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Prevalensi hipertensi terus meningkat tajam, WHO memprediksi pada tahun 2025, sekitar 29% orang dewasa di seluruh dunia menderita hipertensi. Hipertensi telah mengakibatkan kematian sekitar 8 juta orang setiap tahun. Survei Riskesdas 2007 menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi pada penduduk umur 18 tahun ke atas di Indonesia adalah sebesar 31,7%. Hipertensi stage 1 sebagai fase awal perlu ditemukan secara dini. Direkomendasikan untuk mencegah dan mengatasi hipertensi dengan diet sehat, aktivitas fisik teratur, menghindari konsumsi alkohol, mempertahankan berat badan dan lingkar pinggang ideal, serta hidup di lingkungan bebas asap rokok. Program pengendalian penyakit hipertensi perlu melakukan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian agar tekanan darah tidak berlanjut menjadi tinggi dan mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut.
Penelitian ini bertujan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas sentral terhadap kejadian Hipertensi stage 1 di Posbindu Kota Padang Panjang. Penelitian menggunakan desain Cross Sectional Analitik, terhadap data sekunder kegiatan skrining Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular (PPTM) Direktorat PTM, Ditjen PP-PL, Kemenkes RI tahun 2011. Responden dalam penelitian ini berusia 18-64 tahun. Analisis data menggunakan analisis stratifikasi dan multivariat cox regression. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh prevalensi Hipertensi stage 1 sebesar 25,1% dan obesitas sentral sebesar 59,7%.
Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa orang dengan obesitas sentral (Waist Circumference/WC laki-laki>90 cm, dan perempuan>80 cm) berisiko 1,5 kali (PR= 1,446; 95% CI 0,897 ? 2,329) terhadap kejadian Hipertensi stage 1 setelah di kontrol variabel umur, jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, tingkat pendidikan dan stress. Kegiatan deteksi dini melalui skrining di Posbindu terutama pada orang yang obesitas sentral akan menjaring kasus hipertensi stage 1 (fase awal penyakit hipertensi). Pola hidup sehat, pengendalian stress dan mencegah terjadinya obesitas diharapkan menurunkan angka kejadian hipertensi stage 1.
The Prevalence of hypertension tends to be increase, WHO predict in 2025, approximatelly 29% adults all around the world suffer hypertension. Hypertension caused death approximatelly 8 million people every year. Basic Health Survey in 2007 showed the prevalence of hypertension in community age above 18 year old were 31,7%. Hypertension stage 1 due to initial phase should to be found earlier. Recommended to prevent and control hypertension with healthy diet, regular physical activities, avoid alcohol consumption, maintaining ideal body weight and waist circumtances, and life in the smoke free enviroment. Hypertension programme control integrated in prevention and control effort to prevent progressing blood tension higher and the complication.
The objectives of this study was to investigate the association between abdominal obesity and Hypertension stage 1 in Posbindu Padang Panjang. This is a cross sectional study, utilized the data from the result of screening by Directorate NCDC Directorate General DC & EH Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. The inclusion criteria was Padang Panjang resident whom their ages 18-64 years. The data analysis was performed with stratification and cox regression multivariate analysis. The results of study showed the prevalence of Hypertension stage 1 was 25,1%, meanwhile the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 59,7%.
The result of multivariate analysis showed that the people with abdominal obesity (waist circumference man> 90 cm and women> 80 cm) had 1,5 risk to get Hypertension stage 1 compared to the people who did not, after controlling for covariates, age, sex, working status, education level, and stress level (PR= 1,446; 95% CI: 0,897-2,329). Early detection and screening in Posbindu NCDC specially people with abdominal obesity become one of the strategies as the early detection of people with Hypertension stage 1. Healthy life style, controling stress level and prevent the obesity expected to reduce the prevalence of Hypertension stage 1.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Posbindu PTM se-Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dari data Surveilans Faktor Risiko PTM Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2017. Sampel yang dianalisis sebesar 12.775 responden dari 12.789 responden berumur ≥15 tahun. Analisis data multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda untuk menentukan model prediksi dan faktor potensial dampak yang paling dominan.
Hasil didapatkan proporsi diabetes mellitus sebesar 15,87%. Multivariat didapatkan umur ≥45 tahun (POR=6,32), 35-44 tahun (POR=1,82), 25-34 tahun (POR=0,98), jenis kelamin (POR=0,63), riwayat DM keluarga (POR=4,43), tidak menikah (POR=0,49), cerai (POR=1,58), tidak bekerja (POR=1,93), IRT (POR=1,84), pelajar/mahasiswa (POR=0,24), kurang aktif (POR=1,20), hipertensi (POR=1,35), dan obesitas sentral (POR=1,29). Faktor risiko yang memberikan dampak paling dominan adalah umur ≥45 tahun dan riwayat DM keluarga, sedangkan faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi yang memberikan dampak paling dominan adalah obesitas sentral. Model prediksi ini cukup akurat untuk memprediksi diabetes mellitus dengan batas probabilitas sebesar 18%. Perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM dari pemerintah serta kesadaran warga DKI Jakarta yang berumur ≥15 tahun untuk pemantauan faktor risiko serta deteksi dini PTM.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a serious public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity, death, disability and economic losses worldwide including Indonesia. The province of DKI Jakarta includes the top ten of the highest diabetes mellitus nationally. Posbindu PTM as one of the government programs in conducting early detection and monitoring of NCD risk factors that are implemented in an integrated, routine, and periodic.
