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The mining industry applies a work shift system to increase its productivity. One of the unavoidable issue of shift work is fatigue. Fatigue is a subjective feeling of mental and physical activity that leads to decreased concentration, alertness, increased errors and accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyze fatigue on mining operators at PT Harmoni Panca Utama and PT Hasta Panca Mandiri Utama in 2021. This research is quantitative using secondary data from Dr. Hendra S.K.M., M.K.K.K. with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study are 101 respondents. Research variables include fatigue and risk factors consisting of work-related factors (work period, work shifts, work stress levels, cabin environment) and non-work-related factors (age, nutritional status, health status, place of residence, sleep quantity and quality). Several variables in this study were measured using standard instruments, such as Cheklist Individual Strength-20 Questionnaire to measure fatigue, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Questionnaire to measure sleep quantity and quality, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Questionnaire to measure work stress levels. Analysis of the relationship between fatigue risk factors and operator fatigue using the chi-square test. The analysis of the dominant risk factors associated with fatigue is obtained through multiple logistic regression tests. The results of the analysis showed that 13.9% of operators experienced fatigue. The only risk factors associated with operator fatigue were work-related factors, namely work shifts (p=0.01; OR=7.38; 95% CI: 1.55-7.38) and work stress levels (p= 0.02; OR=10.08; 95% CI: 1.26-80.5). The dominant factor related to fatigue is the level of work stress. Operators who have moderate-to-severe stress have 8.7 times the risk of experiencing fatigue compared to operators who have low stress levels. Suggestions for companies include conducting fatigue awareness training for workers, increasing stress management programs, and supervising night shift workers. Workers are expected to take a nap before working on the night shift and do relaxation, stretching, and recreation in their spare time or holiday
ABSTRAK Nama : Ade Kurdiman Program Studi : Magister Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Judul Tesis : Kajian Indikator Faktor Pembentuk Safety Culture Model Berbasis Prinsip Resilience di PT Harmoni Panca Utama Kegiatan industri tidak terlepas dari adanya bahaya dan pajanan risiko yang berpotensi kecelakaan, termasuk pertambangan. Perkembangan resilience secara teoritis dan praktis dalam pengelolaan risiko. Adanya bahaya berisiko tinggi di berbagai industri dan tuntutan efisiensi biaya diperlukan sebuah pendekatan baru dalam pengelolaan keselamatan, termasuk program safety culture. Sebuah pendekatan pengelolaan keselamatan baru tersebut adalah pendekatan Safety-I (safety culture) menjadi Safety-II (culture of resilience) (Hollnagel, 2013; 2015). Pendekatan yang memasukkan prinsip resilience pada safety culture. Perkembangan safety culture model secara teori dan praktis. PT Harmoni Panca Utama (HPU) telah mengembangkan program budaya keselamatan dan berpandangan bahwa safety culture model terdiri dari 3 (tiga) faktor pembentuk utama, yaitu: attitude, management infrastructure & technology; dan HSE Management System beserta belum mempertimbangkan aspek pendekatan baru berbasis prinsip resilience. Kajian faktor permbentuk utama terhadap safety culture model yang berindikator berbasis prinsip resilience merupakan tujuan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan mix methode, analisa kualitatif dan principal component analysis (PCA). Hasilnya bahwa safety culture model di HPU masih sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmiah saat ini dengan beberapa penyederhanaan. Dari PCA diperoleh 3 komponen yang indikator faktor pembentuknya sebanyak 29 variable telah ditambahkan 4 prinsip resilience, yaitu: respon, monitor, learn, dan anticipate. Hanya komponen 1 yang reliable, sementara Komponen 2 & 3 tidak. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena indikator faktor pada komponen satu dan lainnya saling berkaitan atau karena Komponen 2 & 3 berindikator faktor sedikit (3 – 4 variabel). Dari 397 responden, hasil uji reliabilitas untuk total indikator faktor pembentuk, nilai alpha cronbach 0,798 (reliable) dan uji validitas (r) dibawah nilai kritis pada masing2 pertanyaan/variable. Kata kunci: resilience, safety culture, safety culture model, Safety-I dan Safety-II
ABSTRACT Name : Ade Kurdiman Majoring : Magister of Occupational Health and Safety Thesis’ Title : Study on contributing factor’s indicators of resilience principle-based safety culture model at PT Harmoni Panca Utama Industrial activities are inseparable from potential hazards and risk exposures, including mining. Today, the study of the development of resilience is theoretically and practically in risk management. The presence of high-risk hazards in various industries and cost-efficiency demands required a new approach to safety management, including safety culture programs. A new approach to safety management is the Safety-I approach (safety culture) to SafetyII (culture of resilience) (Hollnagel, 2013, 2015) which is an approach that incorporates the principle of resistance to safety culture. Today also the development of security culture model in theoretically and practically. PT Harmoni Panca Utama (HPU) has developed a safety culture program and believes that the safety culture model consists of 3 (three) dominant form factors, including: attitude, management infrastructure & technology; and HSE management system. That model has not considered a new aspect of resilience principle based approach. The study of the major factor in the form of safety culture model founded on the resilience principle is the purpose of this study. This research uses mix methods, qualitative analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The result that the safety culture model in HPU is still following current scientific development with some simplification. Adding four principles of resilience, namely: respond, monitor, learn and anticipate from the PCA that obtained three components that the fundamental factors of 29 variables. Only Component 1 is reliable, while Components 2 & 3 do not. Otherwise, the researcher will still use 3 components or main factors based on literature review. This result is possible because the factor indicators on one component and the other are interrelated or because Components 2 & 3 are slightly indicator factors (3 - 4 variables). From 397 respondents, reliability test results for total indicators of the factor, alpha’s Cronbach value 0.798 (reliable) and validity test (r) below the critical value of each question/variable. Keywords: resilience, safety culture, safety culture model, Safety-I and Safety-II
Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi operator yang mengalami fatigue ringan 80,4% dan fatigue sedang sebanyak 19,6%. Variabel lama jam kerja, kondisi fisik/kesehatan, waktu tidur dan shift kerja merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian fatigue pada analisis bivariat sedangkan variabel yang paling berpengaruh pada kejadian fatigue adalah variabel shift kerja dimana shift kerja merupakan satu-satunya variabel yang berhubungan dengan fatigue pada analisis multivariat. Responden yang bekerja shift malam mempunyai peluang 11,046 kali dibandingkan dengan responden yang bekerja shift siang.
Kata kunci : fatigue, shift kerja, kondisi fisik/kesehatan, jam kerja, waktu tidur
Fatigue is the one problem faced by company related to occupational health and safety issues, mainly in company which applies shift work system. The porpuse of the research is to figure out of fatigue prevalence in geothermal power plant operator and risk factors related to fatigue that make its occurence. The design of this study uses cross sectional method, where the datas collect by using questionnarie of international fatigue research committee (IFRC), field observation, operational data and direct measurement. There are many factors which are associated with fatigue. But in this study, there are 11 variables that is taken. They are: age, body mass index, monotonous, working hours, sleep hours, physical/health condition, shift work, work load, lighthing, temperature and noise.
The result of study shows the prevalence of operator that is light fatigue 80,4% and medium fatigue 19,6%. The variable independent which is related to fatigue are working hours, physical/health condition, sleep hours and shift work (the result from analysis bivariate). In multivariate analysis the variable that is significant influencing of fatigue occurence is shift work with the odd ratio 11,04. It means the workers who work on night shift has opportunity to being fatigue 11,045 times compare to workers who work on day shift.
Key Word : fatigue, shift work, working hours, physical/health condition, sleep hours.
