organizational influences layer, followed by the unsafe supervisions layer, and then unsafe actions layer, while the improvement on the layer of precondition for unsafe actions becomes the last improvement. Improvement to organizational influences layer, unsafe act layer, and unsafe supervisions layer will have a positive influence on the layer of precondition for unsafe actions.
This thesis discusses case studies of work accidents due to toxic gas in PT Freeport Indonesia's underground mine. This research is a descriptive design research and the analysis was carried out using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. The results of the study found that there were 3 cases of accidents due to toxic gas in all PTFI underground mining blocks during the 2019-2022 period with risk factors originating from unsafe actions which were categorized in the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), which was divided into four, namely organizational influences, unsafe leadership, precondition for unsafe acts, and unsafe acts. In the study, the results of the failure of the defense system on organizational influence in cases of poison gas poisoning were dominated by the category of resource management totaling 7 failures (57%), contributing factors to the failure of the management system including SOP, safety sign, Planned Inspection, PJO, K3 Policy, Database incident management system and communication when submitting work instructions. . The level of Unsafe Supervision in cases of poison gas poisoning amounted to 11 failures (55%) with dominance by the Supervisory Violation category, contributing factors to management system failure including the Neil George Checklist, Bulkhead Ventilation, Re-entry Checklist, Airlock Door, Vent bag, Supervisor Inspection, Personal Protective Equipment, Supervision in the field, feasibility of the ventilation system at the work site, supervisor's observation of workers regarding the operation of portable gas detectors and work instructions. The level of Precondition for Unsafe Acts in cases of poison gas poisoning was dominated by the Personal Readiness category with 8 failures (38%), contributing factors to management system failure including blasting equipment, PDA, understanding of the language of instruction, emission test of heavy equipment, stop vent checklist and ventilation in the blasting area, ignoring the gas detector alarm. The level of Unsafe Acts in cases of poison gas poisoning amounted to 11 failures (46%) from the dominance of the Violation Routine category, contributing factors to management system failure including chemical handling, inadequate procedures, sign threshold values in one language, dumper vents blocked by mud and the vent bag is damaged, the fixed gas detector has not been calibrated and is covered in mud, inconsistent training evaluations are carried out, barricaded areas, do not follow the re-entry protocol. Companies are advised to evaluate the program for handling accidents caused by toxic gasses.
Human Factors Analysis and Classification System in Mining Industry (HFACS-MI) is an accident investigation method to find the factors that cause accidents in the mining industry. The HFACS method itself has been widely used for accident investigations in various industries such as aviation, construction, railroads, and other industries. This method consists of 5 (five) levels, namely unsafe act, precondition for unsafe act, unsafe leadership, organizational influences, and outside factors. PT. XYZ is a mining company in the East Kalimantan region. Accidents that have occurred certainly make the company suffer losses, it is necessary to study the analytical process in detail to find out the active and latent causal factors and find out the interrelationships of the causes of accidents from various levels using the HFACS-MI method.
Kata Kunci: Kecelakaan kerja, konstruksi bangunan, HFACS, pencegahan, keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja
HFACS (Human Factor Analysis and Classification System) is an approach that has been widely used in investigating accidents to find out weaknesses in an organization. This HFACS consists of four layers, namely unsafe act, precondition to unsafe act, unsafe supervision and organizational influence. Accidents can be prevented by closing holes at each defense layer. The HFACS principle is implemented to identify factors that contribute at unsafe driving behavior at PT. X, an oil company in Indonesia. Based on research finding, drivers who commit unsafe behavior are drivers with age 44 - 55 years (77.7%), experience over 16 years (63.1%), carried out on public roads (80.6%), on the afternoon shift (81, 6%), with a position as a team member (64.1%) and in the northern part of the company (56.3%). Weaknesses at the unsafe act level are decision errors (58.3%) ie not consistently applying risk assessment and not implementing safe work procedures. Weakness at level 2 is adverse mental state (52.4%), namely lack of focus in driving. Weakness at level 3 is inadequate supervision (65%) lack of consistent level of supervision to conduct safety supervision. Weakness at level 4 is the lack of consistency in the implementation of operational processes (62.1%), namely the implementation of risk assessment in an organization