This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Posbindu PTM throughout DKI Jakarta Province. This research uses cross sectional design from data of Risk Factor Surveilans of NCD Health Office of DKI Jakarta Province 2017. The analyzed sample is 12,775 respondents from 12,789 respondents aged ≥15 years old. Multivariate data analysis using multiple logistic regression test to determine prediction model and the most dominant potential impact factor.
The result obtained proportion of diabetes mellitus equal to 15,87%. Multivariate was found to be ≥45 years old (POR=6.32), 35-44 years (POR=1.82), 25-34 years (POR=0.98), sex (POR=0.63), history of DM family (POR=4.43), unmarried (POR=0.49), divorce (POR=1.58), not working (POR=1.93), IRT (POR=1.84), student (POR=0.24), less physical activity (POR=1.20), hypertension (POR=1.35), and central obesity (POR=1.29). Risk factors that have the most dominant impact are age ≥45 years and family DM history, while the modifiable factor that gives the most dominant impact is central obesity. This prediction model is accurate enough to predict diabetes mellitus with a probability limit of 18%. It is necessary to improve the quality of Posbindu PTM implementation from the government and the awareness of Jakarta citizens aged ≥15 years for monitoring of risk factors and early detection of NCD.
Kata Kunci : Posbindu, PTM, Hipertensi, Obesitas Sentral, Wanita
Hypertension affected mortality at least 8 millions for every years. Pattern and life style not health related with hypertension, so there are risk factors. In comparated, most of central obesity is one of risk factors of hypertension founded at women on middle ages than men. Output of this research is to know about relationship between central obesity with hypertension case in women. Research design is crossectional. The population are all women with > 18 years old registered in Posbindu PTM Surveilance database at 2015. Result showed that prevalance of hypertension 29,1%. Hypertension case more than half on >45 years old are 51,71% with everage of ages 46 years. Prevalance of central obesity with cut off point 85 cm is 53,30%. In multivariable : central obesity effect become hypertension influenced by physical activity after controlled by age. Central obesity affect to be hypertension with less of physical activity is 2,21 more than central obesity affect with high of physical activity on cut off point 85 cm. while central obesity affect to be hypertension with high physical activity is 1,34 times. The recomendation are keep of abdominal circumference size maximum 85 cm, doing the physical activity 30 minutes/day with 3 times a week or 150 minutes every week, check of blood pressure once a month in Posbindu PTM, practice of doctor or midwife.
Keywords: Posbindu, Uncomunicable PTM, Hypertension, Central Obesity, Women
Hasil analisis multivariat dengan modifikasi cox regression menunjukkan bahwa risiko wanita obesitas untuk menderita hipertensi derajat 1 sebesar 1,80 kali (95% CI 1,57-2,06) dibandingkan wanita yang tidak obesitas. Pada wanita premenopause, obesitas dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya hipertensi derajat 1 sebesar 1,67 kali (95% CI 1,43-1,94). Risiko yang lebih besar tampak pada kelompok wanita postmenopause dengan besar risiko obesitas terhadap kejadian hipertensi derajat 1 sebesar 2,32 kali (95% CI 1,69-3,19). Perlu dilakukan pencegahan dan pengendalian hipertensi melalui program GERMAS dan pemaksimalan peran posbindu PTM. Masyarakat khususnya wanita perlu menerapkan pola hidup sehat dengan perilaku CERDIK sejak usia dini.
Kata kunci: Obesitas, Posbindu PTM, DKI Jakarta
Prevalence of obesity in DKI Jakarta Province is always above the national rate in every age group every year. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution of obesity and factors associated with obesity in participants Posbindu PTM age 15-64 years. The data used is secondary data, sample size 20161. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional study design. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of obesity in this study was 57.1% which is a rough prevalence. The association relationship shows that there is a significant correlation between age variable, sex, marital status, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking status with obesity occurrence at Posbindu PTM participants. Where participants were more at risk of having age between 24-44 years (PR 1.92, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.64), female sex (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.34) , married (PR 1.46, 95% CI 1.22-1.75), lack of physical activity (PR 0.94, 95% CI 0.089-0.99), lack of consumption of vegetables and fruits (PR 1 , 06; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12), and who had a smoking habit (PR 0.77; 95% CI 0.71-0.83). This research is expected to be a consideration in the development of Posbindu PTM program as an effort to reduce obesity rate in DKI Jakarta Province.
Keywords: Obesity, Posbindu PTM, DKI Jakarta
